北宋北方陶瓷業興衰之硏究-以定窯系為中心的考察

米玲(Mi Ling),丁建軍(Ding JianJun),崔勇(Chui Yong) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2012 역사문화연구 Vol.44 No.-

瓷器는 중국 고대의 독창적인 예술의 한 분야 이며 고대인들의 생활수준을 한 단계 업그레이드 시켰을 뿐만 아니라 중국 전통 手工業의 발전을 보여주는 지표이다. 瓷器業은 지속적인 발전을 하였고 宋代에 이르러 한 단계 더 발전을 하였으며 定窯系, 鈞窯系, 磁州窯 등의 窯系가 등장하게 되었다. 定州曲陽을 중심으로한 定窯瓷器는 定窯系를 代表하였고 당시 瓷器製造業이 최고의 수준이었음을 보여준다. 북송시기에 定窯가 성행하였던 주요 이유는 세 가지가 있다. 첫째, 定州에는 자기업이 발전하는데 필요한 원료가 풍부하였다. 둘째, 하북의 邢窯의 영향을 받아 靑銅器鑄造 기술과 邢州窯의 工藝 技術을 바탕으로 하여 覆燒法과 印花, 刻花를 주로 하는 새로운 공예 기술을 창조하였다. 셋째, 唐宋社會變革의 시기에 고대 귀족들이 몰락을 하고 金銀器, 靑銅器 등이 시장에서 퇴출당하고 瓷器가 民間에서 日用品으로 사용되게 되었다. 北宋 末年에 이르러 定瓷를 중심으로 하는 北方b陶瓷器業은 衰落을 하였는데 수많은 원인이 있지만 戰爭으로 인한 쇠락이 가장 큰 원인이고 대량으로 瓷器를 생산 하게 되면서 자기의 원료가 부족하게 되었고 模造品이 시장에 등장하면서 이로 인해 窯瓷器 시장이 위축되게 되었다. 이외에도 北宋後期에 宋 徽宗時期에 통치자들 사이에서 靑器를 많이 사용하였고 白瓷를 중심으로 하는 定瓷는 高級 瓷器 시장에서 퇴출되게 되었다. 定窯系를 중심으로 한 宋代 北方 窯系는 중국 고대 瓷器史에서 南方의 瓷窯와 北方의 金元瓷器業에 큰 영향을 끼쳤으며 다른 나라의 瓷器業에도 많은 영향을 주었다. There are mainly three reasons why Ding kiln reached its heyday in Northern song dynasty: first, Ding kiln had the abound porcelain which were needed in the development of porcelain industry; second, because of the influence of Hebei Xing kiln, as well as on the basis of local bronze casting technology and Xing Zhou kiln craft technology, it made innovation the “inverse burning” as well as new craft like printing and engraved designs; three, it adapted to the social change of Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty, after the fall of ancient aristocratic, golden ware, silver ware and bronze ware exited the mainstream market, china became the main commodity of common people, and it suitable for the social needs. But in the end of Northern song dynasty, North china ceramics whose representative is Ding kiln declined gradually. There were many reasons, but the destruction of the war was the most direct factor, while the large quantities of porcelain production caused the exhaustion and shortage of porcelain clay resources and fuel,; at the same time, many similar products of the generic competition compressed the market of Ding kiln; In addition, the ruling circle whose head was Emperor Huizong of Song was favor of Qing porcelain, Ding kiln which mainly produced White porcelain retreated from the top grade of china ceramic market. However, the North ceramics whose representative is Ding kiln in Song Dynasty had an important influence in ancient Chinese porcelain history, which mainly reflected in its influence to the South ceramics and the North Jin Yuan devices.

Estimating Modal Shift by Introducing Transit Priority Strategies under Congested Traffic using the Multinomial Logit Model

Ling Ding,Ning Zhang 대한토목학회 2017 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.21 No.6

Researchers have been seeking approaches to persuade car users to shift to mass transit through implementing transit priority strategies. Widely used transit priority strategies include a Managed Bus Lane (MBL), transit fare discount, and an increase in parking fees. Most previous studies have focused on the implementation of a single priority strategy, which may not be sufficient enough to induce a significant shift in travel mode. This study aims to investigate the effect of multiple transit priority strategies, also known as multi-strategy, on the travel modal shift of car users. For this purpose, the effects of the three single strategies and the multistrategy on travel modal shift were compared. A logit model was employed to estimate the choice in travel mode based on the Revealed Preference/stated Preference (RP/SP) data. The findings in this study were compared with those reported in previous studies as well. The results showed that the increase in parking fees has the most influential impact on the travel modal shift of car users, followed by the MBL. Comparatively, a transit fare discount was found to be unattractive for car users to make a change to mass transit. On the other hand, the multi-strategy showed remarkably higher effects on the travel modal shift of car users, but is not a simple superposition of the three single strategies. Additionally, the estimated probability of the shift in transit sharing rate based on RP/SP data was found to be much higher than the actual sharing rate, indicating that the SP data may overestimate the respondents’ actual choice.

