http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
현준석(Jun Seog Hyun),김원중(Won Joong Kim) 한국무역연구원 2015 무역연구 Vol.11 No.4
Under the Balassa-Samuelson model, the long-run equilibrium exchange rate condition is derived by assuming that the wage in the tradable goods equals that in the non-tradable goods. This paper relaxes this assumption and empirically examines the importance of wage differential between tradable and non-tradable goods in the long-run exchange rate. The cointegration analyses show that, in both nominal won/dollar exchange rate and in nominal effective exchange rate of won, the long-run equilibrium patterns in exchange rates are not found with the classical Balassa-Samuelson model. However, with the wage differential in the model, we find a strong long-run equilibrium in exchange rate. Based on the results, it is suggested that wage differential which also accounts for the differences in the labor market between tradable and non-tradable goods, should be included to analyze the long-run movement in the nominal exchange rate.
Comparative Genomics Study of Interferon-$\alpha$ Receptor-1 in Humans and Chimpanzees
Kim, Il-Chul,Chi, Seung-Wook,Kim, Dae-Won,Choi, Sang-Haeng,Chae, Sung-Hwa,Park, Hong-Seog Korea Genome Organization 2005 Genomics & informatics Vol.3 No.4
The immune response-related genes have been suggested to be the most favorable genes for positive selection during evolution. Comparing the entire DNA sequence of chimpanzee chromosome 22 (PTR22) with human chromosome 21 (HSA21), we have identified 15 orthologs having indel in their coding sequences. Among them, interferon-${\alpha}$ receptor-1 gene (IFNAR1), an immuneresponse-related gene, is subjected to comparative genomic analysis. Chimpanzee IFNAR1 showed the same genomic structure as human IFNAR1 (11 exons and 10 introns) except the 3 bp insertion in exon 4. The sequence alignment of IFNAR1 coding sequence indicated that 'ISPP' amino acid sequence motif is highly conserved in chimpanzee and other animals including mouse and chicken. However, the human IFNAR1 shows that one proline residue is missing in the sequence motif. The homology modeling of the IFNAR1 structures suggests that the proline deletion in human IFNAR1 leads to the formation of the following ${\alpha}$-helix, whereas two sequential prolines in chimpanzee IFNAR1 inhibit it. As a result, human IFNAR1 may adopt a characteristic structure distinct from chimpanzee IFNAR1. This human specific trait could contribute to specific immune response in the most optimized manner for humans. Further molecular biological studies on the IFNAR1 will help us to gain insights into the molecular implication of species-specific host-pathogen interaction in primate evolution.
Kim, Yeon-Kye,Lim, Chi-Won,Yeun, So-Mi,Lee, Moon-Hee,Moon, Ho-Sung,Cho, Hyeon-Ah,Yoon, Na-Young,Yoon, Ho-Dong,Park, Hee-Yeon,Lee, Doo-Seog The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2011 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.14 No.4
The jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai was hydrolyzed with papain and a novel dipeptide purified via ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography with Sephadex LH-20, and reverse phase chromatography using $C_{18}$ and $C_{12}$ columns. The IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS spectrometer analyses showed that the dipeptide comprised tyrosine-isoleucine (Tyr-Ile). The $IC_{50}$ and $K_i$ values were $6.56{\pm}1.12$ and $3.10{\pm}0.28\;{\mu}M$, respectively, indicating competitive inhibition of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE). As a novel ACE-inhibitory active peptide, Tyr-Ile may have potential for use in antihypertensive therapy.
