OIL 의 반추위내 주입에 대한 면양의 대사적 반응

송만강,최성호,황재식 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

본 시험은 지방산 조성이 서로 다른 3종류의 oil(채종유, rapeseed oil, RSO ; 대두유, soybean oil, SBO 및 혼합어유. mixed fish oil, MFO)의 반추위 내 semicontinuous infusion 방법에 의한 주입이 사료의 반추위 내 분해율, 발효성상, 전장소화율, 소화기관 내지방산 소실률 및 혈장 내 지방산 조성에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 사료 섭취량(1.5㎏/일, 농후사료 60% + 조사료 40%, 급여상태 기준)의 4% 수준에 해당되는 각각의 oil 60g을 peristaltic pump로 매일 2회에 걸쳐 반추위에 5시간씩 연속으로 주입하였다. 본 시험은 3두의 면양을 이용하여 3종류의 oil 주입효과를 주입하지 않은 처리(대조구)와 비교하고자 3×4 Incomplete Latin square 방법으로 총 4 period에 걸쳐 실시되었다. 조사된 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 사료급여 후 1시간에 채취한 반추위액의 pH는 oil을 주입한 면양에서 대조구(control)에 비해 높았으나(P<0.01) 사료급여 3시간에서부터 채취한 위액의 pH는 처리간 차이가 없었다. 사료급여 30분 전에 채취한 반추위액의 암모니아 농도는 다른 처리구 보다 혼합 어유(MFO)를 주입한 면양에서 현저히 높았으며(P<0.05) 사료급여 후 1시간에도 다른 oil 주입구에 비해 혼합 어유 주입구가 대조구와 함께 높았다(P<0.05). 또한 사료 급여 후 3시간과 5시간에서는 대조구에 비해 oil를 주입한 면양에서 현저히 낮았다(P<0.01). 다른 처리구에 비하여 혼합 어유의 주입은 전체 채취 시간에 걸칙 반추위액의 C₂ 및 C₄ 비율을 현저히(P<0.05 또는 P<0.01) 감소시킨 반면 C₃ 비율을 증가시켰다(P<0.05 또는 P<0.01). 사료내 건물(DM), NDF 및 유기물(OM)의 유효 분해율은 대조구에 비하여 oil의 주입으로 감소되었으나(P<0.05) 조단백질(CP)과 조지방(EE)의 유효 분해율은 oil의 주입에 의한 영향을 크게 받지 않았다. 건물, NDF 및 유기물의 전장 소화율은 oil을 주입한 면양에서 감소하였으나<0.05), 조단백질의 전장 소화율은 oil의 주입에 의한 영향을 받지 않았다. 그러나 조지방의 전장소화율은 oil 주입구에서 현저히 증가되었다(P<0.01). 채종유 및 대두유 주입구에서는 하루에 배설된 C_(18:0) 량이 유입된 량을 다소 초과한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 채종유 및 대두유에 비하여 혼합 어유를 주입한 면양에서 C_(18)-USFA을 제외한 총 지방산과 각 지방산의 소실률이 높았다(P<0.05). 지방산의 경우 사료 급여 1시간 전에 채종유 빛 대두유의 주입으로 C_(18:0)(P<0.01), C_(l8:1)(P<0.05), C_(18:2)(P<0.01) 및 C_(18:3) (P<0.05)의 농도가 증가되었으며, 급여 후 3시간에서도 C_(18:0)(P<0.01), C_(18:1)(P<0.01), C_(18:2)(P<0.05) 및 C_(18:3)(P<0.05)의 농도가 증가되었다. 혼합 어유의 주입은 다른 종류의 oil 주입구에 비하여 혈장 내 C_(22:6)의 농도를 증가시켰다(P<0.05). 그 밖의 지방산 농도 역시 oil의 주입으로 증가된 경향이었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. A metabolic study was conducted with three ruminally fistulated Corriedale sheep to examine the effect of oil infusion into the rumen on fermentation characteristics and degradation of diet in the rumen, whole tract digestibility and plasma fatty acid composition. The sheep were alloted to 3 × 4 Incomplete Latin square design for the 3 different oils(rape seed oil, RSO; soybean oil, SBO and mixed fish oil, MFO) and control. Total 60 grams of each oil which was 4% level of daily intake(1.5㎏, as fed basis) of diet consisting of 60% concentrate and 40% rice straw(DM basis) were continuously infused into the rumen twice daily, 5hrs each, using peristaltic pump. Ruminal pH was higher(P<0.01) for the oil infused treatments than for the control at 1h post feeding, but were not affected thereafter. Ruminal ammonia concentration was increased(P<0.05) by MFO infusion at the 30 min. prior to feeding compared to that by infusion of other oils and control. Similar results were observed from MFO infusion and control at the 1h post feeding. Infusion of oils decreased (P<0.01) the ruminal ammonia concentration at 3 and 5h post feeding compared to control. Infusion of MFO decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01) molar percents of acetic acid(C₂) and butyric acid(C₄) while increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01) the molar percent of propionic acid(C₃) in the rumen fluid at various sampling times compared to the control and the infusion of RSO and SBO, but there were no differences in the other VFA's among treatments. The expected degradability(ED) of DM, neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and organic matter(OM) were reduced by oil infusion compared to those of control while the ED's of crude protein(CP) and ether extracts(EE) of diet were not affected by oil infusion. Infusion of oils reduced(P<0.05) whole tract digestibilities of DM, NDF and OM of the mixed diet in the sheep, but that of CP was not affected. Higher(P<0.01) whole tract digestibility of EE was observed by oil infusion. Daily excretion of C_(18:0) slightly exceeded the intakes from the diet and oil infusion for the sheep infused RSO and SBO. A greater(P<0.05) disappearance of fatty acids excluding C_(18)-unsaturated fatty acids in the digestive tract of the sheep was observed from the MFO infused sheep than those from the other oil infusions. Infusions of RSO and SBO into the rumen of sheep increased the concentrations of C_(18:0)(P<0.01), C_(18:1)(P<0.05), C_(18:2)(P<0.01) and C_(18:3)(P<0.05) at 1h prior to feeding, and C_(18:0)(P<0.01), C_(18:1)(P<0.01), C_(18:2)(P<0.05) and C_(18:3)(P<0.05) at 3h post feeding in the plasma. Infusion of MFO increased(P<0.05) the concentration of plasma C_(22:6) compared to those of other treatments. Similar trends were observed for the other fatty acids by infusion of oils compared to the control, but their differences were small.

