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Radiomodifying Potential of Panax ginseng in Liver of Swiss Albino Mice against Gamma Radiation
Mukesh Kumar Sharma,Madhu Kumar,Ashok Kumar 고려인삼학회 2004 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.28 No.2
Panax ginseng occupies an important role in the folk medicine of China, Korea and Japan. The present study was undertaken to determine the radioprotective efficacy of ginseng root extract in the liver of Swiss albino mice. The animals were divided into 4 groups. Group I Only vehicle was administered. Group II-The animals received 10 mg/kg body weight ginseng root extract i.p. for 4 consecutive days. Group III-Animals were irradiated with 8Gy gamma radiation at the dose rate of 1.69 Gy/min at the distance of 80 cms. Group IV -Animals were given by ginseng root extract (10 mglkg body weight) continuously for 4 days and on 4th day they were irradiated with 8 Gy gamma radiation after 3D min. The animals from above groups were autopsied on I. 3, 7. 14 and 30 days. Biochemical estimations of phosphatases (acid & alkaline), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), LPO (lipid peroxidation) and GSH (reduced glutathione) in liver and SGOT (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase). SGPf (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase) and alkaline phosphatase in serum were done. In ginseng treated group acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP). LPO and LDH in liver and SGOT, SGPf and alkaline phosphatase in serum did not show any significant alteration. However, a signiticant increase in GSH content in liver was recorded. In irradiated group there was a signiticant increase in ACP, ALP and LPO content in liver and SGOT & SGPT in serum was noted. Whereas, a significant decrease was recorded in GSH and LDH activity in liver and alkaline phosphatase activity in sel1lm. Pretreatment of ginseng with radiation significantly alters the biochemical parameters in liver and serum. A significant decline in ACP, ALP activity and LPO content in liver and SGOT and SGPf activity in serum was observed. However, a significant increase in GSH content and LDH activity in liver and ALP activity in serum was estimated. The present study suggests that pretreatment of ginseng before irradiation significantly protects the liver and maintains the enzyme activity.
Mukesh Kumar Gautam,Rajesh Kumar Manhas,Ashutosh Kumar Tripathi 국립중앙과학관 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.9 No.2
We studied vegetation attributes in Indian tropical moist deciduous unmanaged forests to determine the influence of forest disturbances on them. We enumerated 89 species: 72 under moderate disturbance and 54 under least disturbance. The data from 3399 stems [>5 cm diameter at breast height (dbh)] decreased linearly along the disturbance gradient. The basal area was largest in least disturbed forests (61 m2/ha) and smallest in intensely disturbed forest (41 m2/ha). Under least and moderate disturbance, tree density-diameter distribution had negative exponential curves, whereas highly disturbed forests had unimodal-shaped curves where a few trees 5–10 cm and >50 cm in diameter were recorded. Most tree and shrub layer species under heavy and intense disturbance had impaired regeneration. Moderate disturbance intensity thus apparently benefits species diversity, stand density, and regeneration. Decline in seedlings and saplings, especially tree species, threaten forest regeneration and the maintenance of species diversity of unmanaged tropical forests.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Exstrophy of the Bladder
Pramod Kumar Sharma,Praveen Kumar Pandey,Mukesh Kumar Vijay,Malay Kumar Bera,Jitendra Pratap Singh,Kaushik Saha 대한비뇨의학회 2013 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.54 No.8
Exstrophy of the bladder is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of about 1 per 50,000 newborns. The malignant potential of the exstrophied bladder mucosa is well known; 95% are adenocarcinomas, and 3% to 5% are squamous cell carcinomas. Most of the malignant tumors (60%) associated with an exstrophy of the bladder occur during the fourth and fifth decades of life. Of the remaining, about 20% each occur after 60 years and before 40 years. Here we present a case in which squamous cell carcinoma developed in an unrepaired exstrophy of the bladder. We present the management of the case and a brief review of the literature.
