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이도진,조주식,국용인,안호근 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.1
전남 동부권에 위치하는 농경지 주변 4개 하천에 대하여 벼 재배기간을 전후한 시기에 하천수질의 특성과 분포하는 초종을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 하천수질 특성은 다양하였으며 조사기간중 각 하천수의 pH는 6.5~8.3 범위였고, EC는 벌교천(162~4,910 μS/cm)에서 가장 높았으며 보성천(114.7~286.6 μS/cm), 송광천(74.8~147.4 μS/cm), 이사천(61.6~82.1 μS/cm)순이었다. 조사기간중 총질소 함량은 보성천(1.9~7.4 mg/L), 벌교천(2.1~3.9 mg/L), 송광천(2.4~3.4 mg/L), 이사천(1.7~2.6 mg/L)순으로 호소수질 환경기준 1등급(0.2 mg/L)과 농업용수 수질기준(1 mg/L)을 모두 초과하였다. 그 밖의 대부분 조사항목(K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl^- 등)은 하천에 따른 함유량 고저 차이는 있었으나 모내기를 전후한 시기에 영양염류 함량이 가장 높게 나타나 보성천에서는 5월, 송광천과 이사천에서는 6월이었다. 4개 하천의 조사지점에서 관찰된 초종수는 모두 16과 30종이었으며 송광천, 보성천, 이사천, 벌교천에서 각각 18종, 19종, 15종 및 5종으로서 다년생은 17종, 일년생과 2년생은 13종이 출현하였다. 침수성 초종은 검정말, 말즘, 물수세미, 부유성 초종은 개구리밥과 좀개구리밥, 추수성 초종은 갈대, 고마리, 미나리, 여뀌, 줄 등이 관찰되었다. 물가와 주변에서는 개구리자리, 개피, 달뿌리풀, 돌소리쟁이, 물억새, 미국가막사리, 바늘골, 방동바니대가리, 뱀딸기, 사마귀풀, 삿갓사초, 살갈퀴, 선피막이, 소리쟁이, 쇠방동사니, 여뀌바늘, 큰도꼬마리, 토끼풀, 환삼덩쿨, 황새냉이 등의 20종이 관찰되었으며 그 중 고마리, 소리쟁이, 환삼덩쿨은 하천의 모든 조사지점에 출현하였다. The characteristic of the quality of stream water and the nlparlan vegetation during rice cultivation in the rural area of the eastern Jeonnam province was surveyed from April to November, 2000. The water quality of the streams during rice cultivation was variable. The pH of these water bodies ranged from 6.5~83. Electro conductivity (EC) at each water body ranged from 162~4,910 μS/cm for Beolgyo-cheon, 114.7~286.6 μS/cm for Boseong-cheon, 74.8~147 μS/cm for heon, and 61.6~82.1 μS/cm for Isa-cheon. Total nitrogen and other parameters (K, Ca, Mg, Na, CT, SS) were higher at May (Boseong-cheon) through June (Songgwang-cheon, Isa-cheon) during the transplanting season than these same parameters at August, October and November. Thirty weed species of sixteen families were found in the survey areas of Songgwang-cheon, Boseong-cheon, Isa-cheon and Beolgyo-cheon. Nine annual weeds, four biennial weeds, and seventeen perennial weeds were found, several different life forms were identified. Of those species three were submerged, two were free floating, five were emerged, and twenty were water-side weeds.
