Evaluation of Antioxidant and Pharmacological Properties of Psychotria nilgiriensis Deb & Gang

Murugaiyan Iniyavan,Devadoss Sangeetha,Shanmugam Saravanan,Thangaraj Parimelazhagan 한국식품과학회 2012 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.21 No.5

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant and pharmacological properties of fruit, stem, and leaf extract of Psychotria nilgiriensis. Acetone extract of P. nilgiriensis fruit was found to have highest total phenolics (505.74 mg GAE/g extract), tannin (460.78 mg GAE/g extract), and flavonoid (67.78 mg RE/g extract) content. In vitro antioxidant studies revealed that the acetone extract of fruit posses significant antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS•+, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. In vivo studies revealed that P. nilgiriensis fruit (400 mg/kg) showed good analgesic activity in hot plate method (72%), acetic acid induced writhing test (53%) and also showed significant in carrageenan induced inflammation (73.54%). GC/MS analysis of fruit showed the presence of sesquiterpenes. The study highlights the significant medicinal value of the plant.

Characterization of filamentous bacteriophage PE226 infecting <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> strains

Murugaiyan, S.,Bae, J.Y.,Wu, J.,Lee, S.D.,Um, H.Y.,Choi, H.K.,Chung, E.,Lee, J.‐,H.,Lee, S.‐,W. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Journal of applied microbiology Vol.110 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Aims: </B> The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize new bacteriophages that infect a wide range of plant pathogenic <I>Ralstonia solanacearum</I> strains.</P><P><B>Methods and Results: </B> Fifteen bacteriophages were isolated from pepper, tomato and tobacco plant rhizospheres infected with <I>R.?solanacearum.</I> A host specificity analysis of the isolated phages using nine strains of <I>R.?solanacearum</I> indicated great phage diversity in a single soil. Two phages, PE226 and TM227, showed clear plaques on all nine bacterial hosts tested and were virtually identical in morphology and genome. PE226, an Inovirus, is a long, flexible, filamentous phage carrying a circular (+) sense single‐strand DNA genome of 5475 nucleotides. DNA sequences of PE226 exhibited nine open reading frames (ORF) that were not highly similar to those of other phages infecting <I>R.?solanacearum</I>. The genome organization of PE226 was partially similar to that of p12J of <I>Ralstonia pickettii</I>. One ORF of PE226 showed identity to the <I>zot</I> gene encoding zonula occludens toxin of <I>Vibrio cholera</I>. <I>Orf7</I> of PE226 was also present in the genome of <I>R.?solanacearum</I> strain SL341. However, SL341, a highly virulent strain in tomato, was still sensitive to phage PE226.</P><P><B>Conclusions: </B> A new, flexible, filamentous phage PE226 infected wide range of <I>R.?solanacearum</I> strains and carried unique circular single‐strand DNA genome with an ORF encoding Zot‐like protein.</P><P><B>Significance and Impact of the Study: </B> PE226 may be a new type of temperate phage, based on its lytic nature on a wide range of hosts and the presence of a <I>zot</I> homologue in a host bacterial genome.</P>

Interaction of industrial effluents and bentonite: a comparative study of their physico-chemical and geotechnical characteristics

Murugaiyan, V.,Saravanane, R.,Sundararajan, T. Techno-Press 2009 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.1 No.4

One-dimensional soil-column studies were carried out to understand the interaction of three industrial effluents namely amino acid ('highly acidic'), surfactant ('highly organic') and pharmaceutical ('organic and toxic') on the physicochemical behavior, index properties and shear strength of bentonite due to artificial contamination extending to nearly 300 days. Changes in inorganic and organic pollutants present in the effluents due to the interaction of the above effluents and soil were assessed to understand the physico-chemical behaviour. Batch and continuous modes of operation, 8 hrs and 16 hrs Hydraulic Retention Time [HRT] and 25%, 50% concentrations of effluents, were the parameters considered. Amino acid, surfactant and pharmaceutical effluents have shown a high variation in pH (7 to 8) after artificial contamination on bentonite that is their original characteristics of the above effluents have been completely reversed. Further, it is found that the shear strength of bentonite has reduced by about 20%, and with respect to liquid limit and plastic limit shows an increasing trend with time within the period of contamination.

