A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Al–25Cr–5Si (at%) Alloy Powder Using Gas-Atomization and SPS Process

Yong‑Ho Kim,Hyo‑Sang Yoo,Jeong‑Han Lee,Ik‑Hyun Oh,Hyun‑Kuk Park,Hyeon‑Taek Son 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

In order to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties on Al–25Cr–5Si (at%) alloy, a mixed powder with pureelements and an alloy powder using a gas atomization process were used. Fine and high purity Al–25Cr–5Si (at%) alloypowder was successfully prepared by gas atomization and densified using a spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The overallpowder size distribution of the mixed Al, Cr, and Si elemental powders was in the range of 10–15 μm. The atomized Al–Cr–Sialloy powder was fine and spherical in morphology and difficult to be formed by intermetallic formation. Densification wasclearly confirmed at 1000 °C, with almost isolated pores formed, by clear removal of pores between particles, deformationof particles, an increase in the number of contacts, and a change in size between particles. As a result of XRD analysis ofthe sintered compacts, single phase was observed using the mixed powder, but the compact using gas atomization remainedthe alloy phase even at the process temperature. The Vickers hardness of the compacts by mixed powder was observed at59.70 Hv and the compact using gas atomized powders on the temperature 1000 °C of the Vickers hardness increased to702.6 Hv. The compressive yield strength of the compact with mixed powder was 195.24 MPa and the compressive strengthof the compact with gas atomized powder increased to 802.07 MPa. It is considered not to be decomposed by the AlCrSi,Al13Cr4Si4and Al8Cr5phases sintering process, resulting from the improvement of mechanical properties.

Interaction of <i>Veratrum nigrum</i> with <i>Panax ginseng</i> against Obesity: A Sang-ban Relationship

Park, Jinbong,Jeon, Yong-Deok,Kim, Hye-Lin,Lim, Hara,Jung, Yunu,Youn, Dong-Hyun,Jeong, Mi-Young,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Kim, Su-Jin,Hong, Seung-Heon,Um, Jae-Young Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2013 No.-

<P>Obesity has become a major health threat in developed countries. However, current medications for obesity are limited because of their adverse effects. Interest in natural products for the treatment of obesity is thus rapidly growing. Korean Medicine (KM) is characterized by the wide use of herbal formulas. However, the combination rule of herbal formulas in KM lacks experimental evidence. According to <I>Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica</I>, the earliest book of herbal medicine, <I>Veratrum nigrum</I> (VN) has antagonistic features against <I>Panax ginseng</I> (PG), and the PG-VN pair is strictly forbidden. In this study, we have shown the effects of PG, VN, and their combination on obesity in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese mice and in 3T3-L1 cells. PG, VN, and PG-VN combination significantly reduced weight gain and the fat pad weight in HF diet-induced obese mice. They also significantly decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of two major adipogenesis factors, PPAR<I><I>γ</I></I> and C/EBP<I><I>α</I></I>, in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, the PG-VN combination had synergistic effects compared with the mixture of extracts of PG and VN on inhibition of PPAR<I><I>γ</I></I> and C/EBP<I><I>α</I></I> expressions at lower doses. These results indicate a new potential anti-obese pharmacotherapy and also provide scientific evidence supporting the usage of herbal combinations instead of mixtures in KM.</P>

아파트경매에서 낙찰가율의 결정요인에 대한 연구

조상용(Cho, Sang-Yong),박승록(Park, Seung-Rok) 한국주거환경학회 2015 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.13 No.4

In this paper, we study the highest bid price determination mechanism of the court auction markets for apartments that are under distraint because of the insolvency of the owner of the apartments. In addition to the typical variables used in previous literatures on the determination of highest bid price, we add the variables that represent the characteristics of the tenants categorized by the priority order of the tenants’ deposits in the distribution process of the money obtained from the auction of the apartments. Unlike our general perception, the results show that the presence of pretense tenants on the priority list of the distribution of dividend from the auction hardly affects the determination of the highest bid price. In addition, the presence of legal counter power of tenants against the landlord does not affect the highest bid price, either. The first policy implication of this paper is that to set up a fair institutional mechanism in court auction market for apartments under distraint, the auction court needs to ask the applicant of the auction to prove whether the listed tenants are true to eliminate the pretense tenants. The second policy implication is that the court needs to disapprove the seniority of the pretense tenants’ claim on the distribution of dividends from auction of the apartments.

