Comparative analysis of type 2 diabetes-associated gut microbiota between Han and Mongolian people

Shu-chun Li,Yao Xiao,Ri-tu Wu,Dan Xie,Huan-hu Zhao,Gang-yi Shen,En-qi Wu 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.7

Due to the different rates of diabetes in different ethnic groupsand the structural differences in intestinal microbiota, thisstudy evaluated the changes in diabetes-related intestinal microbiotain two ethnic groups. Fifty-six stool samples werecollected from subjects from the Han and Mongolian ethnicgroups in China, including participants without diabetes(non-diabetic, ND) and with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The 16SrDNA gene V3 + V4 area was extracted from microbiota,amplified by PCR, and used to perform high-throughput sequencingand screen differential microbiota associated withethnicity. The results showed that there were 44 T2D-relatedbacterial markers in the Han subjects, of which Flavonifractor,Alistipes, Prevotella, Oscillibacter, Clostridium XlVa,and Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis were most closely relatedto diabetes. There were 20 T2D-related bacterial markers inthe Mongolian subjects, of which Fastidiosipila and Barnesiellawere most closely related to diabetes. The commonmarkers of T2D bacteria in the two ethnic groups were Papillibacterand Bifidobacterium. There were 17 metabolic pathwayswith significant differences between the ND and T2Dgroups in the Han group, and 29 metabolic pathways in theMongolian group. The glutamatergic metabolic pathway wasthe only common metabolic pathway in two ethnic groups. The composition and function of diabetes-related bacteriawere significantly different among the different ethnic groups,which suggested that the influence of ethnic differences shouldbe fully considered when studying the association betweendiabetes and bacteria. In addition, the common bacterialmarkers found in diabetic patients of different ethnic groupsin this study can be used as potential targets to study the pathogenesisand treatment of diabetes.

Anesthetic efficacy in vital asymptomatic teeth using different local anesthetics: a systematic review with network meta-analysis

Liew Amy Kia Cheen,Yeh Yi-Chun,Abdullah Dalia,Tu Yu-Kang 대한치과보존학회 2021 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.46 No.3

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various local anesthesia (LA) in vital asymptomatic teeth. Materials and Methods Randomized controlled trials comparing pulpal anesthesia of various LA on vital asymptomatic teeth were included in this review. Searches were conducted in the Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar and 3 field-specific journals from inception to May 3, 2019. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool were done by 2 independent reviewers in duplicate. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed within the frequentist setting using STATA 15.0. The LA was ranked, and the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) line was plotted. The confidence of the NMA estimates was assessed using the CINeMA web application. Results The literature search yielded 1,678 potentially eligible reports, but only 42 were included in this review. For maxillary buccal infiltration, articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 was more efficacious than lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:100,000 (odds ratio, 2.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–3.89). For mandibular buccal infiltration, articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 was more efficacious than various lidocaine solutions. The SUCRA ranking was highest for articaine 4% with epinephrine when used as maxillary and mandibular buccal infiltrations, and lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:80,000 when used as inferior alveolar nerve block. Inconsistency and imprecision were detected in some of the NMA estimates. Conclusions Articaine 4% with epinephrine is superior when maxillary or mandibular infiltration is required in vital asymptomatic teeth. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various local anesthesia (LA) in vital asymptomatic teeth. Materials and Methods Randomized controlled trials comparing pulpal anesthesia of various LA on vital asymptomatic teeth were included in this review. Searches were conducted in the Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar and 3 field-specific journals from inception to May 3, 2019. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool were done by 2 independent reviewers in duplicate. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed within the frequentist setting using STATA 15.0. The LA was ranked, and the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) line was plotted. The confidence of the NMA estimates was assessed using the CINeMA web application. Results The literature search yielded 1,678 potentially eligible reports, but only 42 were included in this review. For maxillary buccal infiltration, articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 was more efficacious than lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:100,000 (odds ratio, 2.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–3.89). For mandibular buccal infiltration, articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 was more efficacious than various lidocaine solutions. The SUCRA ranking was highest for articaine 4% with epinephrine when used as maxillary and mandibular buccal infiltrations, and lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:80,000 when used as inferior alveolar nerve block. Inconsistency and imprecision were detected in some of the NMA estimates. Conclusions Articaine 4% with epinephrine is superior when maxillary or mandibular infiltration is required in vital asymptomatic teeth.

Professionals’ experiences and attitudes toward use of Traditional Chinese Medicine in hospice palliative inpatient care units: A multicenter survey in Taiwan

Yu-Jia Lin,Hsiao-Ting Chang,Ming-Hwai Lin,Ru-Yih Chen,Ping-Jen Chen,Wen-Yuan Lin,Jyh-Gang Hsieh,Ying-Wei Wang,Chung-Chieh Hu,Yi-Sheng Liou,Tai-Yuan Chiu,Chun-Yi Tu,Yi-Jen Wang,Bo-Ren Cheng,Tzeng-Ji Ch 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.2

Background: Medical staff may have difficulties in using conventional medicine to manage symptoms among terminally ill patients, including adverse effects of the treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is regarded as a complementary or alternative medicine, and has been increasingly used in the field of palliative medicine in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the experiences of and attitudes toward using TCM among palliative care professionals, and to provide preliminary information about its use in palliative care. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey study conducted in eight inpatient hospice wards in Taiwan between December 2014 and February 2016. The questionnaire was self-administered, and was analyzed with descriptive statistics including Pearson’s Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: A total of 251 palliative care professionals responded to the questionnaire, of whom 89.7% and 88.9% believed that the use of TCM could improve the physical symptoms and quality of life in terminally ill patients, respectively. Overall, 59.8%, of respondents suggested that TCM had rare side effects, and 58.2% were worried that TCM could affect the liver and kidney function of patients. In total, 89.7% and 88.0% of professionals agreed there were no suitable clinical practice guidelines and educational programs, respectively, for TCM use in palliative care. Conclusions: Most of the respondents agreed there was insufficient knowledge, skills-training, and continuing education on the use of TCM in terminally ill patients in Taiwan. These results show that to address patient safety considerations, guidelines about use of TCM in palliative care should be established.