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AN ANALYSIS OF ROAD USER CHARGING AND ROAD PRICING AT THE UPPER DERWENT VALLEY, UK
TAKESHI TAKAMA,JOHN PRESTON,김재홍 한국행정학회 2009 International Review of Public Administration Vol.14 No.2
This paper discusses the effect of the road user charging scheme at the Peak District National Park, UK. The analysis was carried out with stated preference survey techniques and using a multinomial mixed logit model as well as conventional statistic and regression models. The analysis focused on not only the congestion level and environmental impact, but also equity issues associated with the road user charging scheme. From the estimation results, the scheme has great potential to reduce congestion in this area of natural beauty. However, the potential monetary policy tool also presents an equity problem, because elderly visitors will be more willing to pay the toll and the fee to park at the Information Centre. In other words, elderly visitors are more disadvantaged than other visitors. This example shows how a monetary policy tool causes an uneven effect.
Nobuhara, Hajime,Takama, Yasufumi,Hirota, Kaoru Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 2002 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.2 No.1
A fast iterative solving method of fuzzy relational equation is proposed. It is derived by eliminating a redundant comparison process in the conventional iterative solving method (Pedrycz, 1983). The proposed method is applied to image reconstruction, and confirmed that the computation time is decreased to 1 / 40 with the compression rate of 0.0625. Furthermore, in order to make any initial solution converge on a reconstructed image with a good quality, a new cost function is proposed. Under the condition that the compression rate is 0.0625, it is confirmed that the root mean square error of the proposed method decreases to 27.34% and 86.27% compared with those of the conventional iterative method and a non iterative image reconstruction method, respectively.
Nanochannels for Manipulation of DNA Molecule using Various Fabrication Molecule
Hwang, M.T.,Cho, Y.H.,Lee, S.W.,Takama, N.,Fujii, T.,Kim, B.J. The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2007 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.7 No.4
In this report, several fabrication techniques for the formation of various nanochannels (with $SiO_2$, Si, or Quartz) are introduced. Moreover, simple fabrication technique for generating $SiO_2$ nanochannels without nanolithography is presented. By using different nanochannels, the degree of stretching DNA molecule will be evaluated. Finally, we introduce a nanometer scale fluidic channel with electrodes on the sidewall of it, to detect and analyze single DNA molecule. The cross sectional shape of the nanotrench is V-groove, which was implemented by thermal oxidation. Electrodes were deposited through both sidewalls of nanotrench and the sealing of channel was done by covering thin poly-dimethiysiloxane (PDMS) polymer sheet.
Nanochannels for Manipulation of DNA Molecule using Various Fabrication Molecule
M.T. Hwang,Y.H. Cho,S.W. Lee,N. Takama,T. Fujii,B.J. Kim 대한전자공학회 2007 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.7 No.4
In this report, several fabrication techniques for the formation of various nanochannels (with SiO₂, Si, or Quartz) are introduced. Moreover, simple fabrication technique for generating SiO₂ nanochannels without nanolithography is presented. By using different nanochannels, the degree of stretching DNA molecule will be evaluated. Finally, we introduce a nanometer scale fluidic channel with electrodes on the sidewall of it, to detect and analyze single DNA molecule. The cross sectional shape of the nanotrench is V-groove, which was implemented by thermal oxidation. Electrodes were deposited through both sidewalls of nanotrench and the sealing of channel was done by covering thin polydimethiysiloxane (PDMS) polymer sheet.