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현실치료 프로그램이 고등학생의 내-외부 통제성 및 자기효능감에 미치는 효과
김운옥(Kim Woonok),원복연,(Won Bogyeon),김성봉Kim Sungbong 한국문화융합학회 2021 문화와 융합 Vol.43 No.8
본 연구의 목적은 고등학생들의 내-외부 통제성 및 자기효능감 향상을 위한 현실치료 프로그램을 재구성하고적용하여 그 효과성을 확인하는 데 있다. 연구대상은 J시에 소재한 H고등학교 1학년 학생 중 프로그램 참가 희망자 20명이었으며, 이들을 실험집단과 통제집단에 각각 10명씩 무선 배치하였다. 본 프로그램의 재구성 절차는 프로그램 재구성의 준거 설정, 프로그램 회기별 배열순서 설정, 재구성 프로그램의 타당화(전문가 검토 및 예비실험) 의 순서에 따라 총 11회기로 재구성하였으며 주 2회 회기 당 100분씩 실시하였다. 검사도구는 박재황과 김순업(2004)이 개발한 내-외부 통제성 척도와 Sherer 등(1982)이 개발한 자기효능감 척도(Self Efficacy Scale: SES)를홍혜영(1995)이 번안 보완한 척도를 사용하였다. 자료는 실험집단과 통제집단의 사전-사후 점수 차이에 대한 t검증으로 통계 결과를 분석하였으며, 양적인 결과를 보완하기 위해 김영천(2006)의 질적 자료 분석 과정에 따라 질적 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구에 의하여 얻어진 결과는 첫째, 내부 통제성은 실험집단과 통제집단 사이에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이는 나타나지는 않았으나, 외부통제성에서는 유의미한 효과를 나타났다. 둘째, 자기효능감 사전-사후 점수 차이에 대한 두 집단 간에는 유의미한 효과를 보였다. 셋째, 양적인 결과를 보완하는 차원에서 실시한 질적 분석에서도 그 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. The objective of this study was to verify that the restructured Reality Therapy Program designed to enhance internal-external control and self-efficacy of high school students has a positive effect on the targeted internal-external control and self-efficacy of high school students. The subjects consisted of 20 students of 1st grade attending “H” high school in “J” city, who volunteered for this program. They were divided randomly and equally into two separate groups: experimental and control. The restructuring processes for this program were carried out through the following order : setting up criteria for restructuring, arranging session order and validating the program (professional review of the program and preparatory experiment). The whole program was conducted biweekly in total 11 separate sessions with each having 100 minutes of time. The scale developed by Jae Hwang Park and Soon Up Kim(2004) was used to measure internal-external control of the subjects. In order to measure self-efficacy, the Self Efficacy Scale was utilized. This scale was translated and supplemented by Hong Hye Young(1995) while the scale was originally developed by Sherer et al. in 1982. T-test was carried out for the purpose of calibrating the difference in pre-/post-test evaluation within the experimental group and control group. With a view to making up the limits of quantitative result, this study was analyzed through the qualitative analysis process suggested by Young Cheon Kim(2006). The first result of this study is that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. However, the statistical significant difference was verified in terms of sub-factor of external control. Secondly, according to the pre-/ post-test evaluation within the experimental group and control group in terms of self-efficacy, the statistically significant difference between the two groups was proved. Thirdly, the program had an positive effect on internal-external control and self-efficacy in terms of the qualitative analysis.
Kim Sunggak,Ahn Kyo Han,Yang Sungbong Korean Chemical Society 1982 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.3 No.2
Synthetic utility of 1-fluoro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (FTNB) as a condensing agent was investigated. The use of FTNB and DMAP was found to be very effective for direct esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols or thiols. However, this system was not very effective for macrolactonization. Reaction of 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl esters with several nucleophiles was investigated briefly. Plausible reaction mechanisms of esterification are presented. It seems that the reaction proceeds via the intermediacy of 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl esters by initial formation of 2',4',6'-trinitrophenyl-4-dimethylaminopyridinium salt from which the trinitrophenyl group is transferred to the carboxylic acid.
Activation Plan for the Eurasia Railway Logistics
Sungbong Chung,Baekkyu Namkung,Moon-Joung Kim 한국유통과학회 2016 유통과학연구 Vol.14 No.1
Purpose – Given the increasing interest in the Eurasian Initiative, government-wide studies for the construction of the Silk Road Express are currently being conducted. However, the Korean Government has no experience in operating international freight railroads and has not encountered problems in train service plans, international conventions, and customs clearance, which will arise when TKR is connected to TSR, TCR, and TMGR. Research design, data and methodology – Given these conditions, the cases of direct services in international freight railroads between China and Europe are investigated to identify the possible problems in the connection between TKR and continental railroads. This study also identifies the plans for activating Eurasian railroad logistics. Results – For the service of international freight trains, Korea needs to join international conventions, such as OJSD, as a regular member. Furthermore, any relevant international conference after the conclusion of such an agreement is needed for the agreement on train service schedules, fees, and procedures for passing border stations. Conclusions – Customs clearance and relevant documents must be standardized to address the differences in clearance systems between nations.