약효 동등성과 생물학적 동등성

申相久,孫東烈 대한의사협회 1999 대한의사협회지 Vol.42 No.8

β-Lactam 유도체의 N(1)-C(4) 위치에 한 개의 탄소를 도입한 입체 선택적 고리확장에 관한 연구

하진렬,오선주,김지아,신동수,안철진 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2003 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The base induced ring opening of β -1actam derivatives with LDA gave γ-lactam derivatives stereoselectively. The γ -1actam derivatives were formed stereoselectively depending on β-3 substituent of B-lactam derivatives.

락탐화합물의 고리 확장 연구 : 입체 선택성과 Mechanism에 관한 연구 Study of Stereoselectivity and Mechanism

하진렬,최경민,김지아,원태진,신동수,이민주,안철진 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2002 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The ring expansion chemistry is one of the most important methods to prepare five-and six-membered heterocylic compounds. We have studied about γ-lactam ring expansion with stereoselectivity from β-lactam derivative. To do this chemistry, proton of N-benzyl group in β-lactam derivatives is eliminated by LDA and make carbanion.This anion make unstable 4-membered lactam intermediate, and then the ring is opened by homo clevage or hetero cleavage for releasing ring strain, followed by recyclization to one carbon to make γ-lactam ring with stereoselectivity in β-, γ- positions.

가변 광도에 따른 복합레진의 기계적 물성 및 변연누출도 변화

한승렬,민경산,신동훈 大韓齒科保存學會 2003 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.28 No.2

Mechanical properties and microleakage of two composites [conventional hybrid type DenFil (VERICOM Co., Anyang, Korea) / micro matrix hybrid type Esthet X (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, U.S.A.)] were evaluated to assess whether variable light intensity curing is better than conventional curing technique. Curing was done for 40 seconds in two ways of 2 step soft-start technique and 5 step ramping technique. Three kinds of light intensities of 50, 100, 200 mW/cm^2 were initially used for 10, 20, 30 seconds each and the maximum intensity of 600 mW/cm^2 was used for the rest of curing time in a soft-start curing technique. In a ramping technique, curing was done with the same initial intensities and the light intensity was increased 5 times with the same rate to the maximum intensity of 600mW/cm^2. After determining conditions that showed no different mechanical properties with conventional technique, Esthet X composite was filled in a class V cavity, which dimension was 4×3×1.5 mm and cured under those conditions. Microleakage was evaluated in two ways of dye penetration and maximum gap estimation through SEM observation. ANOVA and Spearman's rho test were used to confirm any statistical significance among groups. The results were as follows: 1. Several curing conditions of variable light intensities resulted in the similar mechanical properties with a conventional continuous curing technique, except conditions that start curing with an initial light intensity of 50 mW/cm^2, 2. Conventional and ramping techniques were better than soft-start technique in mechanical properties of microhardness and compressive strength. 3. Soft-start group that started curing with an initial light intensity of 100 mW/cm^2 for 10 seconds showed the least dye penetration. Soft-start group that started curing with an initial light intensity of 200 mW/cm^2 for 10 seconds showed the smallest marginal gap, if there was no difference among groups. 4. Soft-start technique resulted in better dye-proof margin than conventional technique(p=0.014) and ramping technique(p=0.002). 5. There was a very low relationship(p=0.157) between the methods of dye penetration and marginal gap determination through SEM evaluation. From the results of this study, it was revealed that ramping technique would be better than conventional technique in mechanical properties, however, soft-start technique might be better than conventional one in microleakage. It was concluded that much endeavor should be made to find out the curing conditions, which have advantages of both aspects or to solve these kinds of problems through a novel idea of polymerization.

영구자석형 선형동기전동기의 위치제어를 위한 가변구조 벡터제어 시스템에 관한 연구

우정인,신동률,허태원,조광승 東亞大學校 2000 東亞論叢 Vol.37 No.-

OA, FA기기 등에 에너지 밀집도를 높일 수 있는 영구자석형 선형동기전동기(PMLSM)를 적용하고자하는 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. PMLSM은 파라메터의 변동과 외부의 외란에 매우 민감하다. 이러한 PMLSM의 구동에 있어서 요구되는 것은 파라미터 변동과 부하 토크 외란에 견실하면서 빠른 응답속도를 가지는 제어기이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 PMLSM의 위치제어를 위한 가변구조 벡터제어시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 파라메터 변동과 외부외란의 변화에 강인한 가변구조 기법을 이용한 슬라이딩 모드제어의 타당성을 시뮬레이션을 통하여 검증하고자 한다.

