Toll-like receptor-targeted particles: A paradigm to manipulate the tumor microenvironment for cancer immunotherapy

Tran, Tuan Hiep,Tran, Thi Thu Phuong,Truong, Duy Hieu,Nguyen, Hanh Thuy,Pham, Tung Thanh,Yong, Chul Soon,Kim, Jong Oh Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam 2019 ACTA BIOMATERIALIA Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on antigen presenting cells, especially dendritic cells, offers several sensitive mediators to trigger an adaptive immune response, which potentially can be exploited to detect and eliminate pathogenic objects. Consequently, numerous agonists that target TLRs are being used clinically either alone or in combination with other therapies to strengthen the immune system in the battle against cancer. This review summarizes the roles of TLRs in tumor biology, and focuses on relevant TLR-dependent antitumor pathways and the conjugation of TLR agonists as adjuvants to nano- and micro-particles for boosting responses leading to cancer suppression and eradication.</P> <P><B>Statement of Significance</B></P> <P>Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which express on antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages, play an important role in sensing pathogenic agents and inducing adaptive immunity. As a result, several TLR agonists have been investigating as therapeutic agents individually or in combination with other treatment modalities for cancer treatment through boosting the immune system. This review aims to focus on the roles of TLRs in cancer and TLR-dependent antitumor pathways as well as the use of different nano- or micro-particles bearing TLR agonists for tumor inhibition and elimination.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Distributed plasticity approach for the nonlinear structural assessment of offshore wind turbine

Tran, Thanh-Tuan,Hussan, Mosaruf,Kim, Dookie,Nguyen, Phu-Cuong The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2020 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.12 No.-

This study provides an insight of the nonlinear behavior of the Offshore Wind Turbine (OWT) structure using the distributed plasticity approach. The fiber section beam-column element is applied to construct the finite element model. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified using linear analysis via the comparison of the dynamic characteristics. For collapse risk assessment of OWT, the nonlinear effects considering the earthquake Incident Angle (IA) have been evaluated first. Then, the Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) has been executed using a set of 20 near-fault records. Lastly, fragility curves are developed to evaluate the vulnerability of structures for different limit states. Attained results justify the accuracy of the proposed approach for the structural response against the ground motions and other environmental loads. It indicates that effects of static wind and wave loads along with the earthquake loads should be considered during the risk assessment of the OWT structure.

Development of jacket substructure systems supporting 3MW offshore wind turbine for deep water sites in South Korea

TRAN THANH TUAN,이대용 대한조선학회 2022 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.14 No.1

This study aims to develop jacket substructures supporting a 3MW Offshore Wind Turbine (OWT) in water depth ranges of 25e40 m. A simplified structural design process is introduced and influences of jacket topological forms and brace systems on their dynamic performances are assessed. The results conclude that the topological configuration of the jacket substructure has a significant influence on the dynamic characteristics of the whole system, indicating a high priority when designing a jacket substructure for OWTs. Furthermore, two jacket substructures having the lowest material costs and the best performances under the Korean ocean environmental conditions are suggested. Additionally investigated in this study is a sensitivity of environmental loading directions on the structural performances of the jacket substructures. All the findings in this study might be very useful to assist the structural engineers when they design the support structures for large-scaled OWTs in the near future in South Korea.

A Flexible and Tunable Microwave Photonic Filter Based on Adjustable Optical Frequency Comb Source

Tran, Thanh Tuan,Seo, Dongsun Institute of Korean Electrical and Electronics Eng 2015 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.19 No.1

A flexible and tunable microwave photonic filter based on adjustable optical frequency comb source is demonstrated. We use a combination of a dual parallel Mach Zehnder modulator and an intensity modulator to generate fifteen comb lines with proper weights to implement a desired filter. The optical comb weights, corresponding to the tap coefficients of the filter, are flexibly changed by adjusting the operation parameters of the modulators. The achieved bandwidth and stopband attenuation of the tunable filter are 0.7 GHz and 20 dB, respectively. In addition, we overcome the undesired low frequency suppression appeared in a conventional scheme by applying a dual parallel Mach Zehnder modulator for single sideband suppressed carrier modulation.