Transcriptome analysis of flower colour reveals the correlation between SNP and differential expression genes in Phalaenopsis

Ding Yu,Wang Ma-Yin,Yang Ding-Hai,Hao Dai-Cheng,Li Wei-Shi,Ling Peng,Xie Shang-Qian 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.12

Background Phalaenopsis is an important ornamental plant that has great economic value in the world flower market as one of the most popular flower resources. Objective To investigate the flower colour formation of Phalaenopsis at the transcription level, the genes involved in flower color formation were identified from RNA-seq in this study. Methods In this study, white and purple petals of Phalaenopsis were collected and analyzed to obtained (1) differential expression genes (DEGs) between white and purple flower color and (2) the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) mutations and DEGs at the transcriptome level. Results The results indicated that a total of 1,175 DEGs were identified, and 718 and 457 of them were up- and down-regulated genes, respectively. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment showed that the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolites pathway was key to color formation, and the expression of 12 crucial genes (C4H, CCoAOMT, F3’H, UA3’5’GT, PAL, 4CL, CCR, CAD, CALDH, bglx, SGTase, and E1.11.17) that are involved in the regulation of flower color in Phalaenopsis. Conclusion This study reported the association between the SNP mutations and DEGs for color formation at RNA level, and provides a new insight to further investigate the gene expression and its relationship with genetic variants from RNA-seq data in other species.

Biotechnology and Biomedicine : a Case Study with Recombinant Limulus Factor C

Ling, Ding Jeak,Bow, Ho 대한의생명과학회 2002 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.8 No.1

Efficient Virtual Backbone Construction with Routing Cost Constraint in Wireless Networks Using Directional Antennas

Ling Ding,Weili Wu,Willson, J.,Hongjie Du,Wonjun Lee IEEE 2012 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING Vol.11 No.7

<P>Directional antennas can divide the transmission range into several sectors. Thus, through switching off sectors in unnecessary directions in wireless networks, we can save bandwidth and energy consumption. In this paper, we will study a directional virtual backbone (VB) in the network where directional antennas are used. When constructing a VB, we will take routing and broadcasting into account since they are two common operations in wireless networks. Hence, we will study a VB with guaranteed routing costs, named α Minimum rOuting Cost Directional VB (α-MOC-DVB). Besides the properties of regular VBs, α-MOC-DVB also has a special constraint - for any pair of nodes, there exists at least one path all intermediate directions on which must belong to α-MOC-DVB and the number of intermediate directions on the path is smaller than α times that on the shortest path. We prove that construction of a minimum α-MOC-DVB is an NP-hard problem in a general directed graph. A heuristic algorithm is proposed and theoretical analysis is also discussed in the paper. Extensive simulations demonstrate that our α-MOC-DVB is much more efficient in the sense of VB size and routing costs compared to other VBs.</P>

Research Articles : Genetic analysis of the related traits of flowering and silk for hybrid seed production in maize

( Hui Ling Xie ),( Dong Ding ),( ZI Tian Cui ),( Xin Wu ),( Yan Min Hu ),( Zong Hua Liu ),( Yu Ling Li ),( Ji Hua Tang ) 한국유전학회 2010 Genes & Genomics Vol.32 No.1

Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol Isolated from Ishige okamurae Suppresses Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and Attenuates Obesity in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Yu Ling Ding,Seung-Won Myung,Ouibo Hwang,Seung Tae Im,Yebin Jang,Min Seong Kwon,Seung-Hong Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2019 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2019 No.10

Neurotrophic Artemin Promotes Motility and Invasiveness of MIA PaCa-2 Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Meng, Ling-Xin,Chi, Yu-Hua,Wang, Xiang-Xu,Ding, Zhao-Jun,Fei, Li-Cong,Zhang, Hong,Mou, Ling,Cui, Wen,Xue, Ying-Jie Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5