Kim, Myoung-Hwan,Lee, Sung-Ik,Kim, Mun-Seog,Kang, Won Nam IOP Publishing Ltd 2005 Superconductor science & technology Vol.18 No.6
<P>The magnetic relaxation of an epitaxial HgBa<SUB>2</SUB>Ca<SUB>2</SUB>Cu<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>8+δ</SUB> (Hg-1223) thin film was measured at several fields and temperatures. After the activation energy and the normalized relaxation rate had been analysed, the <I>U</I>–<I>j</I> characteristics were mapped on the <I>H</I>–<I>T</I> diagram. The power-law region with a creep exponent of <img SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0953-2048/18/6/008/sust197655ieqn1.gif' ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='\mu \simeq 7/9 '/>, which indicates large bundle creep, became a logarithmic region in the small μ limit as <I>j</I> went far below <I>j</I><SUB>c</SUB>. From this analysis, we found that a large bundle of flux acts like a single vortex, the size of which was temperature independent. This behaviour is quite different from that of other cuprate superconductors. Also, the crossover temperature, <I>T</I><SUB>b</SUB>, between the power-law and the logarithmic regions was inversely proportional to <I>H</I><SUP>β</SUP>. The fitting of <I>T</I><SUB>b</SUB>(β) on the <I>H</I>–<I>T</I> diagram is in good agreement with the field exponent of <img SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0953-2048/18/6/008/sust197655ieqn2.gif' ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='\beta \simeq 0.4 '/> that was obtained from the scaling of <I>U</I><SUB>eff</SUB>(<I>H</I>).</P>
Won Hee Jang(장원희),Young-Il Yang(양영일),Youn Jae Lee(이연재),Jin Ho Chun(전진호),Sung Su Yea(예성수),Dae-Hyun Seog(석대현),Hyeong-In Kim(김형인) 한국생명과학회 2008 생명과학회지 Vol.18 No.9
Pro-inflammatory cytokine인 종양괴사인자-α (TNF-α)는 B형 간염바이러스(HBV) 감염에 대한 면역반응의 중요한 매개인자이다. TNF-α의 생산은 전사수준에서 주로 조절되며, TNF-α promoter 다형성은 TNF-α 유전자 발현을 변화시키기 때문에, TNF-α promoter 다형성이 만성 HBV 감염의 병태생리에 영향을 미칠 가능성이 높다. 그러므로I 본 연구에서는 TNF-α promoter 다형성과 만성 HBV 감염의 연관성을 조사하였다. 본 연구는 만성 HBV 감염환자 181명, HBV 감염이 자연적으로 치유된 201명, 그리고 건강한 대조군 170명을 대상으로 하였다. TNF-α promoter의 -308G/A와 -238G/A 다형성은 PCR-RFLP법을 통하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 환자군에서 -308과 -238 유전자형의 분포는 자연치유군 및 건강대조군에서의 분포와 통계적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 또한, 그룹 간에 allele frequency도 통계적 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 따라서, 본 연구의 결과는 한국인에서 TNF-α -308과 -238 promoter 다형성은 만성 B형 간염 바이러스 감염의 발생과 연관성이 없음을 시사한다. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is an important mediator of the immune response in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Since the production of TNF-α is mostly regulated at the transcriptional level and polymorphisms in the TNF-α promoter alter its expression, TNF-α promoter polymorphisms could affect the pathogenesis of chronic HBV infection. In this study, we investigated the potential association of TNF-α promoter polymorphisms with chronic HBV infection. The study included 181 patients with chronic HBV infection, 201 persons who had been spontaneously recovered from hepatitis B, and 170 unrelated healthy controls. The -308G/A and -238G/A polymorphisms in the TNF-α promoter were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The distribution of both the -308 and -238 genotypes in the patient group was not statistically different from that in the spontaneous recovery and control groups (p>0.05). There was also no significant difference in the allele frequency between the groups (p>0.05). The results suggest that the TNF-α -308 and -238 promoter polymorphisms are not associated with the development of chronic HBV infection in the Korean population.
Comparative Genomics of T-complex protein 10 like in Humans and Chimpanzees
Kim, Il-Chul,Kim, Dae-Soo,Kim, Dae-Won,Choi, Sang-Haeng,Choi, Han-Ho,Chae, Sung-Hwa,Park, Hong-Seog Korea Genome Organization 2005 Genomics & informatics Vol.3 No.2
Comparing 231 genes on chimpanzee chromosome 22 with their orthologous on human chromosome 21, we have found that 15 orthologs have indels within their coding sequences. It was rather surprising that significant number of genes have changed by indel, despite the shorter time since their divergence and led us hypothesize that indels and structural changes may represent one of the major mechanism of proteome evolution in the higher primates. Human T-complex protein 10 like (TCP 10L) is a representative having indel within its coding sequence. Gene structure of human TCP10L compared with chimpanzee TCP10L gene showed 16 base pair difference in genomic DNA. As a result of the indel, frame shift mutation occurs in coding sequence (CDS) and human TCP10L express longer polypeptide of 21 amino acid residues than that of chimpanzee. Our prediction found that the indel may affect to dramatic change of secondary protein structure between human and chimpanzee TCP10L. Especially, the structural changes in the C-terminal region of TCP10L protein may affect on the interacting potential to other proteins rather than DNA binding function of the protein. Through these changes, TCP10L might influence gene expression profiles in liver and testis and subsequently influence the physiological changes required in primate evolution.