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제천전(濟川煎)과 약물(藥物) 가감(加減)이 흰쥐의 사하작용(瀉下作用)에 미치는 영향(影響)
이승희,이상준,박수연,김홍렬,박성규,Lee Seung-Hee,Lee Sang-Jun,Park Soo-Yeon,Kim Hong-Yeoul,Park Seong-Kyu 대한한의학방제학회 2002 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.10 No.1
We have examined the purgative effect of three Jechun-jun formulas in sprague dawley(SD) rat. Three jechun-jun formulas were Jechun-jun(Sample I ) and augmented Jechun-jun(Sample II) and augmented Jechun-jun add rhubarb(sample III ). We examined the amount and the humidity of feces in rat. The experimental animals were devided into four groups. as control group and three Jechun-jun (sample I, II, III). We administerd the water extract of sample I, II, III to rat per oral for 8days long. After every 24hours measured the amount of wet feces from rats in metabolic cage. Humidity rate of feces from rat was at first measure wet feces for 24hours (W) and measure dried feces (W1) and then we consider W-W1 as humidity. High humidity rate means constipation changes into moistening stool. The amount of wet feces and humidity rate of feces in rats were increased in sample I, II, III. Sample I has highest humidity rate of feces. so showed strong moistening effect. Sample II has mild effect in treating constipation. sample III has most amount of wet feces. in conclusion Jechun-jun has an effect of moistening stool. and augmented Jechun-jun add rhubarb has strong purgative effect.
Hong, Jun Sung,Kim, Dong Ha,Thornberg, Robert,Kang, Jun Hyeok,Morgan, Julie Toth Elsevier 2018 Computers in Human Behavior Vol.87 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The aim of the study is to explore the correlates of indirect and direct forms of cyberbullying victimization across individual, microsystem, mesosystem, and macrosystem contexts in a nationally representative sample of South Korean youth. Data were derived from the Korean Children and Youth Rights Study, and the total sample was 10,453 adolescents. The hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted separately for both direct and indirect cyberbullying victimization. At the individual level, no variables were found to be associated with indirect cyberbullying victimization, but male sex and depression were positively related to direct cyberbullying victimization. At the microsystem level, parental neglect was related to indirect cyberbullying victimization, while parental abuse, parental neglect, and family dysfunction were associated with direct cyberbullying victimization. Poor peer relations was significant for both indirect and direct cyberbullying victimization, and teacher abuse and school victimization were associated with victims of both types of cyberbullying. Perceived neighborhood safety had negative association with indirect and direct cyberbullying victimization. At the mesosystem level, higher levels of parental abuse and poor peer relations was related to higher risk of indirect cyberbullying victimization. Also, higher levels of family dysfunction and poor peer relations were associated with higher risk of indirect cyberbullying victimization. An assessment of the risk factors for cyberbullying victimization across multiple domains is the first necessary steps towards the development of effective intervention strategies.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Correlates of cyberbullying victimization in South Korea were examined. </LI> <LI> Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems perspective was applied. </LI> <LI> Male sex and depression were associated to direct cyberbullying. </LI> <LI> Several variables representing the microsystem were linked to cyberbullying. </LI> <LI> Two variables representing the mesosystem were related to indirect cyberbullying. </LI> </UL> </P>
Jun-Ran Kim,In-Hong Jeong,Sang-Guei Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10
The toxicity of cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) and howood (Cinnamomum camphora) essential oils, and its constituents to adult western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis using leaf-dipping bioassay and vapour-phase toxicity bioassays. Both cypress and howood essential oils were toxic to western flower thrips. The most active principles were determined to be linalool, linalool oxide, cis-linalool oxide, trans-linalool oxide, camphor, and 1,8-cineole from cypress and howood essential oils. Linalool (24h LC50, 0.030 µg/cm2), linalool oxide (24h LC50, 0.036 µg/cm2), cis-linalool oxide (24h LC50, 0.043 µg/cm2), trans-linalool oxide (24h LC50, 0.045 µg/cm2), and camphor (24h LC50, 0.10 µg/cm2) were the most toxic. Potent toxicity was also observed with 1,8-cineole, a-pinene, d-limonene, a-terpinene, cinnamaldehyde, b-pinene, 3-carene a-terpineol, camphene, and terpineol (24h LC50, 0.33–0.65 µg/cm2). The spray bioassy of cypress and howood oil formulation (500 ppm) resulted in > 80% mortality toward western flower thrips population. Global efforts to reduce the level of toxic synthetic insecticides in the agricultural environment justify further studies on cypress and howood essential oil-derived materials as potential contact-action fumigants for the control of western flower thrips populations.