계룡산국립공원의 나비류 군집에 관한 연구

전성재 ( Sung Jae Jeon ),조영호 ( Young Ho Cho ),한용구 ( Yong Gu Han ),김영진 ( Young Jin Kim ),최민주 ( Min Joo Choi ),박영준 ( Young Jun Park ),남상호 ( Sang Ho Nam ) 한국환경생태학회 2012 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.26 No.3

고도의 변화는 종 다양성 및 풍부도 그리고 생물 종 구성에 있어 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 요인으로 최근에는 나비를 비롯하여 곤충의 고도에 따른 분포 형태에 관하여 많은 관심이 집중되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 계룡산국립공원의 고도에 따른 나비분포를 조사하여, 종 보전 및 효율적인 관리방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 고도가 증가함에 따라 종과 개체수가 감소하는 경향이 나타났으며, 이는 수관울폐로 인한 그늘의 증가가 원인일 것으로 사료된다. 고도의 영향 이외에도 종의 분포에 영향을 주는 요인을 분석한 결과, 경사도 및 식생군락 그리고 수계거리가 종의 분포 변화와 상관관계가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 종들은 먹이식물과 밀접한 관련이 있으므로 추후에 숲 내부의 변화를 감지하는데 적합한 생물지표종을 선정한다면 시간과 비용을 감소시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 효율적인 생물다양성 평가를 내릴 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 추후에 기후 및 미기후, 그리고 먹이식물과 같은 환경요인들의 자료를 축적하고 정량화 할 경우 나비 분포를 예측할 수 있어 종 보전에 있어 더 효율적이라고 사료된다. Altitude is a factor that plays an important role in the diversity, richness and composition of species. Recently, much attention has been paid to the distribution of butterflies and insects according to altitude. The purpose of this article is to propose a method to preserve and manage species efficiently by reviewing the distribution of butterflies according to different altitudes in Mt. Gyeryong National Park. This study found that the number of species and individuals decreased as the altitude increased, possibly due to the increased amount of shade caused by the crown density. When analyzing the factors influencing the distribution of species other than altitude, it was found that the slope, vegetative colonies and hydrosphere distance were correlated with the change in species distribution. As these species are closely related to food plants, it may save time and reduce the cost as well as allow an efficient evaluation of the bio-diversity if these species are selected as biological indicator species suitable for detecting the changes in the forest. It is judged to be a more efficient means of species preservation to accumulate and quantify the materials regarding environmental elements such as the climate, microclimate and food plants, as this would allow the butterfly distribution to be estimated.

연구논문 : 도심 친수공간 적지선정을 위한 평가기준의 가중치 산정방법 개발

김성만 ( Sung Man Kim ),이재춘 ( Jae Choon Lee ),박민정 ( Min Jung Park ),권재범 ( Jai Bum Kwon ),이용운 ( Yong Woon Lee ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2012 환경영향평가 Vol.21 No.5

The urban waterfront well created, could provide mental stability and comfort and also foster personality. In addition it could provide the calmness and rest of mind. Especially, recently the urban waterfronts are restored here and there and are created whenever developing a new town The purpose of this study is to develop a method of calculating the weight of each evaluation criterion for deciding the priority of restoration among for deciding the priority of restoration among the urban waterfronts. The method includes the analytic hierarchy process that can calculate the reasonable weight of each evaluation criterion, because the importance (weights) of evaluation criteria appears to be different among the evaluators; the results of this study can be summarized as that this method can be useful for calculating the weights of evaluation criteria, and also that the superiority of ecological resources is the most important factor (highest weight) in selecting the best waterfront, followed by accessibility, tourism vacation, and proximity to parks. And then the lowest factor in importance is the scale of reservoir.

지방공무원의 행정개혁에 대한 수용성과 그 영향요인

정주용 ( Ju-yong Jung ),박성식 ( Sung-sik Park ) 명지대학교 정부행정연구센터 2015 정부행정 Vol.11 No.-

이 연구는 박근혜 정부가 추진 중에 있는 행정개혁인 정부3.0에 대한 지방공무원들의 수용성을 연구하였다. 행정개혁은 그 집행주체인 일선 공무원들의 반응을 통해 구체화될 수 있기 때문에 일선공무원들의 행정개혁에 대한 수용성은 개혁결과에 상당한 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문이다. 분석결과, 지방공무원들은 정부3.0을 통한 기대효과들 중 국민과 소통하는 정부, 관료적인 행정서비스 개선, 수요자 중심의 행정, 투명한 정부, 정부부문의 혁신 등에 대한 기대감이 클수록 수용성이 높아짐을 알수 있었다. 또한 정부3.0의 방향성에 대해서는 국가정보 인프라 강화, 혁신적인 조직문화의 조성, 정보공개의 확대 등에 초점을 맞추어야한다는 응답이 높을수록 수용성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. This paper tries to find out local government officers’ Acceptance on Administrative Reform that President Park’s central government is pursuing. Their acceptance may have major impact on the results of the administrative reform since the reform could be formalized by the response expressed by local government officers. According to an empirical research results, it was proven that the more such expectations get bigger as government’s communication to citizens, the improvement of bureaucratic services, citizen- focused administration, clean-minded culture and reform on government divisions, the bigger the acceptance were made by local government officers. In addition, they also mentioned the administrative reform should be directed to reinforce national IT infrastructure, to construct an innovative organization culture, to expand the release of information and so on.

