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도희정,조원제,용철순,이치호,김대덕 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2002 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.11 No.-
Various alkyl ester prodrugs of diclofenac were synthesized in order to investigate the relationship between their skin permeation characteristics and physicohemical properties. Solubility in various vehicles was meastured at room temperature. 1-Octanol/water partition coefficients (Log P) and capacity factors (k") were measured to detemine the lipophilicity of the prodrugs. Stability of prodrugs in the skin extract and homogenate was also investigated before conduction the skin permeation studies. Increases in the Log P and capacity factor values were observed when alkyl esters of diclofenac were perpared. Since the aqueous solubility of the prodrugs was not high enough, they were saturated in propylene glycol (PG) for skin permeation studies. Prodrugs were rapidly metabolized to diclofenac, both in skin homogenate and in dernal extract of skin. The skin permeation rate of alkyl ester prodrugs was significantly higher than diclofenac with shorter lag time. Morecover, a parabolic relationship was observed between the pemeation rate and the log P values of prodrugs, and the maximum flux was achieved at a log P value of around 4.0.
도희정,조원제,용철순,이치호,김대덕 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 약품개발연구지 Vol.10 No.-
Various alkyl ester prodrugs of diclofenac were synthesized in order to investigate the relationship between their skin permeation characteristics and physicochemical properties. Solubility in various vehicles was measured at room temperature. I -Octanol/water partition coefficients (Log P) and capacity factors (k') were measured to determine the lipophilicity of the prodrugs. Stability of prodrugs in the skin extract and homogenate was also investigated before conducting the skin permeation studies. Increases in the Log P and capacity factor values were observed when alkyl esters of diclofenac were prepared. Since the aqueous solubility of the prodrugs was not high enough, they were saturated in propylene glycol (PG) for skin permeation studies. Prodrugs were rapidly metabolized to diclofenac, both in skin homogenate and in dermal extract of skin. The skin permeation rate of alkyl ester prodrugs was significantly higher than diclofenac with shorter lag time. Moreover, a parabolic relationship was observed between the permeation rate and the log P values of prodrugs, and the maximum flux was achieved at a log P value of around 4.0.
도희정,조원제,용철순,이치호,김대덕 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.11 No.-
Various alkyl ester prodrugs of diclofenac were aynthesized in order to investigate the relationship between their skin permeation characteristics and physicochemical properties. Solubility in various vehicles was measured at room lemperature. I-Octanol/water partition coefficients (Log P) and capacity factors (k^(+)) were measured to detenmine the lipophilicity of the prodrugs. Stability of prodrugs in the skin extract and homogenate was also investigated before conducting the skin penmeation studies. Increases in the Log P and capacity factor values were observed when alkyl esters of diclofenac were prepared. Since the aqueous soubility of the prodrugs was not high enough, they were saturated in propylene glycol (PG) for skin permeation studies. Prodrugs were rapidly metabolized to diclofenac, both in skin homogenate and in dermal extract of skin. The skin permeation rate of alky1 ester prodrugs was significantly higher than diclofenac with shorter lag time. Moreover, a parabolic relationship was observed between the permeation rate and the log P values of prodrugs, and the maximum flux was achieved at a log P value of around 4.0.