Huang Zongxi and Transformation of the Ethics of Economics during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

( Huang Dun-bing ) 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2013 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.0 No.20

黃宗羲從“人各自私自利”的新人性論出發, 視萬民之利爲“公利”, 爲萬民自有權利和權益辯護;從是否“切於民用”的角度, 重新判分“本末之辨”, 主張“工商皆本”, 重整了四民價値秩序。黃宗羲的經濟倫理思想是“新民本”型的經濟倫理思想, 它包涵的“以民生起見”的民生觀, 是“崇公”的價値理想在新的經濟形態下的運用, 涵藏著近代性的根芽, 代表著中國哲學從古典形態向近代形態的轉向, 對於我們今天的稅費制改革、減輕農民負擔、構建和諧社會等諸多方面和多個領域, 都有著重要的啟示意義。 Based on the new premise of human nature that “every person is self-interested,” Huang Zongxi viewed “profit of ten thousand men” as the “common good” or “public interest.” Moreover, by adopting a utilitarian perspective, he renewed the “means and ends,” thereby re-arranging the traditional social stratum that engineers and merchants go on top of officials and farmers. Huang’s ethical theories on economics can be regarded as the “new citizen-centered type” advocating “arising from the grassroots” doctrine. Emphasis on the public interest contains in itself the seed of modernization, propelling the transition from the ancient to modern political and economic frameworks. Huang’s economic ethics may throw some light on today’s urgent issues, such as tax reform, relieving farmer’s economic burdens, and social polarization. [Article in Chinese]

