From Power to Biopower

Paul?Antoine Miquel 인천대학교 인문학연구소 2011 인문학연구 Vol.15 No.-

Unacceptable but Indispensable: Opium Law and Regulations in Guangdong, 1912-1936

Xavier Paulès 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2013 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.7

During most of the period from 1912 to 1936, Guangdong Province was independent from the central government. The local authorities there were facing a dilemma regarding opium, as others were elsewhere in China. On the one hand, opium was considered the symbol of China’s weakness, and its suppression was a top priority; on the other hand, opium taxes represented an indispensable source of fiscal income. Some Guangdong power holders were truly committed to a suppression agenda, especially from 1913 to 1924. During this period, with the exception of a brief interlude from 1915 to 1916, opium laws were prohibition laws. Even if these laws were not always enforced with full vigor, the drug remained illegal in Guangdong. After 1924, opium was legalized, and the authorities openly ruled an opium monopoly. They came out with increasingly comprehensive regulations, which proved successful in increasing opium revenues. Yet, as this article makes clear, there was nothing like direct government control: traditional tax-farming arrangements with local opium merchants (though under stricter supervision) remained the backbone of the monopoly. The article also pays attention to the influence of the Six-Year Plan (1935–1940) launched by the Nanking government. As a credible set of suppression laws, it appealed to the Guangdong progressive elites who were hostile to opium. They urged the local autocrat Chen Jitang to take similar action. Chen made attempts to launch his own plans for suppressing opium, but they were unconvincing and nothing concrete came out of them. This article suggests that, in order to obtain a better understanding of how easily Chen Jitang was driven out of power in the summer of 1936, it is necessary to take into account the significant contribution of the Six-Year Plan in undermining his legitimacy.

Issues in Hiriong People with Disabilities Expressed by Employers

Christina Kim,Heidi Paul 국립특수교육원 2007 특수교육연구 Vol.14 No.1

고용주의 장애인 고용에 대한 현안사항 탐색-미국 캘리포니아 지역을 중심으로 -Christina Kimm* Heidi Paul**이 연구는 장애인을 고용할 때 고용주가 갖는 기대와 문제점을 주목적으로 장애인의 고용률을 증가시킬 수 있는 요소가 무엇인지를 알아보고자 하는 연구이다 . 연구의 참가자는 미국 캘리포니아주 남부(남가주)에 사업체를 가지고 있는 2,000여 명의 고용주들에게 설문지를 보내어 약 665명으로부터 얻은 결과를 기록했다 . 참가자는 남가주 지역사회의 구성인원의 비율보다는 동양인과 히스패닉

도시하천의 수자원 최적활용을 위한 종합 수질관리

정팔진,김민정,김종신 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1998 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.1

The aims of this study is to develop the theoretical basis for a more efficient utilization of the water quality management and its application to the management of water resources of the urban system, thus leading to a more integrated water management system for a more optimum use of the water resources. The results of study is summarized below. Hydraulic and hydrological studies were carried out on sites at Chonju(Chonju-cheon, sam-cheon). The following results are obtained. In the Chonju city area, the flow rate of the urban stream, Sam-cheon, is influenced by the quantity of domestic wastewater being discharged into the receiving body, which can have significant effct on its water quality. On the other hand, Chonju cheon is affected by the domestic wastewater as well as by the effluence of the industrial wastewater. The urban streams of the Chonju city run through the center of the city and the neighbouring industrial complex. The wasters of these urban streams are found to contain high levels of suspended materials causing high turbidity, and odours resulting from degradation of organic matters.

용담댐 유역의 오염부하량과 수질특성에 관한 연구

정팔진,김민정,권지영 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

To investigate the water quality of the Yongdam dam, samples were collected 4 times during this study period at four stations each season. The water quality of the Youngdam as water temperature 20.1℃, pH 7.9, DO 10㎎/ℓ, BOD 2.1㎎/ℓ, SS 3.9㎎/ℓ, T-N 1.029㎎/ℓ, T-P 0.026㎎/ℓ was measured. This study was investigated for the pollution load of water quality in the basin of Yongdam. Pollution loading ; that BOD 27,646.7㎏/d, SS 104,508.5㎏/d, T-N 5,049㎏/d, and T-P 2,582㎏/d was estimated respectively. According to the inflowing stream loading, BOD loading was caused by livestock, population and land sequentially. SS, T-N, and T-P were contributed to livestock, population and land sequentially.

