Autistic-like social behaviour in Shank2-mutant mice improved by restoring NMDA receptor function

Won, Hyejung,Lee, Hye-Ryeon,Gee, Heon Yung,Mah, Won,Kim, Jae-Ick,Lee, Jiseok,Ha, Seungmin,Chung, Changuk,Jung, Eun Suk,Cho, Yi Sul,Park, Sae-Geun,Lee, Jung-Soo,Lee, Kyungmin,Kim, Daesoo,Bae, Yong Chul Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2012 Nature Vol.486 No.7402

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of conditions characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviours. ASD is a highly heritable disorder involving various genetic determinants. Shank2 (also known as ProSAP1) is a multi-domain scaffolding protein and signalling adaptor enriched at excitatory neuronal synapses, and mutations in the human SHANK2 gene have recently been associated with ASD and intellectual disablility. Although ASD-associated genes are being increasingly identified and studied using various approaches, including mouse genetics, further efforts are required to delineate important causal mechanisms with the potential for therapeutic application. Here we show that Shank2-mutant (Shank2<SUP>??/??</SUP>) mice carrying a mutation identical to the ASD-associated microdeletion in the human SHANK2 gene exhibit ASD-like behaviours including reduced social interaction, reduced social communication by ultrasonic vocalizations, and repetitive jumping. These mice show a marked decrease in NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) glutamate receptor (NMDAR) function. Direct stimulation of NMDARs with d-cycloserine, a partial agonist of NMDARs, normalizes NMDAR function and improves social interaction in Shank2<SUP>??/??</SUP> mice. Furthermore, treatment of Shank2<SUP>??/??</SUP> mice with a positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), which enhances NMDAR function via mGluR5 activation, also normalizes NMDAR function and markedly enhances social interaction. These results suggest that reduced NMDAR function may contribute to the development of ASD-like phenotypes in Shank2<SUP>??/??</SUP> mice, and mGluR modulation of NMDARs offers a potential strategy to treat ASD.

서속병(黍粟餠)의 재료배합비에 따른 관능적 , 텍스쳐 특성

이효지,백구슬 한국조리과학회 2001 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.17 No.3

This study aimed for exploring the best recipe of Seosokbyung with different ingredient ratios of glutinous millet flour, sugar, and water added to rice flour. The most desirable recipe was detetmined by sensory evaluation and mechanical test for measuring texture, moisture content and colorimetry. The best score for each sensory item was obtained in the following condition: Color-245g(70%) of glutinous millet flour, 50g of sugar with 10㎖ of water in 105g of rice flour. Flavor-175g(50%) of glutinous millet flour with a 80㎖ of honey in 175g of rice flour. Graininess and Moistness-245g(70%) of glutinous millet flour with 70㎖ of honey in 105g of rice flour. Chewiness-210g(60%) of glutinous millet flour, 60g of sugar with 20㎖ of water in 140g of rice flour. Sweetness-175g (50%) of glutinous millet flour 7g of sugar with 25㎖ of water in 175g of rice flour. As a result of mechanical examination, the best score for springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, gumminess, adhesiveness was obtained in the recipe of 175g(50%) of glutinous millet flour with 80㎖ of sugar in 175g of rice flour, and that for hardness in the one of 245g(70%) of glutinous millet flour with 70㎖ of honey in rice flour. As the less amount of glutinous millet flour was added, the scores for springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, gumminess and adhesiveness were increased, and the addition of honey gave higher scores than sugar or oligosaccharide(P<0.05) The best recipe of Seosokbyung was 140g of rice flour, 210g of glutinous millet flour, 60g of sugar, 20㎖ of water and 3.5g of salt. The moisture contents of rice flour and glutinous millet flour were 31.6% and 13.3%, respectively. The content of moisture in the best recipe of the Seosokbyung is approximately 36.101%. The moisture content higher than 36% gave better sensory scores in chewiness and moistness. As a result of colorimetry, the most bright 'L' value(Lightness) was obtained from 175g of rice flour mixed with 175g(50%) of glutinous millet flour, 70g of sugar and 25㎖ of water. The highest 'a' value(Redness) was gained from 175g of rice flour mixed with 175g (50%) of glutinous millet flour and 80㎖ of honey. The best 'b' value(Yellowness) was obtained from 140g of rice flour, 210g (60% of rice flour) of glutinous millet flour, 60g of sugar and 20㎖ of water.