Radiomodifying Potential of Panax ginseng in Liver of Swiss Albino Mice against Gamma Radiation
Sharma, Mukesh Kumar,Kumar, Madhu,Kumar, Ashok The Korean Society of Ginseng 2004 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.28 No.2
Panax ginseng occupies an important role in the folk medicine of China, Korea and Japan. The present study was undertaken to determine the radioprotective efficacy of ginseng root extract in the liver of Swiss albino mice. The animals were divided into 4 groups. Group I-Only vehicle was administered. Group II-The animals received 10 mg/kg body weight ginseng root extract i.p. for 4 consecutive days. Group III-Animals were irradiated with 8Gy gamma radiation at the dose rate of 1.69 Gy/min at the distance of 80 ems. Group IV-Animals were given by ginseng root extract (10 mg/kg body weight) continuously for 4 days and on 4th day they were irradiated with 8 Gy gamma radiation after 30 min. The animals from above groups were autopsied on 1,3,7,14 and 30 days. Biochemical estimations of phosphatases (acid & alkaline), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), LPO (lipid peroxidation) and GSH (reduced glutathione) in liver and SGOT (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase), SGPT (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase) and alkaline phosphatase in serum were done. In ginseng treated group acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), LPO and LDH in liver and SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase in serum did not show any significant alteration. However, a significant increase in GSH content in liver was recorded. In irradiated group there was a significant increase in ACP, ALP and LPO content in liver and SGOT & SGPT in serum was noted. Whereas, a significant decrease was recorded in GSH and LDH activity in liver and alkaline phosphatase activity in serum. Pretreatment of ginseng with radiation significantly alters the biochemical parameters in liver and serum. A significant decline in ACP, ALP activity and LPO content in liver and SGOT and SGPT activity in serum was observed. However, a significant increase in GSH content and LDH activity in liver and ALP activity in serum was estimated. The present study suggests that pretreatment of ginseng before irradiation significantly protects the liver and maintains the enzyme activity.
Deposition pattern and throughfall fluxes in secondary cool temperate forest, South Korea
Kumar Gautam, Mukesh,Lee, Kwang-Sik,Song, Byeong -Yeol Elsevier 2017 Atmospheric environment Vol.161 No.-
<P>Chemistry and deposition fluxes in the rainfall and throughfall of red pine (Pinus densiflora), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), and chestnut (Castanea crenata) monocultures, and mixed red pine black locust chestnut stands were examined in a nutrient-limited cool temperate forest of central South Korea. Throughfall was enriched in both basic and acidic constituents relative to rainfall, suggesting that both dry deposition and canopy leaching are important sources of throughfall constituents. Net throughfall fluxes (NTFs) of cations and anions significantly differed among four different stands as well as seasonally. Red pine exhibited highest fluxes (TF and NTF) for Ca2+, black locust for K+, mixed stands for Mg2+, and chestnut for Na+. In contrast, NTF of SO42-, NO3-, and NH(4)(+)was highest in the red pine, intermediate in the chestnut and mixed stands, and lowest in the black locust. In general, canopy uptake of H+ and NH4+ for all stands was higher in summer than in winter. Dry deposition appears to play a major role in atmospheric deposition to this cool temperate forest, especially in summer. Dry deposition for both cations and anions displayed high spatial variability, even though stands were adjacent to one another and experienced identical atmospheric deposition loads. Canopy leaching of K+ (95-78% of NTF), Mg2+ (92-23% of NTF), and Ca2+ (91-12% of NTF) was highest for the black locust, lowest for chestnut, and intermediate for the red pine and mixed stands. The present study documented significant changes in throughfall chemistry and NTF among different forest stands, which presumably be related with the differences in the canopy characteristics and differences in their scavenging capacity for dry deposition and canopy exchange. Difference in the canopy retention of H+ and base cation leaching suggests that canopy exchange was mainly driven by weak acid excretion and lesser by H+ exchange reaction. Our results indicate that despite a high base cation deposition, a combination of higher input of acidifying constituents, low soil pH, and total acidic deposition approaching South Korean critical loads make regional forest vulnerable to acidification. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Statistical Optimization of Physical Parameters for Enhanced Bacteriocin Production by L. casei
Mukesh Kumar,Alok Kumar Jain,Moushumi Ghosh,Abhijit Ganguli 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.3
Antimicrobial proteinaceous compounds such as bacteriocins produced from Lactobacillus sp. are widely known. They have potential antimicrobial activities towards closely related bacteria and several pathogens associated with food spoilage and hence can be a potential food bio-preservative agent. Bacteriocin production requires optimized process, complex media and well-controlled physical conditions including pH and temperature. A probiotic strain of L. casei LA-1 isolated from mango pickle was used in the present study. The influence of physical parameters viz. temperature (15 ~ 45oC), pH (4.0 ~7.0), incubation time (up to 48 h) and inoculum size (0.7 ~2.0 O.D) on bacteriocin production was analyzed. The effect of all the parameters was first investigated using the one-factor-at-a-time method (OFAT) to see the significance of these parameters on bacteriocin production and then further optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Following OFAT analysis, all factors were found to have a significant effect on bacteriocin production. Bacteriocin production of 2,844 AU/mL was obtained at temperature 37oC, pH 6.7 and inoculum size 1.8 O.D at an incubation time of 20 h and it was produced during the stationary phase of growth. Statistical analysis showed that three variables-pH, temperature and incubation time have significant effects on bacteriocin production. RSM proved to be a powerful tool in the optimization of bacteriocin production by L. casei LA-1 with a two-fold increase,giving a production of 4652.15 AU/mL at pH 7.19, temperature 33.3oC and incubation time of 22.2 h.