최봉윤의 국어 교과서 연구 - 「初等한글敎科書」를 중심으로

윤금선(Yeun Keum-sun) 어문연구학회 2018 어문연구 Vol.97 No.-

이 연구에서는 1943년도 미주 지역에서 발간된 최봉윤의「初等한글敎科書」의 수록상을 고찰하는 데 목적을 두었다. 최봉윤은 일제강점기 미주 한인사회에서 정치적 · 교육적인 활동을 전개하며 지도자적 삶을 산 인물이다. 그는 1938년 도미 직후부터 국어학교 교사를 담당하고 ‘대한인국민회’의 국어 교과서 편찬에도 참여했다. 특히 캘리포니아대학 동양어학부에서 최초의 한인 교수로서 조선어 교육을 담당하였으며, 대학생 대상의 한국어 교재로는 처음이라 할 수 있는「初等한글敎科書」를 발간했다는 점이 주목된다. 이 교과서는 한국어 초보자를 위한 교재로서 말하기, 읽기, 쓰기 등의 한국어 기초를 다루고 있다. 이 교재는 다음과 같이 총 3부로 구성되었다. 즉 1부 1강에서 5강까지는 한글 기초편과 단어, 그리고 간단한 문장 등이 수록되었으며, 2부 6강에서 30강까지는 이야기, 방문 및 물건 거래 등에서의 대화법 등을 다루고 있다. 마지막 3부는 중고급자를 위한 부분으로 총 14개의 강의로 구성되어 있으며, 이광수, 이윤재, 김윤경, 주요한 등, 당대 국내 유명 문필가가 집필한 조선 역사와 지리, 풍습, 문학 내용 등을 담고 있다. 보다시피 이 교재의 장별 구성은 한글 기초편부터 중고급 수준으로 난이도를 높여가는 체재이다.「初等한글敎科書」는 한인 대상인 아닌 미국 대학생을 겨냥한 초급 정도의 조선어 교과서에 해당된다. 이 교과서 발간 이전까지 미주 한인사회에서 발간된 국어 교과서는 주로 한인 아동을 대상으로 한 교재였다. 그러나「初等한글敎科書」는 캘리포니아대학 한국어 정규 과목 교재로서, 미주에서 발간된 최초의 대학생 한국어 교과서이다. 이런 점에서 국어교육사적으로 가치가 높은 자료라 하겠다. This paper is associated with Korean reader : a textbook for beginners (1943) witten Choe Bong-Yun in the United States of America during the Japan Occupation. Choe Bong-Yun lived a leadership life by developing political and educational activities in Korean society of the America during the Japanese occupation. He went to the United States in 1938 and worked as a teacher in Korean language schools and participated in the compilation of Korean textbooks led by the Korean National Association, In particular, he is the first Korean professor at the University of California at Berkeley. He has taught Korean language for many years at the Department of Oriental Languages, and It is noteworthy that he has published Korean reader : a textbook for beginners for college students The aim of this book is to facilitate the students first steps in speaking, reading, and writing Korean. Korean Reader-A Beginner is divided into three section. The first section, lessons one to five, includes Hangul Basics, vocabulary, and simple sentences. the second section, lessons six to thirty, includes stories, visiting and shopping conversations, etc. and the third section is for advanced students contains fourteen lessons, made up of slections from History of Korea, Geography, custom, literature of the outstanding Korean writers, such as Yi Gang-su, Yi Yeun-jae, Kim Yeun-gyeong, ana ju yeo-Han. The configuration by chapter arranged in the way of being getting hard on as they proceed by taking phased in-depth study composition. Korean reader : a textbook for beginners is a Korean textbook showing the level of beginner level aimed at American college students who are not Korean. Also, before the publication of this textbook, Korean textbooks published in the America were mainly textbooks for children. However, this textbook is a Korean textbook for university students. This is significant because it is the first Korean language book for overseas college students published in the Americas.