Indoor feeding combined with restricted grazing time improves body health, slaughter performance, and meat quality in Huang-huai sheep

Huang Yafeng,Zhao Mengyu,Zhang Xiaoan,Wei Huiqing,Liu Lumeng,Zhang Zi Jun,Cheng Xiao,Wang Guanjun,Ren Chunhuan 아세아·태평양축산학회 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.11

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three feeding systems, i.e., indoor feeding (CON), indoor feeding with 4-h daily access to grazing artificial pasture (ITGP), and indoor feeding with 8-h daily access to grazing artificial pasture (IEGP), on the plasma antioxidant and immunological capacity, slaughter characteristics, meat quality and economic efficiency of Huang-huai lambs. Methods: Thirty-three healthy Huang-huai rams with similar body weight (approximately 5 mo of age, 28.96±1.01 kg) were assigned equally to three experimental groups. When finished fattening, six lambs from each group were collect blood samples for plasma analyses and then slaughtered to determine slaughter characteristics and obtain biceps brachii muscle for further analysis of meat quality and fatty acid profile. Results: Compared to CON group, animals submitted to ITGP and IEGP groups resulted in greater contents of serum glutathione peroxidase, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-6 PUFA, and PUFA/saturated fatty acid (FA) ratio and lower palmitic /oleic acid ratio (p<0.05). Moreover, animals in ITGP group exhibited a higher (p<0.05) loin eye area, content of meat crude protein (CP), and eicosetrienoic acid compared to CON group, while slaughter performance was superior (p<0.05) to that of the IEGP group. The economic efficiency of ITGP group was 70.12% higher than that of CON group, while the IEGP group exhibited a decrease of 92.54% in economic efficiency compared to the CON group. Conclusion: Restricted grazing time combined with indoor feeding was more effective in conferring superior body health, carcass traits and economic efficiency in Huang-huai lambs, as well as higher CP content and healthier FA composition in the resulting meat.

Huang-Lin Error Correcting Code and the circuit

Bingshan Lin,Yuanshan Huang,Zhongquan Ren 대한전자공학회 1995 International Conference on Electronics, Informati Vol.1995 No.8

Huang-Lin Error Correcting Code and the Circuit

Bing Shan Lin,Yuan Shan Huang,Zheng Quan Ren 대한전자공학회 1995 ICEIC:International Conference on Electronics, Inf Vol.1 No.1

COMPLETELY GENERALIZED MILDLY NONLINEAR COMPLEMENTARITY PROBLEMS FOR FUZZY MAPPINGS

Huang, Nan-Jing,Zhang, Wen-Bin 한국전산응용수학회 1997 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.4 No.2

In this paper we introduce and study a new class of completely generalized mildly nonlinear complementarity problems for fuzzy mappings and construct some new iterative algorithms. We also show the existence of solution and the convergence of iterative sequences generated by the algorithm. Our results extend some recent results of Noor, Chang and huang.

A global unique solvability of entropic weak solution to the one-dimensional pressureless Euler system with a flocking dissipation

Ha, S.Y.,Huang, F.,Wang, Y. Academic Press 2014 Journal of differential equations Vol.257 No.5

We present a unique global solvability and flocking estimate of an entropic weak solution to the one-dimensional pressureless Euler system with a flocking dissipation in all-to-all coupling setting. This model appears naturally as a quasi-equilibrium model for hydrodynamic description of Cucker-Smale flocking. For the unique global solvability, we adopt the variation approach from Ding and Huang's work [19] on the inhomogeneous pressureless gas dynamic model. When initial mass and velocity are locally integrable and bounded measurable functions, respectively, we give explicit representations for the global entropic weak solutions. Our results do not require any smallness of initial data except that initial mass density is almost everywhere positive.