Psi각 오차모델 기반 스트랩다운 관성 항법 시스템의 정렬 알고리즘

박슬기(Sul Gee Park),황동환(Dong-Hwan Hwang),이상정(Sang Jeong Lee) 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.17 No.2

An alignment algorithm for strapdown inertial navigation systems is proposed, in which the psi angle error model is utilized. The proposed alignment algorithm is derived from the Psi angle error model which has been widely used in real-time navigation systems. The equation for expecting steady state alignment error is also derived. The proposed algorithm was verified through real-time experiments. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can be used in the inertial navigation system and GNSS/INS integrated navigation system to get an initial attitude of the vehicle.

스트랩다운 관성항법시스템의 Psi각 오차 모델 기반 정렬 알고리즘

박슬기(Sul Gee Park),황동환(Dong-Hwan Hwang),이상정(Sang Jeong Lee) 대한전기학회 2009 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.7

관성항법시스템에서는 항법을 수행하기 전 항체의 자세를 구하는 정렬을 수행하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 추정치 기반의 섭동모델인 Psi각 오차모델을 이용하여 정밀 정렬을 수행하는 알고리즘을 제시하고 모의실험을 통하여 정렬 오차가 예상 결과 범위 내로 추정됨을 확인하였다.

Performance Analysis of GNSS Residual Error Bounding for QZSS CLAS

Yebin Lee,Cheolsoon Lim,Yunho Cha,Byungwoon Park,Sul-Gee Park,Sanghyun Park 사단법인 항법시스템학회 2023 Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Vol.12 No.3

The State Space Representation (SSR) method provides individual corrections for each Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) error components. This method can lead to less bandwidth for transmission and allows selective use of each correction. Precise Point Positioning (PPP) - Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is one of the carrier-based precise positioning techniques using SSR correction. This technique enables high-precision positioning with a fast convergence time by providing atmospheric correction as well as satellite orbit and clock correction. Currently, the positioning service that supports PPPRTK technology is the Quazi-Zenith Satellite System Centimeter Level Augmentation System (QZSS CLAS) in Japan. A system that provides correction for each GNSS error component, such as QZSS CLAS, requires monitoring of each error component to provide reliable correction and integrity information to the user. In this study, we conducted an analysis of the performance of residual error bounding for each error component. To assess this performance, we utilized the correction and quality indicators provided by QZSS CLAS. Performance analyses included the range domain, dispersive part, non-dispersive part, and satellite orbit/clock part. The residual root mean square (RMS) of CLAS correction for the range domain approximated 0.0369 m, and the residual RMS for both dispersive and non-dispersive components is around 0.0363 m. It has also been confirmed that the residual errors are properly bounded by the integrity parameters. However, the satellite orbit and clock part have a larger residual of about 0.6508 m, and it was confirmed that this residual was not bounded by the integrity parameters. Users who rely solely on satellite orbit and clock correction, particularly maritime users, thus should exercise caution when utilizing QZSS CLAS.

Polarus Intramedullary Nail for Nonunion of Humerus Neck

Ho-Jung Kang,Sul-Gee Kim,Hong-Ki Yoon,Chung-Gil Lee,Soo-Bong Hahn,Sung-Jae Kim 대한견주관절의학회 2009 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.5

Monitoring QZSS CLAS-based VRS-RTK Positioning Performance

Cheolsoon Lim,Yebin Lee,Yunho Cha,Byungwoon Park,Sul-Gee Park,Sanghyun Park 사단법인 항법시스템학회 2022 Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Vol.11 No.4

The Centimeter Level Augmentation Service (CLAS) is the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) – Real Time Kinematic (RTK) correction service utilizing the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) L6 (1278.65 MHz) signal to broadcast the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) error corrections. Compact State-Space Representation (CSSR) corrections for mitigating GNSS measurement error sources such as satellite orbit, clock, code and phase biases, tropospheric error, ionospheric error are estimated from the ground segment of QZSS CLAS using the code and carrier-phase measurements collected in the Japan’s GNSS Earth Observation Network (GEONET). Since the CLAS service begun on November 1, 2018, users with dedicated receivers can perform cm-level precise positioning using CSSR corrections. In this paper, CLAS-based VRS-RTK performance evaluation was performed using Global Positioning System (GPS) observables collected from the refence station, TSK2, located in Japan. As a result of performing GPS-only RTK positioning using the open-source software CLASLIB and RTKLIB, it took about 15 minutes to resolve the carrier-phase ambiguities, and the RTK fix rate was only about 41%. Also, the Root Mean Squares (RMS) values of position errors (fixed only) are about 4cm horizontally and 7 cm vertically.

