Proteasomal ATPase-Associated Factor 1 Negatively Regulates Proteasome Activity by Interacting with Proteasomal ATPases

Park, Yoon,Hwang, Yong-Pil,Lee, Jong-Sik,Seo, Sang-Hyun,Yoon, Sungjoo Kim,Yoon, Jong-Bok American Society for Microbiology 2005 Molecular and cellular biology Vol.25 No.9

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>The 26S proteasome, composed of the 20S core and the 19S regulatory complex, plays a central role in ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis by catalyzing degradation of polyubiquitinated proteins. In a search for proteins involved in regulation of the proteasome, we affinity purified the 19S regulatory complex from HeLa cells and identified a novel protein of 43 kDa in size as an associated protein. Immunoprecipitation analyses suggested that this protein specifically interacted with the proteasomal ATPases. Hence the protein was named proteasomal ATPase-associated factor 1 (PAAF1). Immunoaffinity purification of PAAF1 confirmed its interaction with the 19S regulatory complex and further showed that the 19S regulatory complex bound with PAAF1 was not stably associated with the 20S core. Overexpression of PAAF1 in HeLa cells decreased the level of the 20S core associated with the 19S complex in a dose-dependent fashion, suggesting that PAAF1 binding to proteasomal ATPases inhibited the assembly of the 26S proteasome. Proteasomal degradation assays using reporters based on green fluorescent protein revealed that overexpression of PAAF1 inhibited the proteasome activity in vivo. Furthermore, the suppression of PAAF1 expression that is mediated by small inhibitory RNA enhanced the proteasome activity. These results suggest that PAAF1 functions as a negative regulator of the proteasome by controlling the assembly/disassembly of the proteasome.</P>

The HECT domain of TRIP12 ubiquitinates substrates of the ubiquitin fusion degradation pathway.

Park, Yoon,Yoon, Sungjoo Kim,Yoon, Jong-Bok American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2009 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.284 No.3

<P>The ubiquitin fusion degradation (UFD) pathway is a proteolytic system conserved in yeast and mammals in which an uncleavable ubiquitin moiety linked to the N terminus of a protein functions as a degradation signal of the fusion protein. Although key components of the UFD pathway in yeast have been identified, the E3 enzyme of the human UFD pathway has not been studied. In this work, we show that TRIP12 is the E3 enzyme of the human UFD pathway. Thus, TRIP12 catalyzes in vitro ubiquitination of UFD substrates in conjunction with E1, E2, and E4 enzymes. Knockdown of TRIP12 stabilizes not only artificial UFD substrates but a physiological substrate UBB+1. Moreover, TRIP12 knockdown reduces UBB+1-induced cell death in human neuroblastoma cells. Surprisingly, complementation of TRIP12 knockdown cells with the TRIP12 HECT domain mostly restores efficient degradation of UFD substrates, indicating that the TRIP12 HECT domain can act as the E3 enzyme for the UFD pathway in human cells. The TRIP12 HECT domain directs ubiquitination of UFD substrates in vitro and can be specifically cross-linked to the ubiquitin moiety of the substrates in vivo, suggesting that the TRIP12 HECT domain possesses a noncovalent ubiquitin-binding site. In addition, we demonstrate that UbDeltaGG, a mutant ubiquitin that cannot be conjugated to other proteins, is a substrate of the TRIP12 HECT domain both in vivo and in vitro, indicating that the C-terminal extension fused to the uncleavable ubiquitin is not required for substrate recognition in the UFD pathway. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of the mammalian UFD pathway and the functional nonequivalence of different HECT domains.</P>

A novel missense mutation in the mouse hairless gene causes irreversible hair loss: Genetic and molecular analyses of <i>Hr</i>^{<i>m1</i><i>Enu</i>}

Nam, YoonYi,Kim, Jeong Ki,Cha, Dal-Sun,Cho, Jae-Woo,Cho, Kyu-Hyuk,Yoon, SeokJoo,Yoon, Jong-Bok,Oh, Yang-Seok,Suh, Jun-Gyo,Han, Sang-Seop,Song, Chang-Woo,Yoon, SungJoo Kim Elsevier 2006 Genomics Vol.87 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A novel autosomal recessive mutant was produced using <I>N</I>-ethyl-<I>N</I>-nitrosourea mutagenesis. The characteristics of the mutant mice included progressive irreversible hair loss within a month of birth, wrinkled skin, and long curved nails. Linkage analysis revealed that the causative gene is linked to <I>D14Mit193</I> on chromosome 14. Sequence analysis of the complete cDNA of the candidate gene, <I>hairless</I> (<I>Hr</I>), identified a homozygous G-to-T transition at nucleotide 3572, leading to the substitution of glycine by tryptophan, designated Gly960Trp. This missense mutation occurs in the vicinity of repression domain 3 of the hairless protein (HR). This allele was named <I>Hr</I><SUP><I>m1Enu</I></SUP><I>.</I> The relative amounts of <I>Hr</I> mRNA and HR protein determined by real-time PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively, were slightly elevated in the mutant mice. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed the increased expression of <I>Kc1</I> and <I>Vdr</I> in the mutant mice, whereas the expression of <I>Nrs1</I> and <I>Krtap16-6</I> was decreased. These results suggest that the Gly960Trp substitution in HR protein in <I>Hr</I><SUP><I>m1Enu</I></SUP> mice may alter the function of HR as a transcriptional corepressor.</P>

