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Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Exstrophy of the Bladder
Pramod Kumar Sharma,Praveen Kumar Pandey,Mukesh Kumar Vijay,Malay Kumar Bera,Jitendra Pratap Singh,Kaushik Saha 대한비뇨의학회 2013 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.54 No.8
Exstrophy of the bladder is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of about 1 per 50,000 newborns. The malignant potential of the exstrophied bladder mucosa is well known; 95% are adenocarcinomas, and 3% to 5% are squamous cell carcinomas. Most of the malignant tumors (60%) associated with an exstrophy of the bladder occur during the fourth and fifth decades of life. Of the remaining, about 20% each occur after 60 years and before 40 years. Here we present a case in which squamous cell carcinoma developed in an unrepaired exstrophy of the bladder. We present the management of the case and a brief review of the literature.
Effect of Non-Idealities on the Design and Performance of a DC-DC Buck Converter
Garg, Man Mohan,Pathak, Mukesh Kumar,Hote, Yogesh Vijay The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.3
In this study, the performance of a direct current (DC)-DC buck converter is analyzed in the presence of non-idealities in passive components and semiconductor devices. The effect of these non-idealities on the various design issues of a DC-DC buck converter is studied. An improved expression for duty cycle is developed to compensate the losses that occur because of the non-idealities. The design equations for inductor and capacitor calculation are modified based on this improved expression. The effect of the variation in capacitor equivalent series resistance (ESR) on output voltage ripple (OVR) is analyzed in detail. It is observed that the value of required capacitance increases with ESR. However, beyond a maximum value of ESR (r<sub>c,max</sub>), the capacitor is unable to maintain OVR within a specified limit. The expression of r<sub>c,max</sub> is derived in terms of specified OVR and inductor current ripple. Finally, these theoretical studies are validated through MATLAB simulation and experimental results.
Effect of Non-Idealities on the Design and Performance of a DC-DC Buck Converter
Man Mohan Garg,Mukesh Kumar Pathak,Yogesh Vijay Hote 전력전자학회 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.3
In this study, the performance of a direct current (DC)–DC buck converter is analyzed in the presence of non-idealities in passive components and semiconductor devices. The effect of these non-idealities on the various design issues of a DC–DC buck converter is studied. An improved expression for duty cycle is developed to compensate the losses that occur because of the non-idealities. The design equations for inductor and capacitor calculation are modified based on this improved expression. The effect of the variation in capacitor equivalent series resistance (ESR) on output voltage ripple (OVR) is analyzed in detail. It is observed that the value of required capacitance increases with ESR. However, beyond a maximum value of ESR (rc,max), the capacitor is unable to maintain OVR within a specified limit. The expression of rc,max is derived in terms of specified OVR and inductor current ripple. Finally, these theoretical studies are validated through MATLAB simulation and experimental results.