Involvement of Alternative Oxidase in the Regulation of Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to the Fungicides Azoxystrobin and Procymidone

Ting Xu,Ya-Ting Wang,Wu-Sheng Liang,Fei Yao,Yong-Hong Li,Dian-Rong Li,Hao Wang,Zheng-Yi Wang 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.3

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a filamentous fungal pathogen that can infect many economically important crops and vegetables. Alternative oxidase is the terminal oxidase of the alternative respiratory pathway in fungal mitochondria. The function of alternative oxidase was investigated in the regulation of sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum to two commercial fungicides, azoxystrobin and procymidone which have different fungitoxic mechanisms. Two isolates of S. sclerotiorum were sensitive to both fungicides. Application of salicylhydroxamic acid, a specific inhibitor of alternative oxidase, significantly increased the values of effective concentration causing 50% mycelial growth inhibition (EC50) of azoxystrobin to both S. sclerotiorum isolates, whereas notably decreased the EC50 values of procymidone. In mycelial respiration assay azoxystrobin displayed immediate inhibitory effect on cytochrome pathway capacity, but had no immediate effect on alternative pathway capacity. In contrast, procymidone showed no immediate impact on capacities of both cytochrome and alternative pathways in the mycelia. However, alternative oxidase encoding gene (aox) transcript and protein levels, alternative respiration pathway capacity of the mycelia were obviously increased by pre-treatment for 24 h with both azoxystrobin and procymidone. These results indicate that alternative oxidase was involved in the regulation of sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum to the fungicides azoxystrobin and procymidone, and that both fungicides could affect aox gene expression and the alternative respiration pathway capacity development in mycelia of this fungal pathogen.

The Influence of Reconstruction Algorithm and Heart Rate on Coronary Artery Image Quality and Stenosis Detection at 64-Detector Cardiac CT

Yi-Ting Wang,Chung-Yi Yang,Jong-Kai Hsiao,Hon-Man Liu,Wen-Jen Lee,Yun Shen 대한영상의학회 2009 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.10 No.3

Objective: We wanted to evaluate the impact of two reconstruction algorithms (halfscan and multisector) on the image quality and the accuracy of measuring the severity of coronary stenoses by using a pulsating cardiac phantom with different heart rates (HRs). Materials and Methods: Simulated coronary arteries with different stenotic severities (25, 50, 75%) and different luminal diameters (3, 4, 5 mm) were scanned with a fixed pitch of 0.16 and a 0.35 second gantry rotation time on a 64-slice multidetector CT. Both reconstruction algorithms (halfscan and multisector) were applied to HRs of 40-120 beats per minute (bpm) at 10 bpm intervals. Three experienced radiologists visually assessed the image quality and they manually measured the stenotic severity. Results: Fewer measurement errors occurred with multisector reconstruction (p = 0.05), a slower HR (p < 0.001) and a larger luminal diameter (p = 0.014); measurement errors were not related with the observers or the stenotic severity. There was no significant difference in measurements as for the reconstruction algorithms below an HR of 70 bpm. More nonassessable segments were visualized with halfscan reconstruction (p = 0.004) and higher HRs (p < 0.001). Halfscan reconstruction had better quality scores when the HR was below 60 bpm, while multisector reconstruction had better quality scores when the HR was above 90 bpm. For the HRs between 60 and 90 bpm, both reconstruction modes had similar quality scores. With excluding the nonassessable segments, both reconstruction algorithms achieved a similar mean measured stenotic severity and similar standard deviations. Conclusion: At a higher HR (above 90 bpm), multisector reconstruction had better temporal resolution, fewer nonassessable segments, better quality scores and better accuracy of measuring the stenotic severity in this phantom study. Objective: We wanted to evaluate the impact of two reconstruction algorithms (halfscan and multisector) on the image quality and the accuracy of measuring the severity of coronary stenoses by using a pulsating cardiac phantom with different heart rates (HRs). Materials and Methods: Simulated coronary arteries with different stenotic severities (25, 50, 75%) and different luminal diameters (3, 4, 5 mm) were scanned with a fixed pitch of 0.16 and a 0.35 second gantry rotation time on a 64-slice multidetector CT. Both reconstruction algorithms (halfscan and multisector) were applied to HRs of 40-120 beats per minute (bpm) at 10 bpm intervals. Three experienced radiologists visually assessed the image quality and they manually measured the stenotic severity. Results: Fewer measurement errors occurred with multisector reconstruction (p = 0.05), a slower HR (p < 0.001) and a larger luminal diameter (p = 0.014); measurement errors were not related with the observers or the stenotic severity. There was no significant difference in measurements as for the reconstruction algorithms below an HR of 70 bpm. More nonassessable segments were visualized with halfscan reconstruction (p = 0.004) and higher HRs (p < 0.001). Halfscan reconstruction had better quality scores when the HR was below 60 bpm, while multisector reconstruction had better quality scores when the HR was above 90 bpm. For the HRs between 60 and 90 bpm, both reconstruction modes had similar quality scores. With excluding the nonassessable segments, both reconstruction algorithms achieved a similar mean measured stenotic severity and similar standard deviations. Conclusion: At a higher HR (above 90 bpm), multisector reconstruction had better temporal resolution, fewer nonassessable segments, better quality scores and better accuracy of measuring the stenotic severity in this phantom study.