Microstructure and High Temperature Oxidation Property of Fe-Cr-B Based Metal/Ceramic Composite Manufactured by Powder Injection Molding Process

Yeun‑Ah Joo,Young‑Kyun Kim,윤태식,Kee‑Ahn Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2018 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.24 No.2

This study investigated the microstructure and high temperature oxidation property of Fe–Cr–B metal/ceramic compositemanufactured using powder injection molding process. Observations of initial microstructure showed a unique structurewhere α-Fe and (Cr, Fe)2B form a continuous three-dimensional network. High temperature oxidation tests were performedat 900, 1000 and 1100 °C, for 24 h, and the oxidation weight gain according to each temperature condition was 0.13, 0.84and 6.4 mg/cm2, respectively. The oxidation results according to time at 900 and 1000 °C conditions represented paraboliccurves, and at 1100 °C condition formed a rectilinear curve. Observation and phase analysis results of the oxides identifiedCr2O3and SiO2at 900 and 1000 °C. In addition to Cr2O3and SiO2,CrBO3and FeCr2O4formed due to phase decompositionof boride were identified at 1100 °C. Based on the findings above, this study suggested the high temperature oxidationmechanism of Fe–Cr–B metal/ceramic composite manufactured using powder injection molding, and the possibility of itsapplication as a high temperature component material was also discussed.

유아의 인성 함양을 위한 협력학습 활동 프로그램의 평가 연구

이윤옥 서원대학교 교육연구소 1998 敎育發展 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the cooperative learning activity (CLA) program for children. This CLA program for children were developed by Lee Yeun-Ok for the purpose of the encouragement the children's positive personality traits. The subjects of the experimental group were 28 children and the subjects of the control group were 24 children. CLA program was carried out as a whole class activity for one mixed age (3, 4, 5 year old) preschool class for 20 weeks as a experimental group. In this study, four hypothesis were proposed as follows. hypothesis 1 : CLA program group will show higher popularity scores than control group. hypothesis 2 : CLA program group will show higher degree of the number of friend than control group. hypothesis 3 : CLA program group will show higher prosocial behavior scores than control group. hypothesis 4 : CLA program group will show higher school adjustment scores than control group. The outcome of this study were as follows : 1) The hypothesis 1 was rejected. 2) The hypotheses 2, 3, 4 were accepted. These outcome of this study suggest that the CLA Program was effective for the developing the children's positive personaliting traits.

생쥐의 卵子와 初期胚子에 對한 Clomiphene Citrate의 細胞毒性에 關한 硏究

金惠敬,潘勝一,金洋一,文蓮子,朴承澤,鄭然泰 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1993 圓光醫科學 Vol.9 No.1-2

In order to elucidate the cytotoxicity of clomiphene citrate, the rate of in vitro fertilization(IVF) of ova and the developmental rate of early embroys in A-strain mouse were examined. The rate of ova cleavaging to 2-cell stage by IVF was remarkably decreased(12.6%) at the concentration of 10μg/㎖ of clomiphene than that of the control(65.2%) when the ova fertilized in vitro were cultured for 24 hours in the untreated medium after treatment ova with clomiphene for 5 hrs. But there was no ovum cleavaging to 2-cell stage at 50μg/㎖ clomiphene except only a few 2-polar bodied ova. The developmental rate of mouse early embryos was decreased dose-dependently. Especially at 25μg/㎖ of clomiphene, the number of embryos cleavaging to blastocyst from 2-cell stage(41.4%) was decreased remarkably compared with that of the control(87.2%). And only a few embryos were developed to 8-cell stage at clomiphene concentration of 50μg/㎖ after 2-cell embryos were incubated for 72 hours in clomiphene-treated medium. Morphological changes such as fragmentation and fusion of blastomeres, cytolysis and developmental retardation were increased with dose-dependently. These results suggest that clomiphene has cytotoxic effect by the decrease of the rate of IVF, the developmental rate and the degenerative changes of murine ova and early embryos.