MicroTom ? A Model Plant System to Study Bacterial Wilt by Ralstoniasolanacearum

박은진,이승돈,정유진,이명환,엄해용,Senthilkumar Murugaiyan,문병주,이선우 한국식물병리학회 2007 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.23 No.4

MicroTom is a miniature tomato plants with various properties that make it as a model system for experiments in plant molecular biology. To extend its utility as a model plant to study a plant - bacterial wilt system, we investigated the potential of the MicroTom as a host plant of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. We compared the disease progress on standard tomato and MicroTom by two inoculation methods, root dipping and soil drenching, using a race 1 strain GMI1000. Both methods caused the severe wilting on MicroTom comparable to commercial tomato plant, although initial disease development was faster in root dipping. From the diseased MicroTom plants, the same bacteria were successfully reisolated using semiselective media to fulfill Koch’s postulates. Race specific and isolate specific virulence were investigated by root dipping with 10 isolates of R. solanacearum isolated from tomato and potato plants. All of the tested isolates caused the typical wilt symptom on MicroTom. Disease severities by isolates of race 3 was below 50% until 15 days after inoculation, while those by isolates of race 1 reached over 50% to death until 15 days. This result suggested that MicroTom can be a model host plant to study R. solanacearum - plant interaction.

Methylobacterium gossipiicola sp. nov., a pink-pigmented, facultatively methylotrophic bacterium isolated from the cotton phyllosphere

Madhaiyan, Munusamy,Poonguzhali, Selvaraj,Senthilkumar, Murugaiyan,Lee, Jung-Sook,Lee, Keun-Chul Microbiology Society 2012 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.62 No.1

<P>A pink, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic, motile, Gram-negative rod, designated Gh-105<SUP>T</SUP>, was isolated from the phyllosphere of cotton from Coimbatore (Tamilnadu, India). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed clearly that the isolate belonged to the <I>Methylobacterium</I> cluster. Strain Gh-105<SUP>T</SUP> was most closely related to <I>Methylobacterium adhaesivum</I> AR27<SUP>T</SUP> (99 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and <I>Methylobacterium iners</I> 5317S-33<SUP>T</SUP> (97.5 %). The isolate grew with C1 compounds such as methanol and dichloromethane, but not with formaldehyde, formate, methylamine, trimethylamine or methane, as sole carbon sources and carried <I>mxaF</I>, which encodes methanol dehydrogenase and supports methylotrophic metabolism. The major fatty acid was C18 : 1ω7<I>c</I> and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.2 mol%. Physiological and biochemical data and DNA-DNA relatedness with <I>M. adhaesivum</I> KACC 12195<SUP>T</SUP> and <I>M. iners</I> KACC 11765<SUP>T</SUP> revealed clear phenotypic and genotypic differences. For this reason, we propose that strain Gh-105<SUP>T</SUP> ( = CCM 7572<SUP>T</SUP> = NRRL B-51692<SUP>T</SUP>) represents the type strain of a novel species, with the name <I>Methylobacterium gossipiicola</I> sp. nov.</P>

<i>Arachidicoccus rhizosphaerae</i> gen. nov., sp. nov., a plant-growth-promoting bacterium in the family <i>Chitinophagaceae</i> isolated from rhizosphere soil

Madhaiyan, Munusamy,Poonguzhali, Selvaraj,Senthilkumar, Murugaiyan,Pragatheswari, Dhandapani,Lee, Jung-Sook,Lee, Keun-Chul International Union of Microbiological Societies 2015 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.65 No.2