비간섭 제어에 의한 반송용 편측식 선형 유도전동기의 초저속제어

이오걸,신동률,김태우 동의공업대학 1998 論文集 Vol.24 No.1

We proposed an ultra low speed control or the SLIM(Sing1e-sided Linear Induction Motor) for a conveyance system using decoupled thrust control. The voltage equations of SLIM are expressed on the suitable α-β axis by the proposed equivalent circuit, which can analyze the characteristics thrust and normal force and so on. These control methods, which include the slip angular frequency control and the decoupling control for the thrust and normal force by analyzing these parameters, and can be successfully driven without interfering with each axis. These results exemplify the linear drive of SLIM with the reference value.

전압형 PWM 컨버터의 전압 센서리스 제어

허태원,신동률,안인모,우정인 동아대학교 정보기술연구소 2000 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.8 No.1

This paper presents a control scheme for a three-phase PWM converter system without any voltage sensors. Two input currents and one load current are measured. In a general PWM converter system, the required AC input and DC output voltage values in order to control the converter are estimated using the differential equations of the converter from the measured input currents and load current values in the switch modes of the converter circuit. The PI controller is used as DC voltage controller and sinusoidal tracking controller which tracks directly AC input current is used as input current controller. The proposed method is verified by simulations. This paper describes the estimation method and configuration of the controller, and discusses steady state and transient performances of the converter.

DSP 인버터에 의한 편측식 선형 유도전동기의 비간섭제어

우정인,신동률,조용길,노인배,정영일 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1998 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.6 No.1

We proposed the speed control of the inverter-fed SLIM(Single-sided Linear Induction Motor) for conveyance system by the decoupled thrust control with DSP board. The voltage equations of SLIM are expressed on the suitable α-β axis by the proposed equivalent circuits, which can analyze the characteristics of the thrust and the normal force and so on. These control methods, which are the slip angular frequency control and the decoupling control for the thrust and normal force by analyzing these parameters can be successfully driven without interfering of each axis. These results exemplified the linear drive of SLIM with the reference value.

반송용 편측식 선형기기의 추력제어에 의한 특성해석

우정인,신동률,조용길,노태균 東亞大學校 大學院 1999 大學院論文集 Vol.24 No.-

본 논문에서는 PWM 인버터 구동 편측식 선형유도 전동기(이하 SLIM)의 공간백터 제어와 PI 제어를 통한 추력 제어를 행한다. 1차측 권선과 SLIM의 2차측 구조 사이에서 발생하는 공극길이의 떨림은 빠른 응답특성을 얻기위해서 최소화 되어야 한다. 먼저, SLIM의 전압방정식이 추력과 수직력 특성을 해석하기 위하여 d-q축 등가회로로서 나타내어진다. 또한, d-q축 등가회로의 모델링과 해석은 등가회로상에서 전류변동에 따른 강인한 과도 추력특성을 얻을 수 있다. 지령속도와 추력에 의한 SLIM의 직접구동 결과는 실험을 통해서 확인된다.

백서 구치의 실험적 치아이동시 견인측 치근막에서 혈관성장인자의 발현에 관한 연구

임용규,신춘식,이동렬 대한치과교정학회 2001 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.31 No.1

