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John Kariuki Macharia,Elijah Oketch Ogolah,Jean Pierre Munyaneza 한국동물유전육종학회 2022 한국동물유전육종학회지 Vol.6 No.4
As a larger part of the livestock sector, the poultry farming sub-sector plays a vital role in the Kenyan economy by being a source of food, income, raw materials, and employment to many. Indigenous poultry farming is widely practised in rural households with a significant role in their financial stability and livelihoods. Indigenous chicken products are preferred by consumers due to their unique taste, high nutritional value, and organic production. The increased demand could offer an opportunity for the expansion of indigenous chicken farming in Kenya. Indigenous chickens are commonly reared extensively due to their scavenging abilities and resistance to diseases when compared to exotic breeds. Extensive systems of chicken farming face several challenges that limit productivity including diseases, poor husbandry practises, high cost of feeds, and unreliable marketing channels. Thus, the subsistence rearing of indigenous chickens with poor management practices can be characterized by lower production levels and profit margins. Nevertheless, all is not lost as there are promising opportunities to improve the productivity of indigenous chickens. This manuscript aims to describe the production systems and highlight constraints and opportunities for the expansion of indigenous chicken farming in Kenya.
Whole genome screening for deleterious alleles in Hanwoo cattle
Macharia John Kariuki,이동재,이승환,이준헌 한국동물유전육종학회 2024 한국동물유전육종학회지 Vol.8 No.1
Selective breeding of cattle increases the level of inbreeding and, as a result, the risk of transmitting deleterious recessive alleles in a population. Numerous genetic disorders have been identified in various breeds of cattle. Although these disorders occur sporadically, the widespread use of semen from carrier sires can increase their prevalence in a population. In this regard, routine testing and elimination of carrier bulls is essential. The availability of a large amount of genomic data enables the screening and identification of causal alleles in the absence of phenotypes. This study aimed to investigate the presence of candidate variants of genetic disorders in Hanwoo cattle using whole genome data. 16,970 cattle were genotyped using the 50K Illumina Bovine chip and imputed to the whole genome sequence level using reference data from 203 bulls. Genetic coordinates of previously reported mutations in cattle were obtained from the OMIA online database. The information was then used to screen for harmful alleles in Hanwoo cattle. Fortunately, we did not identify any candidate variants in the tested population. However, this study was limited to a small sample. Moreover, the reliability of the results could have been affected by low imputation accuracy and genotype liftover errors. In this regard, we recommend regular screening of the breeding cattle to minimize the prevalence of genetic disorders in Hanwoo cattle.
Minjun Kim,Thisarani Kalhari Ediriweera,Eunjin Cho,Yoonji Chung,Prabuddha Manjula,Myunghwan Yu,John Kariuki Macharia,Seonju Nam,Jun Heon Lee Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.6
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the differential expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene region in Eimeria-infected broiler. Methods: We profiled gene expression of Eimeria-infected and uninfected ceca of broilers sampled at 4, 7, and 21 days post-infection (dpi) using RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two sample groups were identified at each time point. DEGs located on chicken chromosome 16 were used for further analysis. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was conducted for the functional annotation of DEGs. Results: Fourteen significant (false discovery rate <0.1) DEGs were identified at 4 and 7 dpi and categorized into three groups: MHC-Y class I genes, MHC-B region genes, and non-MHC genes. In Eimeria-infected broilers, MHC-Y class I genes were upregulated at 4 dpi but downregulated at 7 dpi. This result implies that MHC-Y class I genes initially activated an immune response, which was then suppressed by Eimeria. Of the MHC-B region genes, the DMB1 gene was upregulated, and TAP-related genes significantly implemented antigen processing for MHC class I at 4 dpi, which was supported by KEGG pathway analysis. Conclusion: This study is the first to investigate MHC gene responses to coccidia infection in chickens using RNA sequencing. MHC-B and MHC-Y genes showed their immune responses in reaction to Eimeria infection. These findings are valuable for understanding chicken MHC gene function.