운동훈련이 흰쥐 노화심근에 미치는 영향

박원학(Won-Hark Park),이상선(Sang-Sun Lee),이용덕(Yong-Deok Lee) 대한의생명과학회 1996 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.2 No.1

장기간 반복 주행운동이 흰쥐의 심근에 미치는 효과를 규명하기 위하여 생후 3개월, 10개월 및 20개월된 흰쥐를 운동군과 대조군으로 대별하여 motor driven treadmill을 이용하여 Park등이 사용한 방법에 준해서 5개월만, 주 5일 20분간 운동을 시킨 후 심근의 조직 및 세포학적 변화를 관찰하고 심근 세포 내 미세구조 변화를 입체해석학적으로 비교 분석하였다. 연령 증가에 따라 장기간 반복운동이 흰쥐 심근 미세구조에 미치는 영향은, 8, 15개월의 운동군과 대조군 사이에 뚜렷한 차이를 인정할 수 없으며, 15개월의 운동군에서 대조군에 비하여 변성된 사립체, 리소조옴, 지방적, 공포, 노화색소 등이 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 25개월 운동군은 같은 연령 대조군에 비하여 근원섬유 수축대, 근원섬유 소실, 윤반분리, 세포간질 증식, 핵의 변성, 교원섬유 근섬유내 침입 등 매우 심한 변화를 보였다. 조직상에 나타나는 early lipofusin과 미세구조상에 나타나는 노화색소는 8, 15개월의 운동군과 대조군 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었으며, 25개월 운동군은 같은 연령 대조군에 비하여 유의한 차이로 증가하였다. Glucose-6-phosphatase 활성도 8, 15개월군에서 운동군과 대조군에서 모두 활성이 높았으며 25개월의 대조군과 운동군에서는 모두 활성이 거의 나타나지 않았다. 미세구조 변화를 입체해석학적으로 분석한 결과 8, 15개월의 대조군과 운동군에서 체적 밀도의 모든 항은 양군 사이에 유의한 감소를 나타내었고 근형질세망의 체적밀도는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 사립체는 대조군에 비하여 유의한 감소를 나타내었고 근형질세망의 체적밀도는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 사립체와 근원섬유 비는 8개월 운동군에서 유의한 차이는 없지만 대조군에 비하여 높게 나타났으며, 15개월의 운동군과 대조군 사이에서는 차이를 인정할 수 없었다. 그러나 25개월 운동군은 대조군에 비하여 유의한 차이로 감소하였다. 연령증가에 따른 사립체 내막 표면밀도와 사립체수는 대조군과 운동군 사이에는 유의한 변화는 없었다. 본 연구의 성적을 검토한 결과 젊은층(3개월군)과 중령층(10개월군)의 흰쥐에서는 반복된 지구력 운동이 심장에 미치는 역효과를 인정할 수 없었으며 젊은층의 흰쥐에서는 오히려 심장기능 강화를 보이는 경향이 나타났으며, 노화층(20개월군)에서 운동군에서는 스트레스로 작용하여 심장기능의 저하를 초래 하였다고 생각된다. There is considerable current interest in the effect of regular vigorous exercise and in particular endurance-running as a possible measure in improving myocardial function. Some data indicate that the aging heart may actually suffer from vigorous endurance exercise. On the contrary, appropriate exercise in aged animals improves myocardial function and aerobic energy metabolism. So far there is relatively little data to indicate that endurance exercise is in fact beneficial in improving myocardial function or damaging to heart of aged animals. The present investigation aimed to study the possible effect of a long range treadmill training program on the heart in aging rats. Male rats aged 3, 10, and 20 months were divided at random into a control (sedentary) and an exercise group. The training group was exercised for 5 days a week on an automated treadmill for 20minutes at 18m/min over a period of 5 months. The exercise regimen of our experiments did not cause any significant changes in the tissues and ultrastructural as compared with sedentary age-matched control. Tissues and ultrastructures of myocardial cells in trained group aged 8 months are intact and well organized as well as sedentary control group. Age associated tissue and ultrastructural changes of trained group aged 15 months included : an increase in transformed mitochondria, vacuoles, lysosomes, lipid droplets and early lipofuscin. But the trained heart did not show significant difference in tissue and ultrastructural properties from those of sedentary controls. Endurance-trained group aged 25 months showed significant qualitative tissue and ultrastructural difference as compared with age-matched controls. In addition to those found in 25 months control group, focal necrosis, myofibril fraying, hypercontraction band, seperation of intercalated discs, degenerating nucleus and infiltration of collagenous fiber into myocyte were noted in trained 25 months group. The stereological examination of the micrographs disclosed no significant difference in the myofibril, mitochondrion, sarcotubule and interstitium volume density and surface density of mitochondrial cristae and numerical density of mitochondria between trained and control group aged 8 and 15 months. In the trained 25 months group, significant increase in volume density of interstitium, lipofucsin granule were shown as compared to untrained age-matched control. On the other hand, significant decrease in mitochondrion volume density was shown. The myofibril volume density did not differ between trained and control group although trained group showed slight increase. From the data obtained, a reduced mitochondria/myofibrils ratio was found in trained rat heart aged 25 months and there was no difference between trained and control rat aged 15 months. But a slight but not significant increase was found in the trained group aged 8 months as compared with same age control group. Such increase in the ratio in young animals is considered to be of great importance to cardiac pumping and adaptability. Whereas such adaptations don't seem to occur in aged heart muscle. This study proposed that repeated endurance exercise do not cause any significant qualitative and quantitative ultrastructural change of heart muscle in young(3months) and adult(10months) suggesting that the heart is able to adapt to the exercise. On the contrary, the repeated endurance exercise stress may actually induce degenerative changes in the aged heart muscle(20months).

