우리나라 병원의 마케팅 활동수준과 재무성과

한창훈 ( Chang Hoon Han ),김원중 ( Won Joong Kim ) 한국병원경영학회 1999 병원경영학회지 Vol.4 No.2

The main objective oh this paper is to perform an empirical analysis on the relationship between various marketing activities and financial performance of Korean hospitals. A survey was conducted through structured questionnaire for 495 hospitals, and data from 218 hospitals were utilized in the final analysis. (response rate : 44%) Survey items include general characteristics of the hospitals (size, type, location), degree of competition, financial performance, marketing organization/ budget, and level of various marketing activities in service development, access improvement, promotion, and pricing. We examine descriptive statistics of the response scores on marketing activities to evaluate the current status of marketing management of Korean hospitals, compare the results across hospital size, type and location, and perform regression analysis to investigate the relationship between marketing and financial performance. Major findings are as follows : 1) About 46% of the responding hospitals gave marketing departments although they are named as 'planning' or 'PR' departments, and the marketing budget on average represents 1.74% of the total expenditures. 2) Average level of marketing activities is calculated to be about 3.32 on 5-point scale, meaning that Korean hospitals implement their marketing programs 'somewhat actively'; however, the scores on the areas of marketing planning and strategy are relatively low. 3) Large hospitals tend to be more active in marketing than small hospitals, and public hospitals' activities in marketing are not lower compared to private hospitals. 4) Level of overall marketing activities is positively related with financial performance measured by various financial indicators except for profitability, implying that marketing is successful in revenue generation but needs to be more cost-effective. Also, when the marketing variables are separately included in the regression, no significant relationship is found, which means that various marketing activities are more effective when they are collectively implemented.

우리나라 여성노인의 성공적 노화를 위한 여가정책(2): 활성화 방안

원형중 ( Hyung Joong Won ),김숙자 ( Sook Ja Kim ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2006 체육과학연구 Vol.17 No.4