<P>Three novel bacterial strains, designated Vu-144<SUP>T</SUP>, Vu-7 and Vu-35, were isolated on minimal medium from rhizosphere soil of field-grown cowpea and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strains were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid rods, and formed non-pigmented colonies. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Vu-144<SUP>T</SUP> was affiliated with an uncultivated lineage of the phylum <I>Bacteroidetes</I>. Its closest phylogenetic neighbour was the recently described species <I>Niastella populi</I>, a member of the family <I>Chitinophagaceae</I>, with just 90.7 % sequence similarity to the type strain. The only isoprenoid quinone detected was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The fatty acid profiles showed large amounts of iso-C<SUB>15 : 0</SUB>, iso-C<SUB>17 : 0</SUB> 3-OH and iso-C<SUB>15 : 1</SUB> G and minor amounts of summed feature 3 (C<SUB>16 : 1</SUB>ω7<I>c</I> and/or iso-C<SUB>15 : 0</SUB> 2-OH), C<SUB>16 : 0</SUB> and other fatty acids, allowing the differentiation of the strains from other genera. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of the three strains ranged from 43.1 to 44.3 mol%. In addition to phosphatidylethanolamine, the major polar lipids were three unidentified aminophospholipids (APL1–APL3), two unidentified phospholipids (PL1, PL2) and three unidentified lipids (UL1–UL3). Biochemical test patterns also differed from those of <I>Niastella populi</I> and members of other genera. All three isolates showed plant-growth-promoting properties, e.g. the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid and NH<SUB>3</SUB> and to solubilize phosphate, utilized 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate (ACC) as a sole source of nitrogen and possessed the ACC deaminase enzyme. The novel isolates readily colonized roots and stimulated growth of tomato and cowpea under glasshouse conditions. Inoculated plants showed a 45–60 % increase in dry matter weight with respect to uninoculated controls. On the basis of the evidence from our polyphasic study, isolate Vu-144<SUP>T</SUP> represents a novel genus and species in the family <I>Chitinophagaceae</I>, for which the name <I>Arachidicoccus rhizosphaerae</I> gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of <I>Arachidicoccus rhizosphaerae</I> is Vu-144<SUP>T</SUP> ( = KCTC 22378<SUP>T</SUP> = NCIMB 14473<SUP>T</SUP>).</P>

Data-Driven Modelling of Complex Current–Voltage Waveform Controlled Gas Metal Arc-Wire DED Processes

Nagaraj Pradeep,Prakash Sadasivam,Gurunathan Saravana Kumar,Murugaiyan Amirthalingam 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.4

Gas metal arc-based wire arc additive manufacturing (GMA-WAAM) is an attractive process for producing geometricallysimple and large-volume components. In this process, the arc energy and droplet transfer behaviour are primarily controlledby the current–voltage waveforms. Finite element analysis based on 3D transient gas metal arc heat source models has beenextensively used to derive mean process parameters and predict the thermal fields during GMA-WAAM. These models oftensimplify a complex current–voltage waveform by averaging it over a defined time period and use heat source efficiency,heat source parameters, and heat transfer co-efficient as fitting parameters. This simplification leads to inaccuracy in thepredictions of thermal fields. Therefore, a data-driven-based approach is proposed in this work to develop a physically-basedinstantaneous arc heat source model. This model is aimed to effectively describe a complex current–voltage waveform usedfor controlled dip short-circuiting transfer by adapting goldak’s double ellipsoidal arc heat source model. Instantaneousheat source parameters are derived from constant current waveform experiments corresponding to individual instances in ashort-circuiting current–voltage waveform. Arc energies are calculated as a function of instantaneous heat source parameterswhile depositing 1.2 mm diameter Al-Si12 (ER4047) wires on a pure aluminium substrate. Thermal fields are measured usingthese instantaneous parameters and validated with experimental observations. Results show that this data-driven approachpredicts the thermal fields with less than 1% relative error in the peak temperatures using the physically accurate heat sourceefficiency, heat source, and heat transfer parameters for a GMA-WAAM process.