치주인대에 일회성의 적절한 인장력을 가하였을 때 견인측 치근막에서 나타나는 혈관성장인자(VEGF)와 그 수용체(VEGFR)의 발현의 변화를 보기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 8-10주된 Sprague-Dawley계 웅성 백서(rat)에서 상악 좌측 제1대구치에 closed coil을 이용하여 근심방향으로의 교정력을 가하였으며 1시간, 12시간, 1일, 3일, 1주, 2주 군으로 분리하여 각 군 당 5마리씩의 실험동물을 배정하였다. 우측 제1대구치는 치경부에 ligature wire만 결찰하고 동일 실험시간이 지난 후 대조군으로 이용하였다. 견인력이 가해진 치근막에서 VEGF와 VEGFR및 이들의 mRNA의 발현 양상의 변화를 H&E 염색 및 면역조직화학적 염색과 in situ hybridization법으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.치주인대에 인장력을 가하면 치주인대의 신장으로 인한 혈관의 압박에 의해 울혈과 부분적인 출혈상이 초기에 나타났으나 3일 이내에 대조군과 같은 정도로 회복되었으며 신생골의 형성은 3일 이후 나타나서 2주간 지속되었다. 2.치주인대에 인장력을 가하면 치주인대 세포와 조골세포, 백악아세포에서의 VEGF와 VEGF mRNA의 발현증가가 나타나며 이는 치주인대 혈관의 증가로 이어졌다. 3.인장력을 가하고 3일 이후에는 VEGF와 VEGF mRNA의 발현은 주로 치조골 인접면의 치주인대세포와 조골세포에서만 관찰되었으며 2주후에는 VEGF와 VEGF mRNA, 치주인대혈관 모두 대조군과 유사한 정도로 감소하였다. 4.VEGF수용체인 Flt-1과 Flk-1은 거의 동일한 발현 양상을 보였으며 주로 혈관 내피세포와 조골세포에서 관찰되었으나 치주인대에 인장력을 가하면 초기에 혈관내피세포에서 그 발현이 증가하였다. 조골세포에서의 발현증가는 내피세포에 비교해서 다소 늦게 나타났으나 발현의 증가는 더 뚜렷하였다. 결론적으로 교정력을 가했을 때 견인측 치주인대의 치주인대세포와 조골세포, 백악아세포에서 VEGF와 VEGF mRNA의 발현이 증가하며 이에 이어 혈관의 증가가 나타나고 신생골의 형성은 혈관의 증가 후에 나타나는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 백악아세포에서 발현이 증가된 VEGF mRNA는 치조골측으로 편재해 있던 혈관이 견인의 방향으로 치아를 향해 성장하도록 유도하는 것으로 사료되었다. VEGFR 및 VEGFR mRNA는 내피세포 뿐 아니라 조골세포와 골세포, 치주인대세포에서도 발현이 증가하여 VEGF가 paracrine한 방식 뿐 아니라 autocrine한 방식으로도 작용함을 알 수 있었다. This study was performed to analyse the expression of VEGF and it's receptor(VEGFR) in the tension side of the periodontal ligament following orthodontic tooth movement. Upper first molars of Sprague-Dawley rats were moved medially using closed coil spring for 1, 2, 24 hours and 3, 7, 14 days. H&E staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization methods were used to analyse the change of the expression of VEGF and VEGFR. The results from trus study were as follows : 1.Following tensional force, periodontal ligament showed elongation of fibers, compression and congestion of vessels and regional hemorrhage. These tissue changes were recovered within 3 days of force application. New bone formation was seen after 3 days of force application and continued for the remaining experimental periods. 2.Following tensional force, VEGF and VEGF mRNA expression was increased in the periodontal ligament cells, osteoblasts and cementoblasts. This change was followed by increased vasculature in the periodontal ligament. 3.After 3 days of tensional force, VEGF and VEGF mRNA expression was confined mainly to the osteopaths and the periodontal ligament cells adjacent to the alveolar bone. After 2 weeks of force application, VEGF and VEGF mRNA expression was reduced to the level of control sample. 4.VEGFRs(Flt-1, Flk-1) showed similar expression pattern and it's expression was mainly seen in the endothelial cells and osteoblasts. Following tensional force VEGFR expression was increased in the endothelial cells and osteoblasts. In conclusion, in the tension side of the periodontal ligament, ligament cells, osteoblast and cementoblast showed increased expression of VEGF & VEGF mRNA. It preceded the increase of vasculature and new bone formation. The increased expression of VEGF mRNA in cementoblast may induce periodontal vessels, which distribute mainly the bone side half of periodontal ligament, group in the direction of tensional force. Increased expression of VEGFR & VEGFR mRNA not only in endothelial cell but in osteoblast, osteocyte and periodontal cells showed VEGF acts not only in paracrine manner but in autocrine one.