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Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated Cl<sup>-</sup> Current in Gastric Antral Myocytes
Lee. Moo-Yeol,Bang. Hyo-Weon,Uhm. Dae-Yong,Rhee. Sang-Don 대한생리학회 1994 대한생리학회지 Vol.28 No.2
The whole-cell mode of the patch clamp technique was used to study Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated Cl<sup>-</sup> current (I<sub>Cl</sub><sub>Ca</sub>) in gastric antral myocytes. Extracellular application of caffeine evoked Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated current. In order to isolate the chloride current from background current, all known systems were blocked with specific blockers. The current-voltage relationship of caffeine-induced current showed outward rectification and it reversed at around E<sub>Cl<sup>-</sup></sub>. The shift of reversal potential upon the alteration of external and internal chloride concentrations was well fitted with results which were calculated by the Nernst equation. Extracellular addition of N-phenylanthranilic acid and niflumic acid which are known anion channel blockers abolished the caffeine induced current. Intracellular application of a high concentration of EGTA also abolished this current. Application of c-AMP, c-GMP, heparin, or AIF<sup>-</sup><sub>4</sub> made no remarkable changes to this current. Sodium replacement with the impermeable cation N-methylglucamine or with Cd<sup>2+</sup> rarely affected this current. From the above results it is suggested that the caffeine induced current was a Cl<sup>-</sup> current and it was activated by intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>.
Ginsenoside Rg3 ameliorated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis through downregulation of STAT5-PPARγ
Lee, Jin-Bong,Yoon, Sung-Jin,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Lee, Moo-Seung,Jung, Haiyoung,Kim, Tae-Don,Yoon, Suk Ran,Choi, Inpyo,Kim, Ik-Soo,Chung, Su Wol,Lee, Hee Gu,Min, Jeong-Ki,Park, Young-Jun Journal of Endocrinology, Ltd. [etc.] 2017 The Journal of endocrinology Vol. No.
<P>Healthy expansion of adipose tissue maintains metabolic homeostasis by storing excess chemical energy in increased fat mass. The STAT5-PPAR gamma pathway reportedly regulates adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. Ginsenoside Rg3 is one of the diverse groups of steroidal saponins, the major active components of ginseng, which have demonstrated pharmacological properties. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of ginsenoside Rg3 under pathological conditions in vitro and in vivo. We examined the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on glucose level, insulin sensitivity and lipogenesis in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. Ginsenoside Rg3 was also applied to the pre-adipocyte cell line 3T3-L1 to assess the impact on lipogenesis. Ginsenoside Rg3 reduced epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) size and hepatic steatosis, and the amount of triglycerides (TGs) in both eWAT and liver. Similar to the murine model, Rg3-treated 3T3-L1 cells showed a reduction in lipid accumulation and amount of total TGs. Ginsenoside Rg3 regulates the expression of PPAR gamma though STAT5 in vitro and in vivo. According to our results, lipid metabolism-related genes were downregulated in the high-fat mice and 3T3-L1 cell line. Rg3 shows potential for the amelioration of obesity-induced pathology, acting though STAT5-PPAR gamma to facilitate the healthy functioning of adipose tissue. This is the first report of evidence that obesity-induced insulin resistance and lipotoxicity can be treated with ginsenoside Rg3, which acts though the STAT5-PPAR gamma pathway in vivo and in vitro.</P>
Lee, Don-Wook,Park, Kyeng Min,Banerjee, Mainak,Ha, Sang Hoon,Lee, Taehoon,Suh, Kyungwon,Paul, Somak,Jung, Hyuntae,Kim, Jaeyoon,Selvapalam, Narayanan,Ryu, Sung Ho,Kim, Kimoon Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2011 Nature chemistry Vol.3 No.2
Membrane proteomics, the large-scale global analysis of membrane proteins, is often constrained by the efficiency of separating and extracting membrane proteins. Recent approaches involve conjugating membrane proteins with the small molecule biotin and using the receptor streptavidin to extract the labelled proteins. Despite the many advantages of this method, several shortcomings remain, including potential contamination by endogenously biotinylated molecules and interference by streptavidin during analytical stages. Here, we report a supramolecular fishing method for membrane proteins using the synthetic receptor??ligand pair cucurbit[7]uril??1-trimethylammoniomethylferrocene (CB[7]??AFc). CB[7]-conjugated beads selectively capture AFc-labelled proteins from heterogeneous protein mixtures, and AFc-labelling of cells results in the efficient capture of membrane proteins by these beads. The captured proteins can be recovered easily at room temperature by treatment with a strong competitor such as 1,1??bis(trimethylammoniomethyl)ferrocene. This synthetic but biocompatible host??guest system may be a useful alternative to streptavidin??biotin for membrane proteomics as well as other biological and biotechnological applications.
Morphological Development of Embryo, Larvae and Juvenile in Yellowtail Kingfish, Seriola lalandi
Sang Geun Yang,Sang Woo Hur,Seung Cheol Ji,Sang Gu Lim,Bong Seok Kim,Minhwan Jeong,Chi Hoon Lee,Young-Don Lee 한국발생생물학회 2016 발생과 생식 Vol.20 No.2
This study monitored the morphological development of embryo, larvae and juvenile yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi, for their aquaculture. The fertilized eggs obtained by natural spawning were spherical shape and buoyant. Fertilized eggs were transparent and had one oil globule in the yolk, with an egg diameter of 1.35 ± 0.04 mm and an oil globule diameter of 0.32 ± 0.02 mm. The fertilized eggs hatched 67–75 h after fertilization in water at 20 ± 0.5°C. The total length (TL) of the hatched larvae was 3.62 ± 0.16 mm. During hatching, the larvae, with their mouth and anus not yet opened. The yolk was completely absorbed 3 days after hatching (DAH), while the TL of post-larvae was 4.72 ± 0.07 mm. At 40 DAH, the juveniles had grown to 30.44 ± 4.07 mm in TL, body depth increased, the body color changed to a black, yellow, and light gray-blue color, and 3–4 vertical stripes appeared. At 45 DAH, the juveniles were 38.67 ± 5.65 mm in TL and 10.10 ± 0.94 mm in body depth. The fish were green with a light orange color, with 7 faint green-brown stripes on the sides of their body. At 87 DAH, the juveniles had grown to 236.11 mm in TL, 217.68 mm in fork length, and 136.5 g in weight. The fish resembled their adult form, with a light yellow-green body color, loss of the pattern on the sides of their body, and a yellow coloration at the tip of the caudal fin.
Sang-Chun Lee,Yong-Oun Han,Hyun-Seung Shin,Hyung-Don Lee 대한설비공학회 1994 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.2 No.-
Experiments have been carried out to investigate the statistical characteristics of instantaneous pressure drops at a sharp-edged orifice for condensing flow with R-113. Tests were made for several two-phase flow regimes such as plug, slug, wavy and annualr flows. The probability density function (PDF), the power spectral density function (PSDF) and the autocorrelation function of the instantaneous pressure drop traces for the flow regimes were obtained. It was found that some distinctive features existed in the distribution of these functions, depending upon the two-phase flow pattern. Some statistical properties of the traces were also calculated such as the skewness coefficient and the kurtosis coefficient. These results indicate that the two-phase flow regime may be identified based on a statistical analysis of the instantaneous pressure drop trace at the orifices.