Vinblastine이 백서 배양 Type-1 별아교세포에 미치는 세포독성에 관한 연구

하상호,박승택,문연자,김종영,김정중,정연태 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1994 圓光醫科學 Vol.10 No.1-2

It has been reported that vinblastine, anticancer drug, is a neuroteratogen inducing various neural malformations such as microcephaly and neural tube defect(NTD), but the study on the toxicity of neuroglial cells, especially type-1 astrocytes using culture system is not well established. In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of vinblastine on cultured type-1 astrocytes of neonatal rat brain in vitro. MTT assay and also light and electron microscopic studies were carried out. The results were as follows: 1. MTT_90 and MTT_50 in cultured type-1 astrocytes were 1×10 exp (-1) μM and 1×10 exp (2)μM of vinblastine, respectively. 2. Vinblastine was highly toxic in cultured type-1 astrocytes(MTT_50 ≤ 100 μM). 3. In a light microscopy, cultured type-1 astrocytes showed decrease of cells in number, cytoplasmic perforation, vacuolization and cytoplasmic granulation after cultured type-1 astrocytes were treated with 1×10 exp (2)μM of vinblastine for 24 hours. Cultured type-1 astrocytes damaged by vinblastine showed degenerative changes of cells morphologically. 4. In an electron microscopy, increment of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), increased free-ribosomes, cisternal dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). few dense bodies and vacuoles were shown in cultured type-1 astrocytes treated with 1×10 exp (2)μM of vinblastine for 24 hours. The results indicate that vinblastine has markedly cytotoxic effect on the type-1 astrocytes of neonatal rat brain in vitro study.

<시각행위>명칭 분절구조 연구(1) : <대상>을 중심으로

김연심 고려대학교 한국학연구소 2001 한국학연구 Vol.14 No.-

The main expression of a study on the word field nouns 〈sigak(seeing act)〉is a substructure that is characterized as 〈daesang(object)〉. Some words that related to this characteristics are (Ⅰ)〈look〉 and 〈see〉- archilexem, and (2)[견:見], [관:觀], [람:覽], [시:視], [찰:察]- Chinese characters. From those above investigations, word field nouns expressing 〈sigak〉can be summurized as below. ⑴ The word field nouns expressing 〈sigak〉is characterized as 〈animated〉and 〈non - animated〉. ⑵ 〈animated〉is structurized by 〈act〉and 〈body〉. ⑶ 〈act〉is structurized by 〈performance〉and〈play〉, 〈body〉is structurized by〈inside〉and 〈outside〉, 〈ouside〉is structurized by 〈patient〉and 〈others〉. And then there are structurized by 〈body〉and〈face〉. ⑷ 〈non - animated〉is structurized by 〈nature〉and 〈artificial〉, but occationaly it is related to the substructure 〈nature+artificial〉.

USALI 유용성 제고를 위한 부문비 배분 모형에 관한 연구

김연화 안양대학교 사회과학연구소 2000 社會科學硏究 Vol.7 No.-

USALI (Uniform System of Accounts for Lodging Industry) is useful for Income statement. Output department profit is a very important factor in hotels, consist of various outlets. Income statement of USALI, divided into Operated Department Costs, Undistributed Operating Expenses and Rent, Property Taxes, Insurance, Interest Expense, Depreciation, Amortization, was suggested in terms of considering the difficulties of operating costs and expenses distribution. USALI was satisfied with both aspects of the positive theory and the negative theory of cost allocation. In addition to. this study intends to present the model of costs and expenses allocation for USALI application in Korean independent hotels. Finally the utility and reasonability of USALI is practically available of puting into use in Korean independent hotels. Hereafter further study related with this subject is continually required.

