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20세기 초 러시아 동방학원의 한국어 학습서「조선어독학(朝鮮語獨學)」에 대하여
김동언(Dong Un Kim),로스 킹(Ross King) 한국어학회 2011 한국어학 Vol.50 No.-
This article introduces Razbor iaponskogo samouchitelia Koreiskogo iazyka "Tsioosengo dokugaku" [Analysis of the Japanese self-instruction manual in Korean language, Chosengo dokugoku] (1908), a Korean-language teaching aid prepared in Russian by G. Iashchinskii, a student at the Vostochnyi Institut (Oriental Institute) in Vladivostok, on the basis of an (as-yet) unidentified Japanese-language Korean textbook and lectures based on this textbook given by G. V. Podstavin, Professor of Korean Philology at the Institute. The article examines the Cyrillic notation system used to transcribe Korean forms in the manual, and analyzes features of the phonetics, phonology, orthography, grammar and lexicon of this rare textbook for the light it sheds on a form of colloquial Korean spoken at the turn of the last century. The work is unusual for this period in that it records conversational Korean in both Korean script and Cyrillic transcription accompanied by Russian-language translations. The conversations provide a useful glimpse into daily life at the time, including even prices for certain kinds of merchandise. Most of the conversations and example sentences are short and simple, as expected of a language manual for beginners, The Cyrillic renditions serve more as transliterations than as narrow phonetic transcriptions, but nevertheless serve as a generally accurate pronunciation guide, We can confirm initial n-loss, consonant assimilation, and palatalization from the Korean script spellings. Unlike some other Russian-language materials of the period, this work treats ``ㅈ, ㅊ`` as palatalized; another interesting feature is that ``ㅚ`` after ``ㄷ`` is rendered as ``З`` instead of ``ой``. The textbook yields a number of interesting lexical items, mostly in the sphere of Sino-Korean vocabulary, while some adverbs like ``여간`` and ``전혀`` behave differently from contemporary Korean in that they do not require a negative verb. Because the book consists of dialogues, most of the final endings are either well-known declaratives or interrogatives, but the forms in ``-ㅂ더닛가/-습더닛가`` are unusual. We also find ``-아, -지`` used in a variety of moods, and polite declarative ``-지요``--otherwise difficult to encounter even in other textbooks of the period--appears rather frequently.
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