Seismic behavior of steel cabinets considering nonlinear connections and site-response effects

Thanh-Tuan Tran,Phu-Cuong Nguyen,Gihwan So,Dookie Kim 국제구조공학회 2020 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.36 No.1

This paper presents experimental and numerical studies on the seismic responses of the steel cabinet facility considering the nonlinear behavior of connections and site-response effects. Three finite element (FE) models with differences of type and number of connections between steel plates and frame members have been developed to demonstrate adequately dynamic responses of structures. The screw connections with the bilinear force-deformation relationship are proposed to represent the inelastic behavior of the cabinet. The experiment is carried out to provide a verification with improved FE models. It shows that the natural frequencies of the cabinet are sensitive to the plate and frame connectors. The screw connections reduce the free vibration compared to the weld one, with decreased values of 2.82% and 4.87% corresponding to front-to-back and side-to-side directions. Additionally, the seismic responses are investigated for various geological configurations. Input time histories are generated so that their response spectrums are compatible with a required response spectrum via the time-domain spectral matching. The results indicate that both site effects and nonlinear behavior of connections affect greatly on the seismic response of structures.

Unipolar Resistance Switching Characteristics in a Thick ZnO/Cu/ZnO Multilayer Structure

Tran Le,Hoang Cao Son Tran,Van Hieu Le,Tuan Tran,Cao Vinh Tran,Thanh Tan Vo,Mau Chien Dang,김상섭,이재찬,Bach Thang Phan 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.60 No.7

The resistance switching mechanism and the electrical conduction of thick Cu/ZnO/Cu/ZnO/Cu structures were investigated for various ZnO thicknesses (40, 80, 160, and 320 nm) when the thickness of the middle Cu layer was 2 nm. The ZnO films had a microstructure with columnar grains normal to the substrate. The switching voltages (VSET and VRESET) varied with the thickness of the ZnO layer. A symmetric electrode structure exhibited a unipolar resistance switching. The electrical transport of both high-resistance state (HRS) and low-resistance state (LRS) was Ohmic conduction, and the resistance switching mechanism was driven by the formation and the rupture of Cu conducting paths.

Fragility Assessment for Electric Cabinet in Nuclear Power Plant Using Response Surface Methodology

Thanh-Tuan Tran,Anh-Tuan Cao,Thi-Hong-Xuyen Nguyen,김두기 한국원자력학회 2019 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.51 No.3

An approach for collapse risk assessment is proposed to evaluate the vulnerability of electric cabinet innuclear power plants. The lognormal approaches, namely maximum likelihood estimation and linearregression, are introduced to establish the fragility curves. These two fragility analyses are applied for thenumerical models of cabinets considering various boundary conditions, which are expressed by representingrestrained and anchored models at the base. The models have been built and verified using thesystem identification (SI) technique. The fundamental frequency of the electric cabinet is sensitivebecause of many attached devices. To bypass this complex problem, the average spectral accelerationðSaÞ in the range of period that cover the first mode period is chosen as an intensity measure on thefragility function. The nonlinear time history analyses for cabinet are conducted using a suite of 40ground motions. The obtained curves with different approaches are compared, and the variability of riskassessment is evaluated for restrained and anchored models. The fragility curves obtained for anchoredmodel are found to be closer each other, compared to the fragility curves for restrained model. It is alsofound that the support boundary conditions played a significant role in acceleration response of cabinet.