주요 해운국의 국제선박등록제도

경윤범 培材大學校 社會科學硏究所 2006 사회과학연구 Vol.28 No.-

"Flags of Convenience" or "Open Registry" have developed in recent years as an economic necessity allowing costs to be cut in response to an over-tonnaged marketplace where low to non-existent profit margins were the norm under the registers of the traditional maritime nations. As such, it has been used to characterize national maritime sectors, however, there is still not complete agreement as to its proper definition and objectives. According to the ITF, the most important of these criteria in classifying a register as an FOC is whether the majority of vessels on the register are foreign owned or controlled. Second Registers are sometimes referred to as "Offshore" or "International Registers"and generally perceived as a response by the TMNs to the steady decline of tonnage registered under the flags of such countries. From the perspective of the ITF, a second register emulates an FOC in nearly all its criteria except that tonnage mostly consists of nationally-owned ships and the register usually has conditions in place which are acceptable to the unions of the flag state. Most of the Second Registers were specially created during the 1980s with the specific purpose of stemming the tide of flaggong-out. In addition to the definitive lists, where a vessel operates under the flag of a second register but ownership lies outside the flag state, ITF will categorize and treat it as an FOC ship. Conversely, where owners of vessels are genuinely located within a designated FOC state, then the ITF advocates that their ships should not be treated as FOC. The NIS was established by the Norwegian government in 1987 as a means to halt this reduction of the Norwegian fleet and thereby maintain Norway's traditional maritime infrastructure. Foreigners owned 54 per cent of the total NIS tonnage in 2004. This is an increase of 21 percentage points since 1998. The Norwegian-owned NIS tonnage was below 10 million gross tonnes in both 2003 and 2004. This is the first time this has happened since the NIS was established in 1987. The Singapore Registry of Ships (SRS) was established in 1966 and efforts to promote it continue. The Singapore merchant fleet has been growing at a rate of about 10% in recent years. The autonomous Hong Kong Shipping Register was set up on 3 December 1990 under the Hong Kong Merchant Shipping (Registration). Upon the reunification with the People's Republic of China (PRC), the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) is authorized by the Government of the PRC to maintain a separate shipping register and issue certificates using the name "HONG KONG, CHINA." This article analyses the growth of the Norwegian International Ship Register(NIS), Singapore Registry(SRS), Hong Kong Shipping Register and the basis for this growth. By way of introduction, the establishment of the NIS, SRS, Hong Kong Shipping Register and the motivation for the changes in main country shipping policy are presented.

