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정신분석에 의한 정신증 상태의 치료에 대하여 : 역사적인 접근 an historical approach
Rosenfeld, Herbert 圓光大學校 醫科大學 神經精神科學敎室 1998 圓光精神醫學 Vol.14 No.1
이 논문에서 나는 정신증에 대한 치료가 발달한 중요한 흐름을 보여주려고 하였다. Freud가, 정신증 환자들이 전이를 형성하지 않는다고 믿고, 정신증 환자의 분석을 비관적으로 생각한 이후, 정신증 환자의 치료에 대한 접근에는 두가지 흐름이 나타났다. 분석가가 자신의 일상적인 분석의 태도를 바꾸지 않는 한, 정신증 환자의 자기애는 분석에 절대적인 장애가 된다고 믿는 사람들이 있다. 정신증 환자의 자기애가 환경적인 잘못으로 생겼다고 믿는 분석가들은, 그 초기 환경의 결핍을 교정하기 위해, 분석가가 새롭고 더 나은 어머니가 되어주려고 한다. 이런 견해는 Clark, 초기의 Fromm-Reichmann, 후기의 Winnicott에서 보였다. Searles이 분석의 공생기에서, 분석가가 정신증 환자에 깊이 간여해야 한다고 하였을 때는 이런 입장과 매우 근접하였다. Waelder와 Jacobson도 자신들의 분석 태도를 변경하였다. 그들은 전이를 분석하지 않고, 분명한 긍정적인 전이를 유지하였고, 이것을 이용하여 환자의 자기애나 정신증을, 대상 리비도와 외부세계로 연결시켜 승화시켰다. Fedem도 비슷하게 긍정적인 전이를 촉진하고, 전이의 어떤 분석도 피하였다. 그러나 환자 인격의 정신증적인 부분을 억압하거나 떼어내도록, 환자를 훈련시켰던 것은, Waelder와 Jacobson과는 다르다. Searles와 후기의 Fromm-Reichmann은 부정적인 전이와 긍적적인 전이 모두를 분석한 점에서, 이 그룹의 다른 사람과는 다르다. 두 번째 그룹의 분석가들은, 환자의 자기애나 다른 정신증적인 표현들을 사소한 변화도 없이, 정통적인 정신분석 기법 그대로를 적용하여 다루려고 하였다. 그 처음은 Abraham이었는데, 그는 환자들의 자기애적인 방어가 해석으로 감소하는 것을 발견하였다. 다음에 Stem, Cohn, Stone과 Bullard가 정신증 환자의 긍정적인 전이와 부정적인 전이의 특징들을 기술하였고, 이것들을 말로 하는 전이 해석으로 분석할 수 있다고 느꼈다. Segal, Bion 그리고 Rosenfeld는, 분석가의 태도는 변하지 않으며, 기법에서만 약간의 변화가 있고, 정신증적인 현상이 전이와 연결되며, 긍정적인 전이와 부정적인 전이 모두에서 해석될 수 있다고 강조하였다. 그들은 정신분열증 환자의 심한 언어와 사고의 장애를 전적으로 해석으로 다루었고, 이런 어려움들이 부분적으로 내외의 현실과 대상들과의 잘못된 관계를 가진 정신증적인 자아의 장애인 것으로 보았다. 지난 50년간, 정신증의 치료에서의 발달은, 정신증에 대한 치료적인 접근이 가능할 것이라는 Freud의 예상이 맞았다는 것을 보여주고 있다.
Epigenetic Control of Stem Cell Fate to Neurons and Glia
김현정,Michael G. Rosenfeld 대한약학회 2010 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.33 No.10
How a cell fate is determined and how tremendously diverse cells are generated during development are interesting and intriguing questions to be solved before using the stem cells for therapeutic purpose. Recently, it has been suggested that epigenetic control by the histone modifying enzymes and non-coding RNAs play important roles in guiding stem cells to differentiate into neurons or glia. In this review, we discuss the recent outcomes and advances in understanding the histone modifying enzymes and non-coding RNAs during neural cell-type specification of stem cells.