Comparison of the Chemical Reactivity between Sulfuric and Methanesulfonic Acids as a Leaching Agent

Thanh Tuan Tran,문현승,이만승 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2021 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.30 No.3

Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) can be considered effective in the leaching of metals because of its advantageous physical and chemical properties. The chemical reactivities of MSA and sulfuric acid were compared based on their structures and the dissolution data of Co and Ni metal. The inductive and resonance effects play a vital role in the chemical reactivities of these two acids. The dissolution percentages of Co and Ni in the sulfuric acid solution were higher than those in the MSA solution under the same experimental conditions. Considering the strong acidity of MSA and the high solubility of its metal salts, MSA can be employed as a leaching agent for the recovery of metals.

Interactions Between Ionic Liquid (ALiCY) and TBP and their Use in Hydrometallurgy for Extracting Co(II) and Ni(II)

TRAN THANH TUAN,이만승 대한금속·재료학회 2020 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.58 No.6

Ionic liquids have emerged in hydrometallurgy as potential extractants for metals. In this work, the interactions of ALiCY (R4N+A-) synthesized by Aliquat336 and Cyanex272, and a mixture of ALiCY and TBP, were analyzed using extraction data and FT-IR spectroscopy. Co(II) and Ni(II) were extracted from two HCl concentrations (1.0×10-4 and 6.8 mol·L-1) using ALiCY and its mixture with TBP. The extraction results indicated that ALiCY has a dual function, as a cationic extractant at low HCl concentration and an anionic extractant at high HCl concentration depending on the types of metal complexes. The addition of TBP to ALiCY had a negative effect on the extraction of Co(II) from the 6.8 mol·L-1 HCl, while the effect was negligible from the 1.010-4 mol·L-1 HCl. The solvation of R4N+ by TBP significantly affected the extraction behavior of ALiCY for metal ions. The formation of hydrogen bonding between TBP and Cyanex272 was verified. These findings shed light on the behavior and interaction occurring between bif-ILs and solvating extractants for the extraction of metals in acidic media.

Electrical and Magnetotransport Properties of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation='TeX'> <tex> ${\rm La}_{{0.7}}{\rm Ca}_{{0.3}}{\rm Mn}_{{1-x}}{\rm Co}_{{x}}{\rm O}_{3}$ </tex> </tex-math></inline-formula>

Tran Dang Thanh,Phan, T. L.,Phung Quoc Thanh,Hoang Nam Nhat,Duong Anh Tuan,Yu, S. C. IEEE 2014 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.50 No.6

<P>This paper presents a detailed study on the Co-doping influence on the electrical and magnetotransport properties of La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-xCoxO3(x = 0.09-0.17) prepared by solid-state reaction. Magnetic measurements versus temperature revealed a gradual decrease of the magnetization (M) and Curie temperature (T-C) with increasing Co concentration (x). The T-C values vary from 194 to 159 K as changing x from 0.09 to 0.17, respectively. H/M versus M-2 performances around T-C prove the x = 0.09 sample undergoing a first-order magnetic phase transition (FOMT) while the samples with x >= 0.11 undergo a second-order magnetic phase transition (SOMT). The other with x = 0.10 is considered as a threshold concentration of the FOMT-SOMT transformation. Considering temperature dependences of resistivity, rho(T), in the presence and absence of the magnetic field, the samples (excepting for x = 0.17) exhibit a metal-insulator transition at T (P) = 60-160 K, which shifts toward lower temperatures with increasing x. In the metallic-ferromagnetic region, the rho(T) data are well fitted to a power function rho(T) = rho(0) + rho(2) T-2 + rho(4.5) T-4.5. This indicates electron-electron and electron-magnon scattering processes are dominant at temperatures T < T (P). In addition, the conduction data at temperatures T > theta(D)/2 (theta(D) is the Debye temperature) and T (P) < T < theta(D)/2 obey the small-polaron and variable-range hopping models, respectively. The values of activation energy E-p, and density of states at the Fermi level N(E-F) were accordingly determined. Here, N(E-F) increases while E-p decreases when an external magnetic field is applied. We also have found that N(E-F) increases when materials transfer from the FOMT to the SOMT, and N(E-F) value becomes smallest for the sample having the coexistence of the FOMT and SOMT (i.e., x = 0.10).</P>