Non-monotonic Magnetoresistivity in Two-dimensional Electron Systems

Yi-Ting Wang,Tak-Pong Woo,Shun-Tsung Lo,김길호,Chi-Te Liang 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.10

The connection being studied is the one between the non-monotonic magnetoresistivity (MR) andthe electron-electron interaction (EEI) correction in weakly-disordered two-dimensional electronsystems (2DESs) in the ballistic region kBT/~ > 1, where kB, T, , and ~ are the Boltzmannconstant, the temperature, the scattering time, and the reduced Planck constant, respectively. Atzero magnetic field, a transition of the resistivity (T) from the insulating region d/dT < 0 tothe metallic region d/dT > 0 is observed. The MR shows a maximum, and with increasing T,the position of the MR maximum in B increases for both GaAs-based (sample A) and GaN-based(sample B) 2DESs. Our data suggest that the EEI plays an important role in such a non-monotonicMR effect and in the temperature dependence of the resistivity.

Electron Heating and Current Scaling in a Two-dimensional Electron System in Close Proximity to Nanoscale Scatterers

Yi-Ting Wang,Chun-Kai Yang,Sheng-Di Lin,Chi-Te Liang 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.64 No.10

We have performed magneto-transport measurements on a two-dimensional electron system(2DES) which is in close proximity to nanoscaled scatterers. Weak localization, as evidenced bynegative magnetoresistance, is observed. In this work, we use the extracted phase coherence rateas a thermometer to measure the electron’s effective temperature Te in our 2DES when a highdriving current I flows through the device. We find that Te / I0.52, consistent with 1/ep T2in two dimensions, where 1/ep is the electron-phonon scattering rate. However, the phase coherencerate 1/ T, with a very small offset, is consistent with zero-temperature dephasing. Mostimportantly, our experimental results are in agreement with the fact that at low temperatures, thedominant phase-breaking mechanism is electron-electron scattering, not electron-phonon scattering. Therefore we are able to investigate both electron-electron scattering and electron-phonon scatteringwhich are, in most cases, difficult to study independently in the linear region. Our data showthat the electron heating effect is a very powerful tool for studying semiconductor devices.

Non-monotonic magnetoresistance in an AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor structure in the ballistic region

Wang, Yi-Ting,Woo, Tak-Pong,Lo, S.-T.,Kim, Gil-Ho,Liang, Chi-Te Korean Physical Society 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.64 No.10

In this report, we will discuss the nonmonotonic magnetoresistance (MR) in an AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) in a perpendicular magnetic field B in the ballistic region (kBT tau/A < 1) and in the weakly-disordered limit (kFl = 159 a parts per thousand << 1), where kB, T, tau, A , k F, and l represent the Boltzmann constant, temperature, elastic scattering time, reduced Planck constant, Fermi wave vector and mean free path, respectively. The MR shows a local maximum between the weak localization (WL) and the Shubnikov-de Haas regions. In the low magnetic field regime, the quantum correction to the conductivity is proportional to T (-3/2), which is consistent with a recent theory [T. A. Sedrakyan, and M. E. Raikh, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 106806 (2008)]. According to our results, as the temperature is increased, the position of the MR maximum in B increases. These results cannot be explained by present theories. Moreover, in the high-magnetic-field regime, neither the magnetic and nor the temperature dependences of the observed MR is consistent with present theories. We, therefore, suggest that while some features of the observed nonmonotonic MR can be successfully explained, further experimental and theoretical studies are necessary to obtain a thorough understanding of the MR effects.

台灣社區營造之資源盤點及整合模式建立研究

陳亭伊(Ting-Yi Chen),謝杏慧(Hsing-Hui Hsieh),林漢明(Han-Ming Lin),陳怡昌(Yi-Chang Chen),黃招憲(Jau-Hsien Huang),郭殷豪(Yin-Hao Kuo),Hsin-Mien Wang 한국외국어대학교 대만연구센터 2016 대만연구 Vol.- No.9

For the promotion of community development, the first step is to investigate the specialty resources and human resources, to understand the process and the current appearance of community development, and to explore the future development vision or direction should be promoted. Secondly, the local smart people must have the abilities of cooperation, communication, cross-domain integration, and linking external support. It is one of the keypoints of adding-value workforce. Therefore, leaders of a community must find the local characteristics of the championship, and have the capacity to promote citizen participation and to integrate external support and cooperation, so that communities can acquire and integrate diverse and sufficient resources in order to succeed in community sustainability. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to establish a model of resource inventory and integration. Through the methods of literature analysis and focus group discussion, this paper explores the community cases of Guantu area in Taipei, Shennong Street and Jingliao community in Tainan how to inventory both natural and human resources, to seek community development and value-added directions, to promote civic participation, cooperation, and to link external groups, so as to achieve the success of internal and external resource integration.