( Rahul Kataria ),( Benjamin Rosenfeld ),( Zubair Malik ),( Martha Harrison ),( Michael S Smith ),( Ron Schey ),( Henry P Parkman ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2020 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.26 No.3
Background/Aims Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is characterized by intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus. The aims of this study are to: (1) Compare baseline distal esophageal impedance (DEI) using high-resolution esophageal manometry with impedance (HREMI) in patients with BE, esophagitis, and healthy volunteers and (2) Correlate length of low impedance on HREMI in patients with BE to the length of endoscopic BE. Methods Patients with BE or esophagitis who underwent HREMI were included. Ten volunteers had HREMI. Baseline DEI was calculated from HREMI using the landmark segment. In patients with BE, the impedance was plotted to measure the extent of plotted low impedance (PLI) and visual low impedance (VLI). Lengths of VLI and PLI were correlated to endoscopic length of BE by Prague score. Results Forty-five patients were included (16 BE; 19 esophagitis; 10 volunteers). BE patients had lower baseline DEI at the first, second, and third sensors above the lower esophageal sphincter (mean ± SEM: 1.37 ± 0.45, 0.97 ± 0.27, and 0.81 ± 0.20) compared to volunteers (8.73 ± 0.60, 8.20 ± 0.73, and 6.94 ± 0.99; P < 0.001). Baseline DEI was lower in BE than esophagitis patients (2.98 ± 0.65, 2.49 ± 0.56, and 2.01 ± 0.51) at the first, second, and third sensors (P < 0.052 for second and third sensors); ie, BE < esophagitis < controls. PLI and VLI had a stronger correlation to circumferential score (r2 = 0.84 and 0.83) than maximal score (r2 = 0.76 and 0.68). Conclusions Baseline DEI is lower in BE compared with esophagitis and healthy volunteers. The length of low impedance correlates to the endoscopic extent of BE. Thus, impedance values during HREMI may help suggest the presence and extent of BE or esophagitis. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020;26:344-351)
Combinatorial patterns of histone acetylations and methylations in the human genome
Wang, Zhibin,Zang, Chongzhi,Rosenfeld, Jeffrey A,Schones, Dustin E,Barski, Artem,Cuddapah, Suresh,Cui, Kairong,Roh, Tae-Young,Peng, Weiqun,Zhang, Michael Q,Zhao, Keji Nature Publishing Group 2008 Nature genetics Vol.40 No.7
Histones are characterized by numerous posttranslational modifications that influence gene transcription. However, because of the lack of global distribution data in higher eukaryotic systems, the extent to which gene-specific combinatorial patterns of histone modifications exist remains to be determined. Here, we report the patterns derived from the analysis of 39 histone modifications in human CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. Our data indicate that a large number of patterns are associated with promoters and enhancers. In particular, we identify a common modification module consisting of 17 modifications detected at 3,286 promoters. These modifications tend to colocalize in the genome and correlate with each other at an individual nucleosome level. Genes associated with this module tend to have higher expression, and addition of more modifications to this module is associated with further increased expression. Our data suggest that these histone modifications may act cooperatively to prepare chromatin for transcriptional activation.
Young-Sun Song,Michael E. Rosenfeld 한국식품영양과학회 2004 Journal of medicinal food Vol.7 No.2
It is well documented that hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. This study was designed to investigate whether some of atherosclerotic effects ascribed to HHcy are mediated by oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappa B (NFB) activation in peritoneal macrophages of C57BL/6 mice fed 2% methionine, low folate (1mg/kg) diet for 12 weeks. Plasma homocysteine concentration of mice fed methionine was 49 mol/L by 12 week of feeding, 5 times higher than that of controls. HHcy induced by methionine feeding significantly elevated oxidative stress, as measured by superoxide anion radical level (p<0.05) in peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, NFB binding activities of peritoneal macrophages was higher in the methionine group than in the control group. These results suggest that HHcy induced by methionine may intensify disturbances in peroxidation and inflammatory mediator activation in peritoneal macrophages as possible mechanisms of its atherogenic role.