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Ju, Jin-Sook,Choi, Hyo-Soon,Lee, Ho-Jeong,Jung, Chang-young,Lee, Kwang-Ryeol,Bae, Yong-Chul,Ahn, Dong-Kuk Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 2004 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.29 No.2
The present study was performed to examine the antinociceptive effect after microinjection of DAMGO, DPDPE, or U50488 into the central nucleus of the amygdala. Experiments were carried out on 74 male SD rats weighing 350-400 gm and surgical procedures were performed under pentobarbital sodium (40 mg/kg, ip). Anesthetized rats were mounted on a stereotaxic frame and a stainless steel guide cannula (26 gauge) was implanted in the central part of right amygdala and the lateral cerebral ventricle respectively. A 48-hour recovery period from surgery was allowed before starting the recording sessions. The nociceptive jaw opening reflex was recorded in freely moving rats. After injection of 3 or 6 nM DAMGO into the central nucleus of amygdala, digastric electromyogram (dEMG) was suppressed to 74±8% or 43±5 of the control. However, DPDPE or U50488 did not affect dEMG. Intra amygdaloid injection of naloxone blocked the suppression of dEMG in response to microinjection of DAMGO from 46±9 to 95±5% of the control. The dEMG activity was observed after intracerebroventricular injection of naloxone, methysergide, or phentolamine. Naloxone blocked the suppressive effect of DAMGO from 31±9 to 82±11% of the control. Methysergide also blocked the suppressive effect of DAMGO from 39±5 to 61±9m% of the control. However, phentolamine, an a-adrenergic receptor antagonist, did not affect the suppression of dEMG. These results suggest that amygdaloid mu opioid agonist but not delta kappa receptor agonist produce an antinociceptive action in the orofacial area. The antinociception of amygdaloid DAMGO seems to be mediated by opioids and serotonergic pathways.
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안종국,정일민,주호종 建國大學校 附設 農業資源開發硏究所 1997 農資源開發論集 Vol.19 No.-
ABSTRACT Experiment was conducted to investigate the variation of grain quality in a panicle at experimental farm and laboratory of Kon Kuk University from April 1996 to March 1997.Spikelet number on the primary branch was ranged 5 to 6. However, spikelet number on the secondary branch was ranged 3 to 4.Total spikelet number on primary branches in a panicle was about 50 % in Hwaryeongbyeo and Chucheongbyeo. But it was only 35 % in Dasanbyeo which had a lot of secondary branches.Grain weight in the secondary branches were lighter than those in the primary branches. Protein content of milled rice in the primary branches was lower than that of milled rice in secondary branches, while amylose content of milled rice in primary branches was higher than that of milled rice in secondary branches. Protein content of milled rice on the upper part of branches was lower than that on the lower part of branches, while amylose content of milled rice on the upper part of branch was higher than that on the lower part branches in Chucheongbyeo. Fat acidity of rice flour on the primary branches showed lower value than on the secondary branches. Iodine blue value was the same as fat acidity value. Hardness of brown rice on the primary branches was stronger than on the secondary branches.
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Colorimetric detection of endogenous hydrogen sulfide production in living cells
Ahn, Yong Jin,Lee, Young Ju,Lee, Jaemyeon,Lee, Doyeon,Park, Hun-Kuk,Lee, Gi-Ja Elsevier 2017 Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomole Vol.177 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Hydrogen sulfide (H<SUB>2</SUB>S) has received great attention as a third gaseous signal transmitter, following nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. In particular, H<SUB>2</SUB>S plays an important role in the regulation of cancer cell biology. Therefore, the detection of endogenous H<SUB>2</SUB>S concentrations within biological systems can be helpful to understand the role of gasotransmitters in pathophysiology. Although a simple and inexpensive method for the detection of H<SUB>2</SUB>S has been developed, its direct and precise measurement in living cells remains a challenge. In this study, we introduced a simple, facile, and inexpensive colorimetric system for selective H<SUB>2</SUB>S detection in living cells using a silver-embedded Nafion/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) membrane. This membrane could be easily applied onto a polystyrene microplate cover. First, we optimized the composition of the coating membrane, such as the PVP/Nafion mixing ratio and AgNO<SUB>3</SUB> concentration, as well as the pH of the Na<SUB>2</SUB>S (H<SUB>2</SUB>S donor) solution and the reaction time. Next, the <I>in vitro</I> performance of a colorimetric detection assay utilizing the silver/Nafion/PVP membrane was evaluated utilizing a known concentration of Na<SUB>2</SUB>S standard solution both at room temperature and at 