A Data Driven Approach to Identify Optimal Thermal Parameters for Finite Element Analysis of Electric-Assisted Deformation Processes

Jai Tiwari,Bashista Kumar Mahanta,Hariharan Krishnaswamy,Sivasrinivasu Devadula,Murugaiyan Amirthalingam 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.8

Application of electric current pulses while deforming a material, commonly referred to as electric-assisted forming (EAF), isknown to have desirable effects over its formability. In the finite element simulation of this electric-assisted deformation, thetime-temperature profile is obtained by providing various temperature dependent thermo-physical properties of the material. Out of all the required properties for such analysis, effective heat transfer coefficient and Joule heat fraction are sensitive tothe microstructure of the material, geometry of the specimen and the ambient conditions. Generally, these coefficients areidentified by iterative FE simulations. A clear methodology to estimate these parameters has not been established yet. In thepresent work, a procedure is developed using a genetically evolved meta-model of the time-temperature profile, which isexperimentally obtained from the pulsed current assisted uniaxial tension and compression tests. For this purpose, variousmulti-objective optimization techniques such as BioGP, EvoNN and cRVEA have been utilized to estimate the temperatureprofile in each case. It is shown that the tri-objective optimization procedure predicts the experimental temperature profilewith greater accuracy (within ± 5%) and is best suited to obtain the thermal modelling parameters of electric-assisted deformation,than other optimization techniques used in this work.

Endomicrobial Community Profiles of Two Different Mealybugs: Paracoccus marginatus and Ferrisia virgata

( Polpass Arul Jose ),( Ramasamy Krishnamoorthy ),( Pandiyan Indira Gandhi ),( Murugaiyan Senthilkumar ),( Veeranan Janahiraman ),( Karunandham Kumutha ),( Aritra Roy Choudhury ),( Sandipan Samaddar ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.7

Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) harbor diverse microbial symbionts that play essential roles in host physiology, ecology, and evolution. In this study we aimed to reveal microbial communities associated with two different mealybugs, papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus) and two-tailed mealybug (Ferrisia virgata) collected from the same host plant. Comparative analysis of microbial communities associated with these mealybugs revealed differences that appear to stem from phylogenetic associations and different nutritional requirements. This first report on both bacterial and fungal communities associated with these mealybugs provides a preliminary insight on factors affecting the endomicrobial communities.

Leifsonia soli sp. nov., a yellow-pigmented actinobacterium isolated from teak rhizosphere soil

Madhaiyan, Munusamy,Poonguzhali, Selvaraj,Lee, Jung-Sook,Senthilkumar, Murugaiyan,Lee, Keun Chul,Sundaram, Subbiah Microbiology Society 2010 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.60 No.6

<P>Two yellow-pigmented, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, short rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from natural teak tree rhizosphere soil and their taxonomic positions were determined by using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strains TG-S248<SUP>T</SUP> and TG-S240 formed a distinct phyletic line within the genus <I>Leifsonia</I>. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain TG-S248<SUP>T</SUP> with sequences from <I>Leifsonia shinshuensis</I> DB 102<SUP>T</SUP>, <I>L. poae</I> VKM Ac-1401<SUP>T</SUP>, <I>L. naganoensis</I> DB 103<SUP>T</SUP>, <I>L. aquatica</I> DSM 20146<SUP>T</SUP> and <I>L. xyli</I> subsp. <I>cynodontis</I> JCM 9733<SUP>T</SUP> revealed pairwise similarities ranging from 98.7 to 99.1 %. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain was 69.4 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (32 % or less) between strain TG-S248<SUP>T</SUP> and its closest relatives. Based on differences in phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain TG-S248<SUP>T</SUP> (=LMG 24767<SUP>T</SUP> =JCM 15679<SUP>T</SUP>) is designated the type strain of a novel species of the genus <I>Leifsonia</I>, for which the name <I>Leifsonia soli</I> sp. nov. is proposed.</P>