The Prevalence and Characteristics of Anemia after Intensive Care with a Restrictive Transfusion Strategy

Sungjoo Park(박성주),Chi-Min Park,Kyoung Won Yoon,Eunmi Gil,Keesang Yoo,Kyoung Jin Choi 대한외과학회 2021 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.5

지방보조금 관리 및 평가체계 개선방향에 대한 제언

윤태섭(Yoon Taeseop),이삼주(Lee Samjoo),김성주(Kim Sungjoo) 한국지방정부학회 2016 지방정부연구 Vol.20 No.1

In May 2014, local grants evaluation system was legalized through amendment to Local Finance Act. Therefore, local governments should abide by the law with regard to organizing, managing, and evaluating local grants. In addition, local governments must reflect the result of performance evaluation of their local grants in FY 2016 budget. However, local governments have a difficult in local grants evaluation, especially performance evaluation because the standard of local grant evaluation is in poor condition. This study is to review the definition, current condition, and several cases of local grants, and then to suggest improvement plan to local grants evaluation system. For doing so, this study reviews the current standard of local grant performance evaluation, analyzes current condition and weakness of local grants evaluation system, and suggests improvement plan to evaluation system of local grants. The major points are followings. First, in the view point of management system, this study suggest improvements with respect to changes in law and manual and management process of local governments regarding local grants. Second, in the view point of evaluation system, this study suggests improvements with respect to dual evaluation system such as a new local grant and a continuing grant. 2014년 5월 지방재정법이 개정되어 그 동안 지방자치단체의 조례 및 중앙정부 훈령 등으로 규정해 오던 지방보조금의 편성, 사업의 수행 및 관리, 성과평가 등에 대한 기준이 법제화되었다. 그러나 2016년 예산편성 시부터 지방보조사업에 대한 평가결과가 반영되어야 함에도 불구하고 평가기준이 대부분 정성지표 위주로 구성되어 있어 지방자치단체 입장에서 지방보조금에 대한 객관적 평가에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지방보조금에 대한 개념 정리, 제도 운영 현황 및 국내외 사례 등을 정리하고, 이를 통해 지방보조금에 대한 평가기준에 대한 개선방향 제시 및 객관적인 지방보조금 평가에 대한 개선안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 현행 지방보조금 평가기준을 살펴보고 당면현황 및 문제점을 분석한 뒤 이를 바탕으로 지방보조금 관리체계에 대한 개선방향을 제시하였다. 개선방향의 주요 요지는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 관리체계 측면에서 제도적 개선으로 법령과 매뉴얼의 변경과 관련된 사항을 중심으로 개선방향으로 제시하였으며 운영 개선으로 지방자치단체의 지방보조금 관리 과정을 중심으로 개선방향을 제시하였다. 둘째, 평가체계 측면에서 현행 지방보조금 평가 매뉴얼에서 제시하는 기준을 이원화하여 신 규사업에 대한 평가와 계속사업에 대한 평가로 나누어 개선방향을 제시하였다.

A Study on the Performance Evaluation of Boron Waste Liquid Separation/Concentration Using Electrochemical Techniques

Minhyuk Yoon,Yongmin Park,Gibeom Park,Woohyeon Rhee,Sungjoo Kang,Seungil Kim,Duckwon Kang 한국방사성폐기물학회 2021 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.2021 No.06