현재 우리나라 노인들은 노후생활에 대한 대비도 부족했었으며 청장년기의 여가경험도 풍부하지 못한 세대이다. 또한 유교적인 전통사회에 익숙하며 가족 공동체 내에서 심리적·물질적 부양문제 해결을 실천했던 세대이다. 그러나 현재의 노인세대가 겪고 있는 가족문화나 사회문화·여가문화는 과거 선조들의 겪었던 내용과는 완전히 다른 것이며 급변하는 사회변동에 맞추어 노화에 따른 적응이 그 어느 때보다도 시급한 시점이다. 그렇기 때문에 현대사회의 고령화 문제 해결을 위한 정책개발에 있어서는 노인부양의 사회적 책임, 사회구성원으로서의 노인에 대한 재조명, 노후생활에서 여가활동의 중요성 등이 주요 과제로 다루어져야 한다. 특히 여성노인과 관련된 전반에 관한 충분한 이해 없이는 고안된 정책은 실현가능성이 떨어지고 사회보장 부담만 증가시키며 나아가 노인여가의 전반적 문제로 인한 가족 전체의 삶의 질 저하에까지 확대될 수 있다. 이러한 관점에서 원형중(2005)은 여성노인 복지구현이라는 궁극적 목표를 통해 나누어진 총체적 건강만족, 가정생활만족, 여가생활만족, 노인문제의 여성문제화, 경제적 안정 등의 일반목표를 제시하였으며, 개인적 차원과 국가·사회적 차원의 부분목표를 제시하였다. 이중 국가·사회적 차원의 정책적인 지원으로 중요하게 다루어질 부분으로 ①여가연구의 활성화, ②관련법규의 정리 및 조정기능강화, ③여가시설·자원공급 시스템 구축, ④노인 여가시설·환경의 개발과 개선, ⑤여가시설·환경의 효율적 관리의 5가지 세부목표를 제시, 최종적으로 ``우리나라 여성노인의 성공적 노화를 위한 여가정책 모형``을 제시하였다. 기존 여성노인의 여가정책이 다양한 분야에서 접근이 되었었지만 그 구심점을 찾지 못하고 있는 실정에서 원형중(2005)의 모형은 여성노인의 정서요인과 여가만족 및 생활만족의 관계 정립에 대한 양적연구와 성공적 노화를 위한 여성노인의 요구분석을 위한 질적 연구를 통해 도출된 자료를 기반으로 정립된 모형으로서 보다 실질적인 활성화 방안 제시는 모형의 활용도 및 여성노인을 위한 사회기여에 있어 반드시 필요한 학문적 노작이어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 원형중의 모형(2005)을 근간으로 ``여성노인의 성공적 노화를 위한 여가정책``을 달성하기 위한 구체적이고 실질적인 여가정책 방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 문헌조사를 통하여 실시되었으며, 여성노인의 여가정책이 노인복지와 통합적인 여가정책에 그 기반을 두어야 한다는 기본 전제 하에 일반적 노인복지와 여가정책을 동시에 탐색하여 그 해답을 구명코자 하였다. 구체적으로 노인복지정책과 여가정책의 대상영역을 파악하기 위해 관련 기본법과 현황자료를 토대로 하였다. 또한 우리나라의 여성노인의 여가정책의 대안을 마련하는데 참고하기 위해 연구된 선진국의 사례는 주로 인터넷을 이용하여 수집하였으며 각각의 내용을 정책 대안별로 분석하는데 사용하였다. Contemporary Korean elderly appeared not to prepare properly for their aging life and did not have a plentiful leisure participation experiences due to Korean War and Japanese annexation when they were at youth and mid-life stage. In addition to this fact, they had been regarded as bread winners who were under obligations to support their family`s psychological and material lives under the traditional Confucius norms. However, unfortunately, their life at hand is quite different what they had envisioned and need to cope with ever changing life surroundingsin their elderly life stages. Therefore, it is necessary to consider social supporting system of the elderly economic life, pay special attention on social life system of the elderly and leisure life patterns of the elderly. In particular, policies those overlooked the general problems incurring with elderly women may add up the burden of social support system and end up with deterioration of overall family lives along with elderly lives in general. Won(2005) has provided a theoretical model requesting plans for both personal and governmental plans to meet the needs of Korean elderly women and has suggested general goals including family life satisfaction, leisure life satisfaction, women`s issue in elderly problems, and financial stabilization. In addition, he insisted 5 elements of strategic plans for optimal elderly life satisfaction procedures and they are revitalization of leisure research, straightening out of the related acts and strengthening of adjustment of the acts, system construction for leisure facilities and resources, development and improvement for leisure facilities and resources of the elderly, and efficient management of leisure facilities and resources. Considering the fact that there is no scholastic agreement in terms of elderly research in spite of various approaches from different areas of specialization, Won`s model should become the center of scholastic interest in that the research model had been achieved through both epidemical (in-depth interview) and empirical methodologies and appeared to suggest the applicable model that could be used at hand. Therefore, in this research, the researchers have provided more concrete strategic plans for leisure policy for optimal aging of the Korean female elderly. Primary methodology of this research was review of the literature. The researchers` focus of literature review aims to find out the solution that bonds the elderly welfare and comprehensive leisure policy in contemporary Korean society. In particular, the researchers` research work mainly based on arranging and developing leisure related policies. In addition, the researcher used foreign countries those have exemplary leisure policy for the elderly through internet usage and suggested strategic plans based on these endeavors.

장기균형환율의 결정요인

현준석(Jun Seog Hyun),김원중(Won Joong Kim) 한국무역연구원 2015 무역연구 Vol.11 No.4

Under the Balassa-Samuelson model, the long-run equilibrium exchange rate condition is derived by assuming that the wage in the tradable goods equals that in the non-tradable goods. This paper relaxes this assumption and empirically examines the importance of wage differential between tradable and non-tradable goods in the long-run exchange rate. The cointegration analyses show that, in both nominal won/dollar exchange rate and in nominal effective exchange rate of won, the long-run equilibrium patterns in exchange rates are not found with the classical Balassa-Samuelson model. However, with the wage differential in the model, we find a strong long-run equilibrium in exchange rate. Based on the results, it is suggested that wage differential which also accounts for the differences in the labor market between tradable and non-tradable goods, should be included to analyze the long-run movement in the nominal exchange rate.