습지생태공원의 갈대확장 조절 기술 개발

성기준 ( Ki June Sung ),이용민 ( Yong Min Yee ),정용현 ( Yong Hyun Chung ),박소영 ( So Young Park ) 한국환경보건기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2010 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.13 No.5

It is very difficult to control the expansion of reed at a wetland ecological park due to their aggressive reproduction capability. Therefore, proper topography and wetland hydrology should be provided before the construction of a wetland ecological park. Appropriate measures should be taken at the initial stages to prevent reed expansion. Field experiments were conducted at the newly constructed wetland ecological park for 15 months to develop methods to control the reproduction and expansion of Phragmites communis. A complete shading method had the best effect on the prevention of reed reoccurrence among other methods. Complete removal of the rhizomes controlled the reed growth to a greater extent than cutting the aboveground shoots. Water-level manipulation was also better than a half-shading method for the prevention of reed reproduction. These results indicated that soil properties and edge effects can influence the reed growth. Cutting only the aboveground shoots facilitates the growth of reed. These results suggest that reed control should be implemented repeatedly and an alteration in the wetland topography and hydrology may be more effective in the long term. Combination of treatments such as water-level management with shading should be considered to control the growth of reed. Adoptive management for created or restored ecosystem might be considered for accomplishment of its original purpose.

단미음료제(單味飮料劑)를 통한 소갈(消渴)의 치료(治療)에 관한 고찰(考察)

박춘하,위통순,김용성,이경환,Park Choon-Ha,Wei Tung-Sheun,Kim Yong-Sung,Lee Kyung-Hwan 대한한의학방제학회 2002 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.10 No.2

In Oriental medicine, So-gal(消渴) is similar to Diabetes Mellitus in the symptoms. In the medical treatment of So-gal(消渴), one kind of herb medicine is recorded in ancent medicine literatures. That herb medicine is a juice of vegetable drunken with herb medicine of So-gal(消渴). Milk(牛乳汁), human milk(人乳汁), gam-ja-jup(甘蔗汁), wo-jul-jup(藕節汁), li-jup(梨汁), sang-gang-jup(生薑汁) etc. is that. In that juices, Milk(牛乳汁), human milk(人乳汁), gam-ja-jup(甘蔗汁), wo-jul-jup(藕節汁), li-jup(梨汁) have sweety tastes, and cold nature. So they cure So-gal(消渴) come from dry and hot nature. Sang-gang-jup(生薑汁) is different with others in the taste and nature that sweety and hot taste and hot nature. Sang-gang-jup(生薑汁) cure the sequela of So-gal(消渴) by his hot nature. We think In Diabetes Mellitus, that juice can be used by drink for the treatment of diet because of simility between So-gal(消渴) and DM.