초음파 센서를 이용한 3차원 마우스 시스템 설계

이가일(Ga-Il Lee),강희원(Hee Won Kang),박슬기(Sul Gee Park),황동환(Dong-Hwan Hwang) 대한전기학회 2009 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.7

본 논문에서는 초음파 센서를 이용하여 3차원 마우스 시스템을 설계하였다. 마우스에 부착시킨 초음파 발신부와 모니터에 부착시킨 초음파 수신부를 이용하여 마우스와 모니터에 부착된 수신부사이의 거리를 측정한다. 측정한 거리는 무선네트워크를 이용하여 Host PC에 전송하고, Host PC는 측정거리와 위치 추정 알고리즘을 이용하여 마우스의 위치를 추정한다. 최소자승법을 이용하여 위치 추정 알고리즘의 모의실험을 수행하였으며, 모의실험 결과로부터 최소자승법을 3차원 마우스 시스템의 위치추정 알고리즘으로 활용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

안면부 외상 후 발생한 양측 패혈성 해면정맥동 혈전증 1예

윤상문,이슬기,양재욱,Sang Moon Youn,Sul Gee Lee,Jae Wook Yang 대한안과학회 2013 대한안과학회지 Vol.54 No.4

Purpose: We report a case of a patient with ptosis, lid swelling, limitation of ocular movement, and visual disturbance after a trauma. The patient was diagnosed with unilateral orbital cellulitis, ophthalmic vein thrombosis and bilateral septic cavernous thrombosis and treated. Case summary: After head and facial area trauma that occurred 1 month earlier, a 56-year-old man suffered from ongoing visual loss, limitation of ocular movement in all directions, proptosis in the left eye and abduction limitation of the right eye. A week before admission, mild fever and chills were also present. At admission, visual acuity of the left eye was no light perception and pupil reflex was lost. Brain MRA and MRI indicated dilation and thrombosis of the left superior ophthalmic vein, left orbital cellulitis and inflammation in bilateral cavernous sinuses. The patient was immediately treated with systemic antibiotics and steroid injection. Coagulase negative staphylococci were detected in blood culture. Conclusions: Infection caused by facial trauma spread through the facial area’s venous plexus and caused orbital cellulitis. As a result, septic cavernous sinus thrombosis and ophthalmic vein thrombophlebitis occurred. Serious complications can occur after facial trauma, thus rapid differential diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important in determining prognosis.

근거리‐원거리 사시각 불일치를 보인 외사시에서 양안 외직근 근경사후전술의 효과

송인제,이슬기,In Je Song,Sul Gee Lee 대한안과학회 2012 대한안과학회지 Vol.53 No.2

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of slanted recession of the lateral rectus (LR) muscle for exodeviation with larger deviation angle at near than far fixation. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of 31 patients. Seventeen patients underwent slanted LR recession, the upper fiber of the LR was recessed according to the distance deviation angle and the lower fiber was recessed according to the near deviation. Fourteen patients underwent classic recession. To evaluate the effect of slant LR recession, postoperative ocular alignment between them was checked at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after operation. Results: At the postoperative 6 months, bilateral slanted LR recession reduced the mean exodeviation at near from 33.82 PD to 7.29 PD, and same amount recession group reduced 33.67 PD to 11.13 PD. The far deviation change was from 25.59 PD to 2.59 PD, 23.67 PD to 4.00 PD in each group. The change of near-distance difference was from 10.29 PD to 4.71 PD in slanted recession group, and 9.67 PD to 7.93 PD in same amount recession group, showed that slanted recession group reduced angle more significantly (p = 0.002). Success rate was 35% in bilateral slanted LR recession group, 7% in classic recession group, showed that slanted recession group had significantly high success rate (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Bilateral slanted LR recession effectively reduces near and distance exodeviation angle, and reduces near-distance incomitance more superior to classic bilateral LR recession technique. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(2):311-315