Carbon disulfide induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in Sertoli-germ cells coculture

Wei Wang,Zhen Zhang,Yinsheng Guo,Yu Dong,Xiaoyu Huang1,Yijun Zhou,Guoyuan Chen 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2015 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.11 No.2

Carbon disulfide (CS2), a common organic solvent, induces a variety of adverse effects in the male reproductive system. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity, ultrastructural changes, and potential apoptotic induction mechanisms of CS2 in mixed cultures of Sertoli and germ cells. Sertoli and germ cells were cocultured and treated with CS2 for 24 h. Growth rates were noted, and apoptotic cells were identified by Hoechst 33258 staining. Ultrastructure changes were observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mitochondrial membrane potential and expressions of apoptosis-related factors (cytochrome c, Bax, Bcl- 2, caspase-3 and caspase-9) were examined by JC-1 staining, western blot, and real-time PCR. The results showed that CS2 treatment was associated with reduced growth rates of Sertoli-germ cells. Ultrastructure changes in Sertoli-germ cells treated with CS2 were typical of apoptosis. In addition, CS2 treatment depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulated Bax levels and downregulated Bcl-2 levels, released cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space to the cytosol, and triggered mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Subsequently, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were activated, resulting in Sertoli-germ cells apoptosis. The above data suggest that CS2 has adverse effect on the viability of Sertoli-germ cells and induces apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway.

Further on HUANG Zong-xi’s Conception of Philosophical History in Ming Dynasty

( Huang Dunbing ),( Lei Haiyan ) 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2008 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.0 No.9

《明儒學案》是深具中國特質的學案體斷代哲學史, 在“中國哲學史學”的歷史上有着重要的里程碑意義。其中“道非一家之私”、“聖賢血脈散諸百家”、“殊途百慮”等精彩的哲學史觀, 已經吐露出了近代學術平等與學術民主的思想霞光。整部著作以儒學爲大本, 以心學爲主線, 淸晳地勾勒了有明一代儒家哲學發展的脈絡, 體現了“功夫著到”與“竭其心之万殊”的知性認識與理性闡發的過程。對此的揭示, 不僅有着哲學史學的意義, 更可由此上探黃宗羲的學統重建的努力及其具有經世品格的政治倫理思考。 Ming-ru Xue-an is the philosophical history for the Ming Dynasty, which embodies Chinese nature and has great contribution to the history of Chinese history’s study. In this book, “Tao is not owned by one school or somebody”, “Sage’s spirit is scattered into schools”, “thinking through many ways” etc. such splendid viewpoints bring forth academic equality and democracy of modern times. By the famous work, HUANG Zong-xi created the Ming-philosophical-history development process, which poached in a way that Confucius is the main-stone, ideology is the main-steam. Such framework shows scholars reason spirit in their efforts, so-called “to take on”, “to disclose the different aspects of minds”. All these purchase, not only means much to the philosophical history study, but shows us another way to analyze HUANG Zong-xi’s political-ethical thoughts about reconstruction of the Scholar-orthodoxy etc. [Article in Chinese]

Huang Tsung-his and the Reconstruting of the Viewpoints of Moral Courage in Ming-Qing Dynasties

( Huang Dun-bing ) 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2011 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.0 No.15

身處“壁立万仞, 止爭一線”的明淸鼎革之際, 黃宗羲力圖從亡國之由的追問出發, 批評士人階層中彌漫的“市井之氣”、“鄕愿”之學, 及晩明以來士人不自振拔、逃?等“風節委地”之士風, 從而進行士節之重建的倫理學考量。尤其對于作爲遺民的士人, 爲故國盡死節幷非唯一選擇, 其應然的應世方式是“持子陵之風節”, 傲活人世, 竭力著述, “抱道不仕”新朝, 在維系“淸氣”、“扶植善類”方面做出應有貢獻。 At the turn-point of Qing Dynasty destroyed Ming Dynasty, which named as the time “just like 10000 miles mountains are shaking to the ground when they are supported only by a thread”. From questions of the reasons the Ming-dynasty’s perish, Huang Tsung-hsi criticized that the intellectual sprits had fallen, the politics had rotted and people had despaired. He thought that a pre-dynasty intellectual should not take the death for pre-Ming dynasty as the only road to show their respects, they should take Yan Zi-ling as their moral model, live proudly, and write foreseeing works to educate good moral courage and such kinds of intellectuals. [Article in Chinese]