축산폐수 처리시 연계처리 가능성과 미생물의 특성에 관한 연구

정팔진,현미희,김민정 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2002 工學硏究 Vol.33 No.-

The livestock waste which contains a high concentration of nutrients was operated by aerobic digestion process and activated sludge process in order to observe the characteristics of biological N·P elimination. In addition, this result was different form that of municipal waste-water because of a complicated reaction caused by the characteristics of highly concentrated waste-water. After an aerobic process was operated for 15datys(HRT), NO3-N increased from 175 ㎎/L in influent to 980㎎/L in effluent and dissolved P increased from 51㎎/L in influent to 143㎎/L in effluent. Consequently, the treatment of P and N cause a big economic problem during the second-stage operation. When effluent which goes through an aerobic process in the second-stage operation is continuously treated by activated sludge, this effluent with or without O_3 contacts is experimented. The sample analysis was carried out by the class filter. The elimination rate of organic materials is not quite different form that of N·P due to the fact that the concentration of dissolved organic materials is very low, compared to NBD. However, the reactor is generally stable because its influent contacts with O_3 and there are a variety of microorganisms when they are observed through a microscope.

농촌소유역의 강우시 유출유량과 수질과의 관계연구

정팔진,조선영 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1999 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study is to find out characteristics of nonpoint source-pollutant loads. For this, aspects of water quality change in storm days, the relationships for stream flow versus pollutant mass loads was studied. Also the pollutant contributions from nonpoint sources and loading rates was measured. In this study, the Sumjin river drainage, two of Holding reservoir upstreams, was investigated. The reults of this study are as follows. · Changes in water quality showed that parameters such as SS, COD, PO_4-P, T-P, NH_4-N concentration increased about two ∼ ten times during rain situations. On the other hand, NO_2-N, NO_3-N, T-N concentration decreased about two third times as the concentration in dry periods. · The regression equations for stream flow versus pollutant loads were obtained : SS, COD, BOD_5, NH_4-N, NO_2-N, NO_3-N, T-N, PO_4-P, T-P, Chl-a

소양천의 수질현황 및 영양도 판정에 관한 고찰

정팔진,김민정,권지영 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

This study was performed in order to estimate the water quality and the trophic state for Soyang Stream. To investigate the water quality of Soyang Stream, samples were collected 3 times during this study period at seven points. The water quality criteria of the Soyang Stream is polluted over second grade. Particularly, Soyang chun were polluted highly from pollution of the branches. By using the standards of EPA, the standards of Forsberg & Sakamoto, the standard of Vollenweider and KTSI, this study was done the present condition of trophication for Soyang Stream. The limiting factor of Soyang Stream was T-P by the standards of Forsberg & Sakamoto and the standard of Vollenweider. By using the standards of EPA, the standard of Vollenweider and KTSI, the result was "eutrophic" at all points of Soyang Stream.

Burkholderia cepacia를 이용한 축산폐수의 처리

정팔진,조선영,현미희,김민정,이은주,전민식 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.6

We found that the Bacterium Burkholderia cepacia in livestock wastewater treatment plant was predominant species. We investigated the growth rate of this and treatment characteristics for organic matter and nitrogen removal in livestock wastewater using this microorganism. First, we cultured B. cepacia. And then, to conducted treatment for livestock wastewater by using B. cepacia., we changed C/N from 0.2~4.4. When we operated A and B process, changing F/M ratio from 1.2 to 4.4. In experiment of C/N variations, when C/N was 1.8, we found that the optimal condition for organic matter and nutrient removal effect was higher and the removal efficiency of SCOD_(cr), SBOD_5, NH₄-N was 78.4%, 95% and 74.8%. So, It is possible to treat the wastewater having the lower C/N contents such as livestock wastewater using this microorganism. In experiment of A and B process for livestock wastewater, we found that the removal efficiency of organic matter and nitrogen in operating mode of A process was higher than that of B process. Also, the optimal F/M operating A process was 0.013 and the removal efficiency of SBOD_5, SCOD_(cr), TN and TP were 97%, 60%, 95% and 91%.

정수장에서 SCUM의 발생원인과 제거방안

정팔진,차화정,곽동희 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1995 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.10 No.1

This study was performed to present the removal method and occurrence cause of scum in water treatment plant of Chonju city. Because e scum generally involves foam and bubble, occurred scum in especially Jigok water treatment plant among the water treatment plants of Chonju city makes not only much difficulty for treatment, but also the problem of an aesthetic In the result, the cause of scum occurrence was happened by ABS components and occurred bubble. ABS results from the input of domestic and industrial waste water. It forms bubble on the water surface in the process of fall and coagulation, and forms scum on the water surface in the condition of capture and rise of coagulated floc. Daesung water treatment plant appeared ABS concentration of 0.25∼0.32ppm, where that of Jigok water treatment was 0.37∼0.42ppm. As the DO saturation rate to intake station and gauging well was investigated, and the retention time of water channel was considered, the air bubble was occurred by the separation of supersaturation DO because of the intake air. Therefore, the cause of scum generation was found to the air bubble mentioned above. So, it was required to minimize the air intaking at pump and pipe line.