<부록> 『예수셩교문답』 (1885년 판본) 전문

John Ross 한국교회사학회 2023 韓國敎會史學會誌 Vol.66 No.-

소련의 지방자치 : 집행 및 통제상의 문제 Problem of Implementation and Control

Ross, Cameron 연세대학교 도시문제연구소 1991 地域社會開發論叢 Vol.2 No.-

Cameron Ross, Local Government in the Soviet Union: Problems of Implementation and control, Croom Helm, London & Sydney, 1987.

로스 킹(Ross King) - 서울: 기억, 재탄생, 한류 -

로스 킹(Ross King),최성진(Sung Jin Choi) 국토연구원 2016 국토 : planning and policy Vol.418 No.-

A CULTURALAND SOCIALIZATION UNDERSTANDING OF CONSUMER SHOPPING MOTIVES IN THE CREATION OF STORE ATTACHMENT

Jong-Kuk Shin,MinKyung Moon,Min-Sook Park,Corey Allen Ross,Yong Ju 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2017 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2017 No.07

Socialization agents are an important aspect of a consumer's tool set for determining how they interact with the market environment. These agents are traditionally thought to be members of one's family, peers, and mass media (Bush, Smith, and Martin 1999; John 1999). Research as shown how socialization agents play an important role in marketing research and how they affect attitude formation (Shin, Ross, and Moon, 2015) and brand/store switching behaviors (Shin, Park, and Ross, 2012). Culture defines social norms and forms what are acceptable or even desirable consumption goods within a society (Kaltcheva and Weitz, 2006). Through this definition, one can assume that culture likely has significant influences on a consumer’s shopping motives. Previous researches have attempted to divide culture into dimensions of vertical/horizontal and collectivism/individualism; where vertical individualism is made up of individuals who attempt to stand out from others in their uniqueness via competitive natures, a focus on success and achievements, and acquisition of power; horizontal individualism consists of individuals who tend to shun successful people as boasters and consider values of modesty respectable while retaining their individuality and personal goals apart from comparing to others around them; vertical collectivists are those who recognize a hierarchal form of society and seek to maintain the consistency of traditional authority structures within it; and horizontal collectivists hold views less related to hierarchal recognition and more related to values of equal cooperation with an honest and direct demeanor (Shavitt, Lalwani, Zhang, and Torelli, 2006; Kurman and Sriram, 2002; Triandris and Gelfland, 1998). However, the operational items utilized in research surveys, while successful in the west, such as in the U.S., have struggled to stand out and show significance in the Korean society. This research attempts to provide more useful survey items that embrace each aspect of culture type more clearly in order to reach levels of significance and distinction that are sorely needed in this field. In South Korea, which is thought to be a predominantly collectivist culture (Hofstede, 2001; Rhee, Uleman, and Lee, 1996), a study of discount shoppers found they are inclined to shop for the purpose of socialization either because they enjoy being in a crowd or to compare their current social status level with other shoppers in the same store (Jin and Kim, 2003). Collectivist consumers tend to shop with others among their social circles and spend more time shopping (Ackerman and Tellis, 2001). Consumers that spend more time shopping are more proactive in obtaining information while they are shopping (Bellenger and Korgaonkar, 1980). Risk averse shoppers attempt to increase their market knowledge (Mano and Elliott, 1997), and collectivists are thought to be more risk averse and attempt to avoid risk through various methods, such as price signaling (Shannon and Mandhachitara, 2008). In China, a largely collectivist society, consumers are quite price conscious and focused on thrifty spending habits (Kim, Forsythe, Gu, and Moon, 2002; Zhang, 2001; Weidenbaum, 1996), and they are more likely to engage in obtaining product information during shopping ventures than their individualist American counterparts (Ackerman and Tellis, 2001). Jin and Kim (2003) suggested that Korean shoppers are socially motivated to shop in order to compare their levels of accomplishments with other shoppers in the same venues. This falls in line with a competitive nature distinct in vertical culture types. Verticality in culture values is related to competition and moving up the social latter, while horizontal cultural values denote a more cooperative and passive stance on standing out (Triandis and Gelfand, 1998). It seems logical to assume that vertical culture values tend toward more hedonistic values rather than utilitarian. Utilitarian shoppers are more concerned about price competitiveness and convenience when shopping (Jin and Kim, 2003), implying that individuals of a horizontal cultural nature are more concerned with price comparison and the places that conveniently provide them with information needed to make purchase decisions in the store rather than through external information search, such as through social interactions. When shoppers lack socialization agents or collective cultures to help them make purchase decisions, they must turn to the stores themselves for assistance and information acquisition. Studies have shown that a lack of social interaction creates feelings of loneliness in elderly shoppers, whom will then turn to various mall shopping motivations, such as service consumption and diversion, in order to alleviate their loneliness (Kim, Kang, and Kim, 2005). This suggests that the shopping motivation to interact with service personnel in stores acts as a substitute for situations where socialization agents are lacking. Shopping malls have been shown to be help mitigate feelings of social isolation and emotional disconnect from society (Forman and Sriram, 1991; Mochis, 1996; Kang and Ridgway, 1996). As collectivists tend to highly desire social interactions for a variety of reasons, it is quite likely that such interactions will be a driving factor for their motivation to shop, especially when they lack the appropriate socialization agents that will provide the means to give such interactions outside of the market. Customer satisfaction leads customers to stronger emotional attachments to the stores they are satisfied with, implying that individuals form social bonds with the stores themselves; and this, in turn, increases the likelihood of these individuals becoming regular patrons (Shin and Park, 2014). There are a variety of shopping motives that have been used for studies in previous researches. In this research, we take a look at the motivations of social interaction (Tauber, 1972), information seeking (Bellenger and Korgaonkar, 1980), and price comparison (Groeppel-Klein, Thelen, and Antretter, 1999), and how they are affected by socialization agents, both personal and non-personal, as well as culture type and how they influence an individual's likelihood of emotional attachment to stores.