중소기업의 오픈 이노베이션 모형

윤병운(Byungun Yoon),이성주(Sungjoo Lee) 한국기술혁신학회 2010 기술혁신학회지 Vol.13 No.1

최근 많은 기업들이 다른 혁신 주체들과의 협력을 통한 오픈 이노베이션을 수행하고 있지만 중소기업에 관련된 연구나 사례분석에는 많은 관심이 기울여지지 않고 있다. 그러나 중소기업의 경쟁력은 전반적으로 충분하지 못해서 외부의 리소스에 접근하거나 다른 기업들과 협력하기에 매우 어려움을 토로하고 있다. 또한 많은 중소기업들이 유통, 서비스, 판매 등과 관련된 외부 리소스에 의존하고 있으나 오픈 이노베이션과 관련된 연구들은 대개 연구개발이나 생산에만 집중하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중소기업의 오픈 이노베이션을 촉진하기 위한 방법과 정책을 제시하고 중소기업이 채택할 수 있는 다양한 형태의 오픈 이노베이션 유형을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 중소기업이 선택할 수 있는 오픈 이노베이션의 형태를 정의하고 산업이나 기업의 특성에 맞는 오픈 이노베이션의 유형을 제시한다. 본 연구의 결과는 정책 결정자가 중소기업의 오픈 이노베이션을 촉진할 수 있도록 지원책을 마련하는데 유용한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Recently, although many firms conduct open innovation through collaboration with other innovation actors, little attention has been paid to research and case study with regard to SMEs. However, since the capability of SMEs is too insufficient to access external resources and collaborate with other firms, SMEs have practical needs for active open innovation. In addition, although a lot of SMEs depend on external resources in terms of distribution, services and sales, most of open innovation-related research concentrate on R&D and production. Therefore, this research aims at presenting various types, methods and policy to stimulate the open innovation of SMEs. Typical types of open innovation which SMEs can take will be identified and then a relevant open innovation type will be matched on the basis of the characteristics of sectors. The results of this research will be helpful for policy makers to promote open innovation in SMEs.

Characteristics of new product development activities in SMEs: an empirical analysis of the Korean IT sector

Kim, Jeeeun,Yoon, Byungun,Yoon, Jeawook,Lee, Sungjoo Informa UK (Taylor Francis) 2015 ASIAN JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION Vol.23 No.2

지방보조금 관리체계 개선방안에 관한 연구: 지방보조금심의위원회의 역할 강화방안을 중심으로

윤태섭 ( Taeseop Yoon ),김성주 ( Sungjoo Kim ) 중앙대학교 국가정책연구소 2020 국가정책연구 Vol.34 No.2

최근 지방재정의 방향은 재정분권의 강화, 자율성 확대, 지역적합형 사업 발굴 및 추진이며, 이러한 방향은 지역의 특수성과 주민의 눈높이를 반영하는 재정정책 수단인 지방보조금의 증가를 가져오고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 지방보조금심의워원회의 심의에 있어 수 많은 지방보조금이 모든 단계의 절차를 밟는 등 일률적 심의에 따른 비효율성을 개선하여 궁극적으로는 지방보조금의 관리 및 심의의 효율성을 높이는 개선방안을 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 지방보조금 통계목을 성격별로 유형화 하여 그 유형별로 심의절차를 차별화 하는 등 방안을 제시하였다. 또한 국도시비보조사업에 대한 심의의 제외 필요성을 제시하였다. 국도시비보조사업의 경우 해당 사업에 대한 집행기능만을 담당하는 자치단체 입장에서 심의의 실효성이 없을 뿐 아니라 지방보조금심의위원회의 심의 부담만을 가중시키고 있기 때문이다. 이밖에 공공단체보조 신규사업과 계속사업의 심의절차 및 관리체계의 차별화, 통계목별 차별적 심의를 제시하였다. This study seeks to the improvement plans to management system of local grants focusing on enforcement plans of local grant review committee. Recent, with respect to expanding local autonomy, government has pushed forward to financial decentralization. In hence, local grants management system is also modified such as abolition to limited amounts by departments and exemption to local grants with employment. Therefore, this study is to suggest improvement plans to local grant review committee focusing on types and characteristics of local grants. For doing so, this study is to suggest improvements with respect to changes in law and manual and management process of local governments regarding types and characteristics of local grants. Especially, with regard to management and performance evaluation systems, it seeks to classification plans to local grants.

Technology clustering based on evolutionary patterns: The case of information and communications technologies

Lee, Hyoung-joo,Lee, Sungjoo,Yoon, Byungun Elsevier 2011 TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE Vol.78 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Technology trend analysis anticipates the direction and rate of technology changes, and thus supports strategic decision-making for innovation. As technological convergence and diversification are regarded as emerging trends, it is important to compare the growth patterns of various technologies in a particular industry to help understand the industry characteristics and analyse the technology innovation process. However, despite the potential value of this approach, conventional approaches have focused on individual technologies and paid little attention to synthesising and comparing multiple technologies. We therefore propose a new approach for clustering technologies based on their growth patterns. After technologies with similar patterns are identified, the underlying factors that lead to the patterns can be analysed. For that purpose, we analysed patent data using a Hidden Markov model, followed by clustering analysis, and tested the validity of the proposed approach by applying it to the ICT industry. Our approach provides insights into the basic nature of technologies in an industry, and facilitates the analysis and forecasting of their evolution.</P> <P><B>Research Highlights</B></P><P>►We propose an approach to clustering technologies based on their growth patterns. ►Patent data were analysed using a Hidden Markov model, followed by clustering. ►The validity of the proposed approach was verified by applying it to the ICT industry. ►The approach facilitates the analysis and forecasting of technology evolution.</P>