The effect of trust in international joint ventures

( Naoki Ando ),( Dong Kee Rhee ) 한국국제경영학회 2005 하계학술대회(통합) Vol.1 No.-

Expatriate staffing policy and its impact on foreign affiliate’s performance: the case of Japanese manufacturers

Naoki Ando,이동기 한국국제경영관리학회 2006 국제경영리뷰 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구는 일본 기업의 해외 자회사에 대한 파견자 정책에 관한 두 가지 문제를 다룬다. 첫 번째는 어떤 조건 하에서 일본 기업은 해외 자회사를 경영하는 데 있어서 본국인에 의존하는가이다. 두 번째는 해외 자회사에 대한 파견자 정책이 해외 자회사의 성과에 어떤 영향을 미치는가이다. 두 가지 연구 과제에 관한 가설을 검증하기 위해, 45개 일본 다국적기업(제조업)이 보유하는 376개 해외 자회사의 표본을 사용해 실증분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면 일본 다국적기업은 해외 자회사의 전략적 역할과 해외 자회사가 위치하는 환경에 따라 파견자 정책을 바꾸는 것으로 나타났다. 실증분석 결과는 또한 해외 자회사가 직면하는 조건에 따른 효과적인 파견자 정책이 해외 자회사의 성과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. This study addresses two questions related to expatriate staffing policy of Japanese firms. The first question is under what conditions Japanese firms rely on parent country nationals (PCNs) to manage their foreign affiliates. The second question is what the impact of expatriate staffing policy on foreign affiliate’s performance is. To examine hypotheses with regard to the two research questions, an empirical study is conducted using the sample that was comprised of 376 foreign affiliates of 45 large Japanese manufacturers. Results show that Japanese manufacturers adopt contingent expatriate staffing policy, depending on the strategic role of a foreign affiliate and the environment where the affiliate operates. In addition, the empirical study finds that the effective expatriate staffing policy, which varies across the conditions under which a foreign affiliate operates, improves a foreign affiliate's performance.

The Effect of Justice on the Development of Interorganizational Trust: Case of International Joint Ventures

Naoki Ando,Dongkee Rhee,박용석(토론자) 한국전략경영학회 2006 한국전략경영학회 학술대회발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

The primary purpose of this study is to explore antecedents of trust in interorganizational relationships. It has been argued that to develop interorganizational trust, fair actions during the course of interactions with partners are essential. However, few studies have incorporated justice into trust-building models in interorganizational relationships. An attempt is made to operationalize procedural and distributive justice to capture features of an interorganizational context. Procedural justice in an interorganizational setting is operationalized with two constructs: a fair communication process and cultural adaptation. On the other hand, distributive justice is operationalized with two constructs: fair distribution of profit and that of bargaining power. An empirical test was conducted using a sample that is comprised of 109 international joint ventures located in South Korea. Results reveal that fair actions during the course of interaction and fair distribution affect trust-building in an IJV context. This paper is concluded by discussing the contribution of this study to the literature on interorganizational trust and directions for future research.

Expatriate Staffing Policy for Foreign Affiliates: The Moderating Effects of Host Country and International Experiences

Naoki Ando KINFORMS 2006 Management Review Vol.1 No.1

This study explores the question of under what conditions Japanese MNCs appoint parent country nationals to foreign affiliates. In addition to simple linear relationships, we examine moderating effects of the two kinds of experiences: international and host country experiences. Using data on 519 foreign affiliates of 26 Japanese MNCs, we found that the global integration imperative, the local market orientation, the country risk, and the unavailability of competent local managers affected expatriation decisions of Japanese MNCs. The results also revealed that these main effects were moderated by MNC’s international and host country experiences.