송영선,조미경,조정원,Michael E. Rosenfeld 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.1
It is documented that hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, but whether elevated plasma homocysteine contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis in aged animals with hypercholesterolemia is still unknown. HHcy was induced in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice (male, 32 weeks old) by feeding 2% methionine/low folate (1 mg/kg) diet for 20 weeks. HHcy induced by methionine feeding significantly increased oxidative stress, as measured by thiobarbituric-reactive substances in livers (P < .05) and genetic expression of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, in methionine-fed animals compared with controls (P < .05). Furthermore, lipoprotein profiles were changed, in that low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was shifted to very low-density lipoprotein in the methionine-supplemented group. However, nuclear factor κB activity, atherosclerotic lesions, hepatic glutathione level, lipid profiles, and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were not significantly different. These findings suggest that HHcy induced by methionine may promote disturbances in lipid peroxidation and modify lipoprotein metabolism but not contribute to the progression of atherosclerotic lesion in aged ApoE knockout mice.
Effects of magnetic anisotropy and exchange in Tm2Fe17
Pirogov, A. N.,Bogdanov, S. G.,Rosenfeld, E. V.,Park, J. -G.,Choi, Y. N.,Lee, Seongsu,Prokeš,, K.,Golosova, N. O.,Sashin, I. L.,Kudrevatykh, N. V.,Skryabin, Yu. N.,Vokhmyanin, A. P. Pleiades Publishing 2012 Journal of experimental and theoretical physics Vol.115 No.5
1-부텐 저온 올리고머화 반응을 통한 장쇄 올레핀의 합성반응
김용태,( Joseph P. Chada ),( Zhuoran Xu ),( Yomaira J. Pagan-torres ),( Devon C. Rosenfeld ),( William L. Winniford ),( Eric Schmidt ),( George W. Huber ),전기원 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0
현재 북미지역은 셰일가스의 수압파쇄법의 발달로 인하여 풍부한 천연가스자원을 확보하고 있다. 셰일가스는 C1-C4 범위의 알칸을 함유하고 있으며 이는 다양한 화학산업에 원료로 사용될 수 있다. 올레핀(C2-C4)은 즉시 이용가능하고, 가격경제적이며, 쉽게 화학물질로 전환가능하여 화학산업에서 주요 building block으로 쓰이고 있다. 장쇄 올레핀은 산촉매를 사용한 C2-C4범위의 올레핀의 올리고머화 공정을 통하여 합성될 수 있다. 장쇄 올레핀 (C6-C30)은 폴리에틸렌 (40%), 알코올 (17%), 폴리알파올레핀 (12%), 플라스틱 (7%), 오일 (6%) 등에 사용할 수있다. 본 연구에서는, 제올라이트 (H-ferrierite)를 사용하여 1-부텐 올리고머화 반응을 진행하였다. Two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC-FID-MS)를 사용하여 200개 이상의 이성질체를 포함한 파라핀, 올레핀, 아로마틱, 나프텐, 나프탈린을 검출하였다. 표면에 카보양이온 화학적 성질을 갖는 촉매가 반응공정 변수에 따라서 선택적으로 작동할 수 있는지 (1) Mechanism, (2) Kinetic, (3) Stability 측면에서 살펴보았다.
Song, Young-Sun,Cho, Mi-Kyung,Cho, Chung-Won,Rosenfeld, Michael E. The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.1
It is documented that hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, but whether elevated plasma homocysteine contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis in aged animals with hypercholesterolemia is still unknown. HHcy was induced in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice (male, 32 weeks old) by feeding 2% methionine/low folate (1 mg/kg) diet for 20 weeks. HHcy induced by methionine feeding significantly increased oxidative stress, as measured by thiobarbituric-reactive substances in livers (P < .05) and genetic expression of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, in methionine-fed animals compared with controls (P < .05). Furthermore, lipoprotein profiles were changed, in that low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was shifted to very low-density lipoprotein in the methionine-supplemented group. However, nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ activity, atherosclerotic lesions, hepatic glutathione level, lipid profiles, and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were not significantly different. These findings suggest that HHcy induced by methionine may promote disturbances in lipid peroxidation and modify lipoprotein metabolism but not contribute to the progression of atherosclerotic lesion in aged ApoE knockout mice.