Objective: To analyze the capacity of neurotrophic artemin to promote the motility and invasiveness of MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. Methods: MIA PaCa-2 was cultured in vitro and studied using transwell chambers for motility and invasiveness on treatment with different concentrations of aArtemin or its receptor $GFR{\alpha}3$ were also determined. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) was quantified using RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results: MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell motility and invasiveness was significantly increased with artemin and its receptor $GFR{\alpha}3$ with dose dependence (P<0.01). MMP-2 production was also significantly increased (t = 6.35, t = 7.32), while E-cadherin was significantly lowered (t = 4.27, t = 5.61) (P <0.01). Conclusion: Artemin and its receptor $GFR{\alpha}3$ can promote pancreatic cancer cell motility and invasiveness and contribute to aggressive behavior. The mechanism may be related to increased expression of MMP-2 molecule and down-regulation of E-cadherin expression.

Antioxidant and Anti-melanogenesis Activities of Ultrasonic Extract from Jeju Island Red Sea Cucumber (Stichopus japonicus)

Yu Ling Ding,Ouibo Hwang,Seung Tae Im,Seung-Won Myung,Yebin Jang,Min Seong Kwon,Junseong Kim,Eun-A Kim,Soo-Jin Heo,Seung-Hong Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2019 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2019 No.10

韓國古代文人對屈原“美人”意象的接受

정해령 ( Ding Hai Ling ) 한국시가문화학회(구 한국고시가문화학회) 2016 한국시가문화연구 Vol.0 No.38

원의 부(賦)에서 여러 여성 인물을 형상화하였는데, 그 중 “미인”의 형상은 가장 대표적인 의미를 가지고 있다. “미인”의 형상은《시경》으로 거슬러 올라가며 현실주의를 지니고 있는《시경》에서 “미인”에 대한 묘사는 현실 생활 속에 진실한 사람과 관련된 것이다. 굴원은 중국 시가(詩歌) 역사상 최초로 “미인”을 의식적으로 아름다운 정치와 밝은 군주의 상징으로 비유하였다. 아름다운 정치와 밝은 군주라는 이상을 추구했던 굴원이 비록 현실 속에서는 여러 번 좌절당하지만, 아름다운 정치를 추구하는 그의 숭고한 정신은 세인들의 경앙을 받아 왔다. 이에 굴원의 “미인” 형상은 후세 및 국내외의 문학에 깊은 영향을 끼쳐 역대 문인들이 본보기로 삼아 학습하는 문학전범이 되었다. 특히 굴원과 그의 작품이《문선(文選)》을 통해 한국 문학계에 들어왔을 때, 한국과 초나라의 정치 환경이 서로 비슷하였는데, 한국의 문인명사들은 불안정하고 부패한 사회 환경 속에서 정신적으로 위로해줄 약을 찾지 않을 수 없었다.《초사》에 나타난 굴원의 충정한 애국심은 특별히 추앙을 받았고, 생사의 선택에서 굴원이 보여준 굴절된 인격의 가치 및 그의 작품에서 향초 미인으로 비유한 군신과 이상에 대한 추구 등에서 드러난 인격적인 매력은 역대 한국의 문인묵객을 감화시켜 그들이 잇따라《초사》와 관련된 내용을 소재로 의소(擬騷), 조소(吊騷) 등 문학 작품들을 저술했다. 고려 시기와 조선 시기에 “미인”의 형상을 소재로 한 작품들이 많이 나타났으며, 이러한 작품들의 출현은 한국 한문학과 시가 문학의 발전을 크게 촉진시켰다. There are many types of women images created in the Fu of Qu Yuan ,in which the image of ‘the beauty’ is the most representative one.This image can be traced back to the ‘the book of songs’,in which it referred to person in real life.Qu Yuan was the first one who consciously compared‘the beauty’ to the good politics and capable and moral monarch in the Chinese poetry history, for which he suffered many setbacks,however,his spirit was highly admired by people.The image of ‘the beauty’ has a profound impact on the literature in later times and at home and abroad, and become the literature model imitated and learned by writers in all ages. When the works of Qu Yuan entered into the Korean literary circles with ‘the selection of literary works’, the political environment in Korea was similar to the Chu country. The writers and celebrities in Korea had to look for some mental consolation under this unrest and corrupt social environment.Qu Yuan’s loyalty and patriotic to his country in his works was highly respected. His personality reflected in his choice of death and his pursuit of good relationship between the monarch and his ministers deeply influenced the Korean writers in all ages. They wrote lots of poems which imitated or paid respect to the works of Qu Yuan. Lots of works used ‘the beauty’ image as their content during the Korea and North Korea periods, which greatly promoted the development of Korean Chinese literature and poetry.