공정성과 신뢰형성: 국제합작기업 사례를 중심으로

안등직기 ( Naoki Ando ),최형인 ( Hyung Ihn Choe ) 韓國國際經營學會 2006 國際經營硏究 Vol.17 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 국제합작기업에서의 파트너 간 신뢰관계 형성의 요인을 분석하는 것이다. 국제합작기업을 설립한 파트너 간에 신뢰관계를 형성하는 중요한 요소로서 프로세스 공정성과 분배 공정성을 주목하고, 두 가지 공정성을 국제합작기업에 적용하기 위한 개념의 확장을 시도한다. 국제합작기업에 있어서, 프로세스 공정성으로서 공정한 공동 의사결정 프로세스와 문화적 적응을 제시하고, 분배 공정성으로서 공정한 결과물의 분배와 교섭력의 분배를 제시한다. 한국내 109개의 국제합작기업에서 구성된 표본을 사용해 실증분석을 실시한 결과, 프로세스 공정성과 분배 공정성이 국제 합작기업에서의 파트너 간 신뢰관계 형성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. This study explores antecedents of interorganizational trust within the context of international joint ventures (IJVs). As a key factor for building trust between partners participating in an IJV, we look at procedural and distributive justice. We make an attempt to broaden the scope of procedural and distributive justice in order to apply them to an IJV context. Within the IJV context, a fair joint decision-making process and cultural adaptation are proposed as components of procedural justice while fair distribution of outcome and that of bargaining power are proposed as those of distributive justice. To examine a series of hypotheses about the influence of procedural and distributive justice on the level of interorganizational trust, an empirical test is run using a sample that is comprised of 109 IJVs located in Korea. Results show that both procedural justice and distributive justice facilitate the development of interorganizational trust between IJV partners.

Single-Stage Removal of Thoracic Dumbbell Tumors from a Posterior Approach Only with Costotransversectomy

Kei Ando,Shiro Imagama,Norimitsu Wakao,Kenichi Hirano,Ryoji Tauchi,Akio Muramoto,Hiroki Matsui,Tomohiro Matsumoto,Yukihiro Matsuyama,Naoki Ishiguro 연세대학교의과대학 2012 Yonsei medical journal Vol.53 No.3

Purpose: Thoracic dumbbell tumors are relatively rare, usually arising from neurogenic elements. Methods for surgical removal thereof remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical results of a single-stage posterior approach with laminectomy and costotransversectomy only for the management of thoracic dumbbell tumors. Materials and Methods: Eight cases of thoracic large dumbbell tumor were analyzed retrospectively: seven men and one woman (mean age, 49 years). Pathologic findings included schwannoma in five patients, neurofibroma in two patients (Recklinghausen in one patient), and ganglioneuroma in one patient. All patients underwent single-stage removal of dumbbell tumors by a posterior approach followed by laminectomy and costotransversectomy combined with instrumentation. Clinical and radiologic outcomes were reviewed, thereafter. Results: Operative time ranged from 185 to 420 minutes (mean, 313 minutes), with estimated blood loss ranging from 71 to 1830 mL (mean, 658 mL). Postoperative complications included atelectasis in one case. All patients had tumors successfully removed with no neurological deterioration. Spinal deformities were not observed in any patients at the last follow-up (mean, 52 months), with instrumentation. Conclusion: Single-stage surgery with laminectomy and costotransversectomy may be useful for removing thoracic dumbbell tumors without a combined anterior approach.

Progressive Relapse of Ligamentum Flavum Ossification Following Decompressive Surgery

Kei Ando,Shiro Imagama,Zenya Ito,Kazuyoshi Kobayashi,Junichi Ukai,Akio Muramoto,Ryuichi Shinjo,Tomohiro Matsumoto,Hiroaki Nakashima,Naoki Ishiguro 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.6

Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (T-OLF) is a relatively rare spinal disorder that generally requires surgical intervention, due to its progressive nature and the poor response to conservative therapy. The prevalence of OLF has been reported at 3.8%–26%, which is similar to that of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). The progression of OPLL after cervical laminoplasty for the treatment of OPLL is often shown in long-term follow-up. However, there have been no reports on the progression of OLF following surgery. We report a case of thoracic myelopathy secondary to the progressive relapse of OLF following laminectomy.