영양불량환자의 중증도 적용 향상을 위한 영양지원팀 협의진료체계 개선활동의 중요성
권국환 ( Kuk Hwan Kwon ),이형순 ( Hyung Soon Lee ),유지형 ( Jee Hyoung Yoo ),지수나 ( Soo Na Chi ),박현희 ( Hyun Hee Park ),김소원 ( So Won Kim ),김경란 ( Kyung Ran Kim ),윤난희 ( Nan Hee Yun ),라경택 ( Kyoung Taek Ra ),송현정 ( H 한국정맥경장영양학회 2018 한국정맥경장영양학회지 Vol.10 No.1
Purpose: The grade of complexity in the diagnosis related group (DRG) payment system is influenced by the secondary diagnosis of specific complication and comorbidity level, in which moderate or severe malnutrition is included. This study examined an existing proportion of patients with malnutrition who were supposed to be qualified for the complexity level and devised quality improvement measures to increase the proportion of qualifying complexity payments. Methods: The goal of the activities was to increase the rate of complexity payment claims for patients with malnutrition (%). Cases ineligible for the DRG payment system and cases with no diagnosis of malnutrition were excluded. We established a collaborative system between the nutrition support team and departments related to each improvement factor (i.e., patient care, medical records, insurance review, and medical information). Results: Before implementing the activities, this study investigated the current level of complexity payment claims for malnutrition patients who were discharged within a specific period (June 1, 2015∼August 31, 2015). The results showed that complexity payment claims were filed in 10.00% (2 of the 20 malnutrition cases). After the activities, the rate of complexity payment claims for the patients with malnutrition within the study period (June 1, 2016∼August 31, 2016) was 46.43% (26 out of 56), showing an approximately 364% increase from the pre activity rate. This change was statistically significant according to the chi-square test on Microsoft Excel 2010 (P<0.01). Conclusion: Collaborative efforts by the related departments enabled the smooth implementation of each activity. In addition, moderate or severe malnutrition was revealed to be a variable in the complexity-specific payment system. In the future, hospital-wide awareness and effort are crucial to promot the steady practice of these activities and expand their implementation.
김민정,도희정,조원제,용철순,최한곤,이치호,김대덕 한국약제학회 2002 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.32 No.4
Rat skin permeation of various nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was investigated in vitro using Franz diffusion cell at 37℃. The effect of various skin permeation enhancers was also observed as a preliminary study of developing transdermal delivery systems of NSAIDs. Lipophilicity of NSAIDs was determined from the partition coefficient (log P) in 1-octanol/water and 1-octanol/IPB mutual-saturated solutions. The solubility was determined in water, isotonic phosphate buffer (IPB), and propylene glycol (PG) at 37℃. The rat skin permeation rate of acetaminophen, piroxicam, and aceclofenac was almost negligible, although they were saturated in PG. Addition of 1 % permeation enhancer increased the permeation rate of ketoprofen, ketorolac, and diclofenac. However, the skin permeation rate of ibuprofen did not increase with the addition of various enhancers. Among the permeation enhancers tested, oleic acid was the most effective for various NSAIDs. Based on the daily dose, lipophilicity, and the skin permeation rate achieved in this study, ketoprofen and ketorolac seem to be the most promising drug candidates for transdermal delivery systems, especially when formulated with unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid.
Chi, Won-Jae,Kim, Yoon-Hee,Kim, Jong-Hee,Kang, Dae-Kyung,Kang, Sang-Soon,Suh, Joo-Won,Hong, Soon-Kwang The Microbiological Society of Korea 2003 The journal of microbiology Vol.41 No.4
Gelatinase is a proteolytic enzyme that hydrolyzes gelatin. Gelatinolytic activity was detected from culture broths of Streptomyces griseus IFO13350 and HH1 by paper disc assays on 0.5% agar plates containing 1% gelatin. The concentrated extracellular protein from the S. griseus was analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel, and two proteins, with molecular weights of 30 and 28 kDa, respectively, were identified to have gelatinase activity by gelatin zymography. The protein with a molecular weight of 28 kDa was confirmed to be S. griseus trypsin (SGT). The effects of metal ions and metal chelators on the protease activity of the SGT were studied. Of the metal ions tested, only manganese was found to enhance the protease activity, 2.6 times, however, $Co^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\;and\;Zn^{2+}$, and metal chelators, such as EDTA and EGTA, inhibited the SGT activity. When the protease activity of the SGT was measured at various pHs, in the presence of 5 mM $MnCl_2$, its highest activity was at pH 11.0, whereas only 60% of the maximum activity was observed between pHs 4.0 and pH 6.0, and almost 80% activity between pHs 7.0 to pH 10.0. The protease activity was measured at various temperatures in the presence of 5 mM $MnCl_2$. The SGT was found to be stable up to $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, while only 16% of the enzyme activity remained at $60^{\circ}C$, and at $80^{\circ}C$ almost all the activity was lost. The optimal temperature for the protease activity was $50^{\circ}C$.