37°C in a 5% CO<SUB>2</SUB> incubator. As a result, the sensitivity of the colorimetric assay for H<SUB>2</SUB>S at 37°C in the incubator (0.0056Abs./μM Na<SUB>2</SUB>S, R<SUP>2</SUP> =0.9948) was similar to that at room temperature (0.0055Abs./μM Na<SUB>2</SUB>S, R<SUP>2</SUP> =0.9967). Moreover, these assays were less sensitive to interference from compounds such as glutathione, <SMALL>L</SMALL>-cysteine (Cys), and dithiothreitol than to the H<SUB>2</SUB>S from Na<SUB>2</SUB>S. This assay based on the silver/Nafion/PVP membrane also showed excellent reproducibility (2.8% RSD). Finally, we successfully measured the endogenous H<SUB>2</SUB>S concentrations in live C6 glioma cells by s-(5′-adenosyl)-<SMALL>L</SMALL>-methionine stimulation with and without Cys and <SMALL>L</SMALL>-homocysteine, utilizing the silver/Nafion/PVP membrane. In summary, colorimetric assays using silver/Nafion/PVP-coated membranes can be simple, robust, and reliable tools for the detection of H<SUB>2</SUB>S that can avoid the complicated and labor-intensive analytical approach used in conventional biology. In addition, we expect that this assay will demonstrate a powerful ability to study pathophysiological pathways that involve H<SUB>2</SUB>S.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We developed a simple and facile colorimetric system for selective H<SUB>2</SUB>S gas detection. </LI> <LI> The silver/Nafion/PVP membrane was coated on the underside of a microplate cover. </LI> <LI> This assay showed high selectivity, good sensitivity, and excellent reproducibility. </LI> <LI> We successfully measured the endogenous H<SUB>2</SUB>S levels in live C6 glioma cells. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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Participation of IL-1β in temporomandibular nociception in rats with CFA-induced inflammation
Jin-Sook Ju,Seung-Ho Choi,Hye-Jin Kim,Jo-Young Son,Dong-Kuk Ahn 대한구강생물학회 2016 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.41 No.3
The aim of the present study was to develop an animal model for evaluation of temporomandibular (TMJ) nociception under TMJ inflammation. We also investigated the participation of IL-1β in inflammation-induced TMJ nociception. Experiments were carried out using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Intra-articular injection of 3% formalin was administered to evaluate hyperalgesia 3 days after CFA injection. Intra-articular injection of 3% formalin did not produce nociceptive behavior in normal rats. Although intra-articular injection of 3 doses of CFA produced TMJ inflammation, only 1:3 diluted CFA produced hyperalgesia when formalin was injected intra-articularly 3 days after CFA injection. Co-administration of IL-1 receptor inhibitor with formalin into the TMJ cavity 3 days after CFA injection was performed. Co-administration of IL-1 receptor inhibitor significantly inhibited formalin-induced hyperalgesia in rats with CFA-induced TMJ inflammation. These results suggested that intra-articular injection of formalin produced hyperalgesia under chronic TMJ inflammation. Moreover, IL-1β plays an important role in TMJ hyperalgesia under chronic inflammation and blockade of IL-1β is a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory TMJ pain.
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Lee, Young Ju,Ahn, Hyung Joon,Lee, Gi-Ja,Jung, Gyeong Bok,Lee, Gihyun,Kim, Dohyun,Shin, Jae-Ho,Jin, Kyung-Hyun,Park, Hun-Kuk SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineeri 2015 Journal of biomedical optics Vol.20 No.7
<P>The study was to investigate the changes in biochemical properties of activated mature CD8+ T cells related to apoptosis at a molecular level. We confirmed the activation and apoptosis of CD8+ T cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and atomic force microscopy and then performed Raman spectral measurements on activated mature CD8+T cells and cellular deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA). In the activated mature CD8+ T cells, there were increases in protein spectra at 1002 and 1234 cm(-1). In particular, to assess the apoptosis-related DNA spectral signatures, we investigated the spectra of the cellular DNA isolated from resting and activated mature CD8+ T cells. Raman spectra at 765 to 786 cm(-1) and 1053 to 1087 cm(-1) were decreased in activated mature DNA. In addition, we analyzed Raman spectrum using the multivariate statistical method including principal component analysis. Raman spectra of activated mature DNA are especially well-discriminated from those of resting DNA. Our findings regarding the biochemical and structural changes associated with apoptosis in activated mature T cells and cellular DNA according to Raman spectroscopy provide important insights into allospecific immune responses generated after organ transplantation, and may be useful for therapeutic manipulation of the immune response. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE</P>
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