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Sarzi, Marc,Shields, Joseph C.,Schawinski, Kevin,Jeong, Hyunjin,Shapiro, Kristen,Bacon, Roland,Bureau, Martin,Cappellari, Michele,Davies, Roger L.,Tim de Zeeuw, P.,Emsellem, Eric,Falcó,n-Barroso Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.402 No.4
<P>ABSTRACT</P><P>Following our study on the incidence, morphology and kinematics of the ionized gas in early-type galaxies, we now address the question of what is powering the observed nebular emission. To constrain the likely sources of gas excitation, we resort to a variety of ancillary data we draw from complementary information on the gas kinematics, stellar populations and galactic potential from the <SMALL>SAURON</SMALL> data, and use the <SMALL>SAURON</SMALL>-specific diagnostic diagram juxtaposing the [O <SMALL>III</SMALL>]λ5007/Hβ and [N <SMALL>I</SMALL>]λλ5197, 5200/Hβ line ratios. We find a tight correlation between the stellar surface brightness and the flux of the Hβ recombination line across our sample, which points to a diffuse and old stellar source as the main contributor of ionizing photons in early-type galaxies, with post-asymptotic giant branch (pAGB) stars being still the best candidate based on ionizing balance arguments. The role of AGN photoionization is confined to the central 2–3 arcsec of an handful of objects with radio or X-ray cores. OB-stars are the dominant source of photoionization in 10 per cent of the <SMALL>SAURON</SMALL> sample, whereas for another 10 per cent the intense and highly ionized emission is powered by the pAGB population associated to a recently formed stellar subcomponent. Fast shocks are not an important source of ionization for the diffuse nebular emission of early-type galaxies since the required shock velocities can hardly be attained in the potential of our sample galaxies. Finally, in the most massive and slowly or non-rotating galaxies in our sample, which can retain a massive X-ray halo, the finding of a spatial correlation between the hot and warm phases of the interstellar medium (ISM) suggests that the interaction with the hot ISM provides an additional source of ionization besides old ultraviolet-bright stars. This is also supported by a distinct pattern towards lower values of the [O <SMALL>III</SMALL>]/Hβ ratio. These results lead us to investigate the relative role of stellar and AGN photoionization in explaining the ionized gas emission observed in early-type galaxies by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). By simulating how our sample galaxies would appear if placed at further distance and targeted by the SDSS, we conclude that only in very few, if any, of the SDSS galaxies which display modest values for the equivalent width of the [O <SMALL>III</SMALL>] line (less than ∼2.4 Å) and low-ionization nuclear emission-line region like [O <SMALL>III</SMALL>]/Hβ values the nebular emission is truly powered by an AGN.</P>
Challenges and Opportunities for Occupational Therapy in Big Data Research
Ickpyo Hong,Meredith F. Shields,Mi Jung Lee,Riqiea Kitchens,Karen Ratcliff,Timothy A. Reistetter 대한작업치료학회 2019 대한작업치료학회지 Vol.27 No.5
The advance of information technology with governmental support allows researchers to utilize big data to conduct rigorous rehabilitation-related studies in both the United States and Korea. While big data research has been actively conducted in the United States, few Korean rehabilitation scientists currently conduct big data research. In this paper, we discuss the existing rehabilitation-related big data in Korea and introduce the current big data research trends in the United States. In addition, we provide potential research areas by discussing the previous big data studies in the United States, including 1) functional outcomes, 2) geographical variation, 3) linkage of a population-based cohort to hospital data, 4) cross-national comparison, and 5) scale development. We also discuss various statistical methods required in big data research and compare how these methods differ compared to the traditional research methods in rehabilitation research. Lastly, we discuss the importance of workforce development in rehabilitation-related big data research. We hope this paper will provide occupational therapy scientists and clinicians with practical and useful information about big data research and accelerate big data rehabilitation research communities in Korea.
Challenges and Opportunities for Occupational Therapy in Big Data Research
홍익표,Meredith F. Shields,Mi Jung Lee,Riqiea Kitchens,Karen Ratcliff,Timothy A. Reistetter,홍익표 대한작업치료학회 2019 대한작업치료학회지 Vol.27 No.4
The advance of information technology with governmental support allows researchers to utilize big data to conductrigorous rehabilitation-related studies in both the United States and Korea. While big data research has beenactively conducted in the United States, few Korean rehabilitation scientists currently conduct big data research. Inthis paper, we discuss the existing rehabilitation-related big data in Korea and introduce the current big dataresearch trends in the United States. In addition, we provide potential research areas by discussing the previousbig data studies in the United States, including 1) functional outcomes, 2) geographical variation, 3) linkage of apopulation-based cohort to hospital data, 4) cross-national comparison, and 5) scale development. We also discussvarious statistical methods required in big data research and compare how these methods differ compared to thetraditional research methods in rehabilitation research. Lastly, we discuss the importance of workforce developmentin rehabilitation-related big data research. We hope this paper will provide occupational therapy scientists andclinicians with practical and useful information about big data research and accelerate big data rehabilitationresearch communities in Korea.
( Johannes F. Plate ),( John S. Shields ),( Maxwell K. Langfitt ),( Michael P. Bolognesi ),( Jason E. Lang ),( Thorsten M. Seyler ) 대한고관절학회 2017 Hip and Pelvis Vol.29 No.4
Purpose: The Paprosky classification system of acetabular defects is complex and its reliability has been questioned. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different radiologic imaging modalities in classifying acetabular defects in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) and their value of at different levels of training. Materials and Methods: Bone defects in 8 revision THAs were classified by 2 fellowship-trained adult reconstruction surgeons. A timed presentation with representative images for each case (X-ray, two-dimensional computed tomography [CT] and three-dimensional [3D] reconstructions) was shown to 35 residents from the first postgraduate year of training year of training (PGY-1 to PGY-5), 2 adult reconstruction fellows and 2 attending orthopaedic surgeons. The Paprosky classification of bone defects was recorded. The influence of image modality and level of training on classification were analyzed using chi-square analysis (alpha=0.05). Results: Overall correct classification was 30%. The level of training had no influence on correct classification (P=0.531). Using X-ray led to 37% correctly identified defects, CT scans to 33% and 3D reconstructions to 20% of correct answers (P<0.001). There was no difference in correct classification based defect type (P<0.001). Regardless of level of training or imaging, 64% of observers recognized type 1 defects, compared to only 16% correct recognition of type 3B defects. Conclusion: Using plain X-rays led to an increased number of correct classification, while regular CT scan and 3D CT reconstructions did not improve accuracy. The classification system of acetabular defects can be used for treatment decisions; however, advanced imaging may not improve its utilization.
( S. Roger Park ),( Nathan Tomasini ),( Edgar W. Shields Jr ) 체육과학연구원 2010 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.22 No.1
In July of 2006, the number of NCAA Division I-A head coaches was 4.2% of the collegiate football population. While the lack of hiring minority head coaches is evident in almost all of collegiate sport, the primary focus has been on football. This study examinedthe issue from the perspective of the ACC football student-athlete, and their perceptions relative to the coaching profession. African-American (68.6%) and Caucasians (67.6%) had an equivalent interest in coaching, with most wanting to coach at the high school level. Main findings suggest that while most African-American student-athletes believe there are few members of their race in coaching, they also believe there is sufficient opportunity. This finding may be due to Division I-A teams averaging 45.0% African-American players, whereas the schools in this sample averaged 58.1%, and had 24.1% African-American assistant coaches.