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김태영,김종은,김윤상,이태희,김원중,Kwang S. Suh 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.1
An aqueous dispersion of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was prepared using a partially sulfonated poly(styrene-b-butadiene- b-styrene) (s-SBS) as a polyanion. For the preparation of s-SBS, poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) was sulfonated to four different levels ranging from 44.1 to 64.8 mol%. These sulfonated polymers were characterized with IR spectroscopy and 1H NMR analysis to confirm sulfonation reaction. The preparation of the PEDOT complex was carried out through the chemical polymerization method in which the EDOT monomer starts to polymerize in the presence of s-SBS, resulting in an aqueous dispersion of PEDOT/s-SBS complex. The DC conductivities of PEDOT/s-SBS complexes were found to increase from 0.0003 to 0.05 s/cm as the sulfonation level of the corresponding s-SBS increases, which is consistent with the data recorded by UV–vis spectrophotometer. From the XPS experiments, it was concluded that the concentration of PEDOT-rich phase in the PEDOT/s-SBS increases as the sulfonation level of s-SBS increase, thus facilitating the charge transport along the doped PEDOT chains. An aqueous dispersion of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was prepared using a partially sulfonated poly(styrene-b-butadiene- b-styrene) (s-SBS) as a polyanion. For the preparation of s-SBS, poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) was sulfonated to four different levels ranging from 44.1 to 64.8 mol%. These sulfonated polymers were characterized with IR spectroscopy and 1H NMR analysis to confirm sulfonation reaction. The preparation of the PEDOT complex was carried out through the chemical polymerization method in which the EDOT monomer starts to polymerize in the presence of s-SBS, resulting in an aqueous dispersion of PEDOT/s-SBS complex. The DC conductivities of PEDOT/s-SBS complexes were found to increase from 0.0003 to 0.05 s/cm as the sulfonation level of the corresponding s-SBS increases, which is consistent with the data recorded by UV–vis spectrophotometer. From the XPS experiments, it was concluded that the concentration of PEDOT-rich phase in the PEDOT/s-SBS increases as the sulfonation level of s-SBS increase, thus facilitating the charge transport along the doped PEDOT chains.
Jang Hyo-Jeong,Suh Hyo Rim,Choi Sujin,Hong Suk Jin,Cho Seung-Man,Choi Kwang-Hae,Choe Byung-Ho,Kang Ben,Crohn's and Colitis Association in Daegu-Gyeongbuk 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.44
Background: There are limited data regarding the extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) associated with pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Korea. We aimed to investigate the clinical features and factors associated with the development of EIMs in Korean children and adolescents with IBD. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study was conducted from 2010 to 2017. Baseline clinicodemographic, laboratory findings, disease activity, disease phenotypes, and EIMs were investigated. Results: A total of 172 patients were included. One-hundred thirty-seven (79.7%) had Crohn's disease (CD), and 35 (20.3%) had ulcerative colitis (UC). EIMs occurred in 42 patients (24.4%). EIMs developed in 34/137 diagnosed with CD (24.8%), and in 8/35 diagnosed with UC (22.9%), during a median follow-up duration of 3.2 (interquartile range, 1.9–5.4) years for CD and 3.0 (1.0–4.0) years for UC, respectively. Arthritis/arthralgia was most commonly observed (n = 15, 35.7%), followed by stomatitis/oral ulcer (n = 10, 23.8%), hepatitis (n = 5, 11.9%), nephritis (n = 4, 9.5%), pancreatitis (n = 2, 4.8%), erythema nodosum (n = 2, 4.8%), pyoderma gangrenosum (n = 1, 2.4%), primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 1, 2.4%), uveitis (n = 1, 2.4%), and ankylosing spondylitis (n = 1, 2.4%). A significant difference in disease severity based on the Paris classification (P = 0.011) and ESR at diagnosis (P = 0.043) was observed between the EIM positive and negative group in patients with UC. According to logistic regression analyses, S1 disease severity based on the Paris classification was the only factor that was significantly associated with the development of EIMs (odds ratio, 16.57; 95% confidence interval, 2.18–287.39; P = 0.017). Conclusion: Severe disease activity based on the Paris classification in pediatric patients with UC was significantly associated with EIM development. As disease severity in the Paris classification is a dynamic parameter, treatment should be focused on disease control to minimize the occurrence of EIMs in Korean children and adolescents with UC.
서광석,이창용,강창균 고려대학교 공학기술연구소 1991 고려대학교 생산기술연구소 생기연논문집 Vol.27 No.1
Electrical conduction characteristics of low density polyethylene with a silicon-oil layer at the surface have been investigated at medium fields ranging from about 75 to 650 ㎸/㎝ over the temperature range of 20 to 100℃. The conduction current of polyethylene increases exponentially with the electric field and gets higher as the temperature increases. The observed conduction behavior was explained in term of the SCLC and tunneling effect. Activation energy ranges from 0.54 to 0.44 eV over the field range of 90∼450 ㎸/㎝ and the charge mobility was estimated from a Child law to be in the order of 10^(-16)∼10^(-14)㎡/V·s. Silicone oil layer modifies the conduction behaviors in polyethylene. Major changes are (1) an increase in conduction currents, (2) a suppression in a rate of change of conduction currents, and (3) a decrease in activation energy.