Professionals’ experiences and attitudes toward use of Traditional Chinese Medicine in hospice palliative inpatient care units: A multicenter survey in Taiwan

Yu-Jia Lin,Hsiao-Ting Chang,Ming-Hwai Lin,Ru-Yih Chen,Ping-Jen Chen,Wen-Yuan Lin,Jyh-Gang Hsieh,Ying-Wei Wang,Chung-Chieh Hu,Yi-Sheng Liou,Tai-Yuan Chiu,Chun-Yi Tu,Yi-Jen Wang,Bo-Ren Cheng,Tzeng-Ji Ch 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.2

Background: Medical staff may have difficulties in using conventional medicine to manage symptoms among terminally ill patients, including adverse effects of the treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is regarded as a complementary or alternative medicine, and has been increasingly used in the field of palliative medicine in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the experiences of and attitudes toward using TCM among palliative care professionals, and to provide preliminary information about its use in palliative care. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey study conducted in eight inpatient hospice wards in Taiwan between December 2014 and February 2016. The questionnaire was self-administered, and was analyzed with descriptive statistics including Pearson’s Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: A total of 251 palliative care professionals responded to the questionnaire, of whom 89.7% and 88.9% believed that the use of TCM could improve the physical symptoms and quality of life in terminally ill patients, respectively. Overall, 59.8%, of respondents suggested that TCM had rare side effects, and 58.2% were worried that TCM could affect the liver and kidney function of patients. In total, 89.7% and 88.0% of professionals agreed there were no suitable clinical practice guidelines and educational programs, respectively, for TCM use in palliative care. Conclusions: Most of the respondents agreed there was insufficient knowledge, skills-training, and continuing education on the use of TCM in terminally ill patients in Taiwan. These results show that to address patient safety considerations, guidelines about use of TCM in palliative care should be established.

The Determinants of South Korea’s Trade Balance: A Cointegrating Regression Approach

Ting-Huan Chang,Jun-De Lee,Yi-Hsien Wang 한국무역학회 2012 Journal of Korea trade Vol.16 No.3

This paper examines the key determinants of South Korea’s trade balance using three fully efficient cointegrating regression methods. We find that the trade balance, foreign income, money supply, real effective exchange rate, and domestic income are cointegrated. Consistent with the Marshall-Lerner condition, appreciation in the real effective exchange rate is negatively related to the trade balance. Our results have important implications for using exchange rate policy as a device to achieve trade balance.

Synthesis of mesoporous SiO2 xerogel/chitosan mixed-matrix membranes for butanol dehydration

Yi-Feng Lin,Chang-Yu Wu,Ting-Yu Liu,Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,Kuo-Lun Tung,Tsair-Wang Chung 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.57 No.-

Novel mesoporous SiO2 xerogel/chitosan (CS) mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) were successfully prepared by incorporating sol–gel synthesized SiO2 xerogels into glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linked CS membranes. The effects of the SiO2 doping amount and the feed temperature on the performance of the separation of butanol and water was also investigated in this study. The 0.25 wt% SiO2 xerogel/CS MMMs possessed the best pervaporation performance and the largest PSI value of 1102 kg/m2h with a permeate flux of 736 g/m2h (Permeability of 3.25 × 10−5 g m m−2 h −1 Pa−1) and a separation factor of 1498 at a feed temperature of 50 °C. This PSI value is not only comparable but also exceeds that of other membranes reported in the literature. The separation factor and the flux of the SiO2 xerogel/CS MMMs in this study clearly exceed the upper limit of the previously reported MMMs. As a result, the as-prepared novel SiO2 xerogel/CS MMMs showed an improved performance during the butanol and water separation process, which raises the possibility of future pervaporation applications using this novel SiO2 xerogel/CS MMMs.

Novel Deadlock Control for Smartphone Manufacturing Systems Using Petri Nets

Yi-Nan Lin,Sheng-Kuan Wang,Gwo-Jen Chiou,Cheng-Ying Yang,Victor R. L. Shen,Tony Tong-Ying Juang,Ting-Jui Huang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.3

Currently, the marketing strategy in the manufacturing industry is becoming more and more competitive. Thus, the production efficiency becomes the main developing trend, which many people are now pursuing. However, the automatic production might cause resource conflicts and system deadlocks. In this study, Petri net models and analysis were used to effectively avoid deadlocks and to achieve the goal of lean production. The iPhone XS device developed by Apple is now a popular product. Consequently, this paper aims to describe its manufacturing system by using Petri net models. Meanwhile, the siphon property of Petri nets can be used to detect the deadlock in the manufacturing processes and to avoid it from occurring. Two simulation software tools, WoPeD and PIPE, were applied to conduct the experiments. The experimental results have indicated that our proposed approach is more feasible and acceptable than other existing ones.