住宅供給政策의 效率的 執行을 爲한 硏究 : 供給政策과 改善方案

鄭然光 단국대학교 대학원 1980 學術論叢 Vol.4 No.-

The main object of this study is to establish the rational solution to the problem of housing supply for the low-income groups and to provide basic housing direction to reduce the cost of public housing accommodation here in Korea. Having supplied adequate public housing accommodation is not only a essential factor for the homeless and new families, but also a dominant factor for the social, economic and political stabilization. It is natural that government lead the housing policies as an approach to expand housing supply, the reason why, the distingushing features of housing accommodation as compared with other goods are its high capital, and usually, the capital cost of the housing accommodation is far in excess of what an average working-class families could afford, so that's the why, presently various measure are mobilized and taken by the Government. This study understands that housing deficit is the result of urbanization and tries to find out various approaches to expand housing supply with respect to living environments and housing supply systems, and also, finally deals with the programs and policy instruments. The nation's shortage of housing accommodation has resulted from the continuous imbalance between the logging supply of and increasing demand for housing accommodation, the excessive demand for housing accommodation is primarily attributable to population growth, the emergence of the nuclear hausefold, internal migration to the urban sector, and obsolescence of existing houses. The housing problem in metropalitan area is further complicated by the high population density and the rapid increases in land prices. As we might be awared, urbanization has been accelerated in the advanced industrial countries since the Industrial Revolution. Korea also has been the phenomena of urbanization in the course of modernization since the Korean War. Urbanization rate stands at 60.2% in 1976 and is expected to reach 75% by 1991, especially, population concentration in large cities is remarkable. The three large cities of Seoul, Busan and Daegu contain 31.7% of Korea's total population, causing problems in social, political, economic and physical aspects, out of which housing problem is very serious one. The houing policy aims at the construction and supply of dwelling houses for the people to enjoy their lives culturally and comfortably. The Government endeavor first of all to raise the public housing investment gradually. It must be stressed, however, that housing policy is virtually indefinable. It may be taken to deal with the mumber of houses that are required, the allocation and price of land, the structure of the building industry, the design and layout of houses, rents and subsidies, redevelopment and replanning of old area, standards and family aspiration and so forth. In Korea, the housing supply mainly has been attained by the private hausing sectors. Whereas, on the part of the Government, both the Local Government and Korea National Housing Corporation are directly engaged in the housing construction for it's supply, and the Korea Housing Bank helps them with the housing loans for the construction of self-dependence. However, the supply of housing unite did not catch up with it's demands, because of new demands derived from population growth and disaster, the rise in household, and the replacement of superannuated houses. And the housing shortage rate in 1976 increased to 47.4%, slightly above the 1975 level. In 1978 housing supply laid stress on providing low-cost houses for low-income brackets and actually furnished rental apartments in large quantity. Housing accommodation is different from other economic goods in many ways, a house is extremely costly. The capital cost of the public housing accommodation is on the upswing rapidly compared with the level of last year. The increased real cost of public housing accommodation, due to Government-imposed minimum standards, does not necessarily involve Government intervention in the supply, capital financing or subsidizing of housing, futhermore, though there is no uniform pattern of building cost in our country, it seems that the cost of a dwelling in terms of wages in higher now than recent year. As a consequence, Government's action is commonly required to ensure an adequate supply of housing accommodation, to provide financial assistance to the people without homes and unable to pay market price, and to maintain socialy acceptable standards. At the same time, the importance of housing accommodation in relation to National and Regional Economic Development Programmes is such that housing supply has little impact on, or connection with, economic growth. Furthmore, the interest which a Governmen thas in both the social and economic objectives of housing supply involue a concern for a wide range of related issue such as the building industry and supply and price of land, indeed, policies in relation to the building industry and to land might even be the major features of a housing supply policy in Korea. As the proposals for supply of public housing accommodation, the followings are suggested, a) By supplying sufficient residential sites and stabilizing housing prices the housing supply should be expanded, and the ratio of housing stock to the number of households should be increased. Housing costs should be lowered and availability increased by encouraging construction firms to produce standernized housing which can be make produced. b) The public sector should be concentrated on the construction of smaller housing units to accommodate the needs of low-income groups and newly formed house holds. Promotion of housing construction should also take regional distributive aspects into consideration. c) Public housing programe and financial subsidies should be provided primarily for construction of smaller housing units. And redevelopment programs should be designed to make the must effective use of existing-housing, to renovate old housing, and to improve residential surroundings and environment. d) Through differential tax treatment construction of smaller houses should be encouraged, and to ensure an adequate supply of houses construction firms should be encouraged to specialize in housing constructions. e) Expending the availability of housing funds, the supply of public funds for housing should be expended with increased government investment and loans, and measures should be taken to obtain foreign loans for public housing supply. f) Domestic funds mobilized through pension programs, insurance, and other savings schemes should be induced to housing markets. And, at the some time, preferential tax and financing treatment should be provided to firms that construct housing for their employees. g) Stabilizing housing prices and expending the supply of residential sites, construction costs should be reduced by encouraging the housing industry to specialize in production of standardized housing materials, and land use plans for residential areas should be adjusted in order to stabilize the residential land supply, and also, utilization of residential areas should be improved by designating certain areas as apartment zones, by developing slopes for residential areas, by diverting planned industrial sites into residential land, and by converting former industrial sites for housing. h) Finally, the duty which the Housing Authorities of the Government must consider is to provided sufficient housing supply for the homeless and needs of certain district "unfit of human habitation" with respect to the provision of further housing accommodation.

한국관광공사의 효율극대화를 위한 기능분석

김연화 안양대학교 복지행정연구소 1998 福祉行政硏究 Vol.14 No.-