Persistence of Denosumab Therapy among Patients with Osteoporosis

Kobayashi Kazuyoshi,Ando Kei,Machino Masaaki,Morozumi Masayoshi,Kanbara Shunsuke,Ito Sadayuki,Inoue Taro,Yamaguchi Hidetoshi,Ishiguro Naoki,Imagama Shiro 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.4

Study Design: Retrospective study in a single center.Purpose: To examine denosumab persistence in patients of different ages with severe osteoporosis in Japan.Overview of Literature: Denosumab is an antibody drug used for the treatment of osteoporosis. It is mainly used in patients with severe osteoporosis who might have high motivation for treatment, and the need for only semi-annual subcutaneous injection might improve the continuation rate. However, no English-language articles have reported on denosumab persistence in the Japanese population, including young people, despite the importance of this issue in a super-aging society. Methods: The subjects started treatment with subcutaneous denosumab in our department from July 2013 until December 2017. Persistence rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Patients were defined as “persistent” or “non-persistent” according to the use of therapy after 60 months.Results: The study included 101 patients (84 females) with a median follow-up period of 23.6±14.2 months. The persistence rate declined to 85.3%, 78.3%, 74.1%, 71.3%, and 69.3% at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months, respectively. Age at the initiation of denosumab therapy differed significantly between non-persistent (n=31) and persistent (n=70) patients (81.3 vs. 72.8 years, <i>p</i> <0.01). Persistence was significantly lower in patients aged ≥80 years than in those aged <60 and 60–79 years (both <i>p</i> <0.01). The reasons for non-persistence of denosumab therapy were transfer to another hospital (n=13), interruption of outpatient visits (n=11), dental treatment (n=4), adverse events (n=2), and patient request (n=1).Conclusions: Persistence was significantly lower in patients aged ≥80 years than in patients of other ages, and strategies promoting persistence are needed for these elderly patients.

Scoliosis Caused by Limb-Length Discrepancy in Children

Kobayashi Kazuyoshi,Ando Kei,Nakashima Hiroaki,Machino Masaaki,Morozumi Masayoshi,Kanbara Shunsuke,Ito Sadayuki,Inoue Taro,Yamaguchi Hidetoshi,Mishima Kenichi,Ishiguro Naoki,Imagama Shiro 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.6

Study Design: Single-center retrospective study in pediatric patients.Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the presence and severity of leg-length discrepancy (LLD) on scoliosis in children.Overview of Literature: LLD is a common orthopedic problem that can result in standing imbalance, low back pain, and stress fractures. It may cause structural changes in the spine over time, but the exact effect of LLD on scoliosis is unknown.Methods: The subjects were 23 children with LLD ≥20 mm (range, 27–65 mm) treated at Nagoya University Hospital between 2007 and 2017. Whole spine posteroanterior standing radiographs and whole lower limb radiographs in a supine position were recorded. Data were collected for demographics, LLD, Cobb angle, pelvic obliquity, and Nash/Moe index. Scoliosis was defined as a Cobb angle ≥10°. Leg length was measured from the top of the femoral head to the middle of the tibial plafond, and LLD was defined as the difference between the left and right leg lengths.Results: The patients (nine males and 14 females) had a mean age of 14.0 years (range, 5–18 years). The average LLD was 44.3±17.2 mm, with LLDs of 20 to 39 mm, 40 to 59 mm, and ≥60 mm in 13, five, and five subjects, respectively. The average Cobb angle was 13.0°±7.0°, and 15 subjects (65%) had scoliosis. Convexity of the scoliosis was to the short leg side in all cases. The Cobb angle was significantly related to the severity of the LLD (<i>R</i>=0.736, <i>p</i><0.01), pelvic obliquity (<i>R</i>=0.966, <i>p</i><0.01), and Nash/Moe index (<i>p</i><0.05).Conclusions: LLD is a common pediatric condition that can cause scoliosis of the spine. Severe scoliosis may develop if the LLD is ≥30 mm. Long-term studies are needed to examine the effect of LLD resolution on the elimination of scoliosis.

Firm-level Factor versus National Institutional Difference: Ownership Structure in a Foreign Subsidiary of a Japanese Logistics Firm

Nobuaki ENDO,Toshiya OZAKI,Naoki ANDO 한국해운물류학회 2014 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.30 No.3

When a firm undertakes foreign direct investment, it must determine the level of ownership in its foreign subsidiary. This study examines the determinants of the ownership strategy of a Japanese logistics firm from the perspective of international business studies (IB). The study focuses on firm-level factors, including “contributed assets” for shaping firm-specific advantage which a parent firm possesses, “complementary assets” which such firm may need to acquire in a foreign country, and international experience. It also analyzes country-level factors including the institutional difference between a home country and a host country. The study conducts a Tobit regression analysis on the relationship between such factors and the equity ownership level in a foreign subsidiary based on the data-sets of Japanese logistics firms.