Urinary MicroRNAs of Prostate Cancer: Virus-Encoded hsv1-miRH18 and hsv2-miR-H9-5p Could Be Valuable Diagnostic Markers

Yun, Seok Joong,Jeong, Pildu,Kang, Ho Won,Kim, Ye-Hwan,Kim, Eun-Ah,Yan, Chunri,Choi, Young-Ki,Kim, Dongho,Kim, Jung Min,Kim, Seon-Kyu,Kim, Seon-Young,Kim, Sang Tae,Kim, Won Tae,Lee, Ok-Jun,Koh, Gou-Yo Korean Continence Society 2015 International Neurourology Journal Vol.19 No.2

<P><B>Purpose:</B></P><P>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in biological fluids are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and assessment of urological diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of the study was to identify and validate urinary cell-free miRNAs that can segregate patients with PCa from those with BPH. </P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>In total, 1,052 urine, 150 serum, and 150 prostate tissue samples from patients with PCa or BPH were used in the study. A urine-based miRNA microarray analysis suggested the presence of differentially expressed urinary miRNAs in patients with PCa, and these were further validated in three independent PCa cohorts, using a quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction analysis. </P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>The expression levels of hsa-miR-615-3p, hsv1-miR-H18, hsv2-miR-H9-5p, and hsa-miR-4316 were significantly higher in urine samples of patients with PCa than in those of BPH controls. In particular, herpes simplex virus (hsv)-derived hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2-miR-H9-5p showed better diagnostic performance than did the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test for patients in the PSA gray zone. Furthermore, a combination of urinary hsv2-miR-H9-5p with serum PSA showed high sensitivity and specificity, providing a potential clinical benefit by reducing unnecessary biopsies. </P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>Our findings showed that hsv-encoded hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2-miR-H9-5p are significantly associated with PCa and can facilitate early diagnosis of PCa for patients within the serum PSA gray zone.</P>

Characteristics of hypertension subtypes and treatment outcome among elderly Korean hypertensives

Choi, Suk-Won,Kim, Min-Kyu,Han, Seong-Woo,Kim, Sung Hea,Kim, Hyun Joong,Kang, Seok-Min,Kim, Dae-Kyeong,Kim, Byung Soo,Kim, Won Ho,Kim, Jang-Young,Kim, Hee-Yeol,Rhew, Jay-Young,Park, Keum-Soo,Cho, Kyou Elsevier 2014 Journal of the american society of hypertension Vol.8 No.4

Age and gender-associated metabolic characteristics of urinary stone patients

Sang Keun Lee,Young-Won Kim,Ho Won Kang,Won Tae Kim,Yong-June Kim,Seok-Joong Yun,Wun-Jae Kim,Sang-Cheol Lee 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2015 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.16 No.4

The aim of the present study was to investigate sex- and age-associated clinico-metabolic characteristics of urinary stone patients. A retrospective review was performed on data from 2,009 consecutive patients presenting with their first urinary stone episode between 2005 and 2013. Of the 2,009 patients, 1,426 (71.0%) satisfied the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. Patients were grouped by age (<60, ≥60 years old) and sex. The medical history and 24 hr urinary chemistry results of each patient were obtained. The mean age of the 165 (11.6%) patients aged 60 or over was 65.5 ± 4.2 years. Body mass index was greater in elderly females than in younger females (p=0.031). After stratification by sex and age, lower urinary excretion of calcium and uric acid was a protective factor for both sexes among the elderly (p<0.05, each, respectively). Low urine pH was a common risk factor for both sexes among the elderly (p=0.013 in males, p=0.047 in females, respectively), whereas lower citrate excretion was a risk factor for only the elderly female group (p=0.004). With regard to urinary metabolic abnormalities, elderly females showed higher incidence of hypocitraturia compared to younger females (p=0.049). In conclusion, this study demonstrated the sex- and age-associated clinico-metabolic characteristics of urinary stone patients. Thus, it is important to tailor metabolic evaluation and medical prevention therapies for patient according to sex and gender characteristics.

Glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor family related protein (GITR) mediates inflammatory activation of macrophages that can destabilize atherosclerotic plaques

Kim, Won-Jung,Bae, Eun-Mi,Kang, Yoon-Joong,Bae, Hyung-Uk,Hong, Su Hyung,Lee, Joo Y.,Park, Jeong-Euy,Kwon, Byoung S.,Suk, Kyoungho,Lee, Won-Ha Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2006 Immunology Vol.119 No.3

<P>Summary</P><P>Glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor family related protein (GITR) is the 18th member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF18) and is known to interact with its cognate ligand GITRL (TNFSF18). We investigated the potential role of GITR in the pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages. Immunohistochemistry and <I>in situ</I> hybridization analyses of human atherosclerotic plaques demonstrated that GITR and its ligand are expressed mainly in lipid-rich macrophages. We then investigated the role of GITR in human and mouse monocyte/macrophage functions. Stimulation of GITR caused nuclear factor (NF)-&kgr;B-dependent activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in both the human and mouse monocytic/macrophage cell lines, THP-1 and RAW264.7, respectively. These cellular responses were also observed when the THP-1 cells were treated with phorbol-12 myristate-13 acetate (PMA), which is known to induce macrophage differentiation. To demonstrate that these responses are not restricted to cultured cell lines, we tested primary macrophages. Both peritoneal and bone marrow-derived macrophages responded to GITR stimulation with induction of MMP-9 and tumour necrosis factor-&agr; (TNF-&agr;). Furthermore, the GITR staining pattern overlapped with those of MMP-9 and TNF-&agr; in atherosclerotic plaques. These data indicate that GITR-mediated macrophage activation may promote atherogenesis via the induction of pro-atherogenic cytokines/chemokines, and destabilize the atherosclerotic plaques via the induction of the matrix-degrading enzyme, MMP-9.</P>

Cost Analysis of Manufacturer's View Point Under Stepdown Warranty Policy

Kim, Jae Joong,Kim, Won Joong The Korean Society for Quality Management 1991 품질경영학회지 Vol.19 No.1

This article is concerned with cost analysis in warranty policy. The warranty cost can be different according to warranty rate and warranty renewal policy. In this paper the stepdown warranty policy is analyzed. Assuming the nonrepairable item, manufacturer's cost is calculated in stepdown warranty policy and free replacement, pro-rata, hybrid policy. Numerical examples are given over Weibull time-to-failure distribution.

Ultrafast Heating for Intrinsic Properties of Atomically Thin Two-Dimensional Materials on Plastic Substrates

Kim, Ho Young,Lee, Jae-Won,Oh, Hye Min,Baeg, Kang-Jun,Jung, Sunshin,Yang, Ho-Soon,Lee, Wonki,Hwang, Jun Yeon,Kim, Keun Soo,Jeong, Seung Yol,Han, Joong Tark,Jeong, Mun Seok,Lee, Geon-Woong,Jeong, Hee J American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.45

<P>Despite recent progress in producing flexible and stretchable electronics based on two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets, their intrinsic properties are often degraded by the presence of polymeric residues that remain attached to the 2D nanosheet surfaces following fabrication. Further breakthroughs are therefore keenly awaited to obtain clean surfaces compatible with flexible applications. Here, we report a method that allows the 2D nanosheets to be intrinsically integrated onto flexible substrates. The method involves thermal decomposition of polymeric residues by microwave-induced ultrafast heating of the surface without affecting the underlying flexible substrate. Mapping the C=O stretching mode by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in combination with atomic force microscopy confirms elimination of the polymeric residues from the 2D nanosheet surface. Flexible devices prepared using microwave-cleaned 2D nanosheets show enhanced electrical, optical, and electrothermal performances. This simple technique is applicable to a wide range of 2D nanomaterials and represents an important advance in the field of flexible devices.</P>

Effect of Nanosized Gold Particle Addition to Supported Metal Oxide Catalyst in Methanol Oxidation

Kim, Ki-Joong,You, Young-Jae,Chung, Min-Chul,Kang, Chan-Soon,Chung, Kyong-Hwan,Jeong, Woon-Jo,Jeong, Seung-Won,Ahn, Ho-Geun American Scientific Publishers 2006 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.6 No.11

<P>Gold has rarely been utilized as a catalytic component because of its poor affinity to chemical species. It is however known that nanosized gold particles promote the dissociation of oxygen or hydrogen. In this study, alumina-supported metal oxide catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and applied to methanol oxidation. The dispersion form and size of the gold particles were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the results, the maximum catalytic activity was obtained over the ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst, and the optimum loading was 4 wt%. Furthermore, nanosized gold particles at various loadings were added to ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst by deposition method. The gold particles on Au/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst were well dispersed and the catalyst activity was remarkably increased compared to ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst. The role of gold particles in the increased catalytic activity is discussed and a possible mechanism is presented.</P>