From Information to Knowledge: The Information Literacy Conundrum

Ross J. Todd 한국문헌정보학회 2010 한국문헌정보학회지 Vol.44 No.4

The fusion of learning, information, and technology presents dynamic challenges for all librarians, educators and students in 21st century libraries and schools. At the heart of this fusion is the growth of a pervasive, integrated information environment characterized by vast quantities of digital content, open choice, collaborative and participatory digital spaces, and the transition of the web environments from consumption of information to creation of information. This environment heralds important opportunities for librarians and teachers to rethink, re-imagine and recreate a dynamic approaches to information literacy instruction. Drawing on an extensive body of research undertaken through the Center for International Scholarship in School Libraries (CISSL), and published research on both information literacy and constructivist learning, this paper provides a critical examination of the current status of information literacy: its multiple conceptualizations, competing models, viewpoints, and its operationalizations in educational and library environments. The paper will challenge information literacy practices which center on simplistic, reductionist approaches to information literacy development, and the separation of information process and knowledge content. In particular it will address apparent contradictions in espoused conceptions of information literacy which revolve around “knowledge”: knowledge construction, critical thinking, problem solving and the development of knowledgeable people; and information literacy practices which revolve around “information”: a predominant focus on skills of access and evaluation of resources and with less attention given to engaging with found information to develop deep knowledge and understanding. The paper will present a series of challenges for moving forward with information literacy agendas in libraries and schools. 

Western Protestant Missionaries and the Origins of Korean Language Modernization

Ross King 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2004 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.11 No.3

  In this paper, I challenge the idea prevalent among Korean scholars of the history of Korean linguistics and language reforms that Western missionaries" linguistic research from the 1880s to 1910 had no tangible or lasting effect on the work of Korean scholars and language reforms. In particular, I examine the "missionary spelling debate of 1902-1906" and its relationship to Korea"s first official attempts at orthographic reform and language modernization: the Kungmun Y?n"guso(National Script Research Institute, 1907-1909) and the first official Japanese colonial orthography for Korean of 1912. In both cases, the shadow of James Scarth Gale and the earlier missionary debate hangs heavy over the policy recommendations of the Korean reformers.

CANDU 원자로에서의 Co-60 생산

Ross Michel,Lemire Christian 한국원자력산업회의 2002 원자력산업 Vol.22 No.6

THE KUGYŎL GLOSSES IN THE ASAMI COLLECTION COPY OF THE CH’ŎLLO KŬMGANG KYŎNG 川老金剛經

ROSS KING 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2013 Acta Koreana Vol.16 No.1

This paper analyzes the kugyŏl 口訣 glosses in the Asami Collection copy of the Ch’ŏllo Kŭmgang kyŏng 川老金剛經 owned by the University of California-Berkeley. Though the text itself was printed in 1387 at the end of Koryŏ, making it the oldest glossed Korean text available in North America, the analysis shows that the vast majority of the glosses were copied over from the 1464 Kŭmgang kyŏng ŏnhae 金剛經諺解 and the 1482 Kŭmgang kyŏng samgahae 金剛經三家解. However, the glosses also include a few archaisms, show interesting hybrid glosses that combine abbreviated Chinese character kugyŏl graphs and Hunmin chŏng’ŭm glosses, and include instances of ‘final sound suffixation’ (marŭm ch’ŏmgi 末音添 記)-type glossing and other vernacular script annotations in the lefthand margin that raise interesting questions about the transition from high Koryŏ ‘interpretive’ glossing (釋讀口訣 sŏktok kugyŏl) to Chosŏn ‘sequential’ glossing (順讀口訣 sundok kugyŏl) and the role of the new Korean vernacular script as an extension of kugyŏl glossing practice. In other words, it would appear that after the demise of the older ‘interpretive’ glossing at the end of Koryŏ that used both sides of the line in an integrated process, the lefthand side of the line was more or less abandoned for many decades with the advent of the newer ‘sequential’ glossing that used only the righthand side of the line. However, with the invention of the vernacular script in 1446, a new use was found for the lefthand side of the line: vernacular glosses that complemented the newer-style 順讀口訣 sundok kugyŏl glosses on the righthand side of the line and partially reprised the role of the now-defunct ‘interpretive’ glossing in a new, ‘two-dimensional’ glossing practice.

Part 1. Naval Balance In Northeast Asia : The Changing Maritime Security Equation in the North Pacific -Chapter 1

( Ross Babbage ) 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 1990 East and West Studies Series Vol.15 No.-

Blagoslovennoe: Korean Village on the Amur, 1871-1937

Ross King The Academy of Korean Studies 2001 THE REVIEW OF KOREAN STUDIES Vol.4 No.2