Enhancement of GluN2B Subunit-Containing NMDA Receptor Underlies Serotonergic Regulation of Long-Term Potentiation after Critical Period in the Rat Visual Cortex

Kayoung Joo,Duck-Joo Rhie,Hyun-Jong Jang 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.6

Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] regulates synaptic plasticity in the visual cortex. Although the effects of 5-HT on plasticity showed huge diversity depending on the ages of animals and species, it has been unclear how 5-HT can show such diverse effects. In the rat visual cortex, 5-HT suppressed long-term potentiation (LTP) at 5 weeks but enhanced LTP at 8 weeks. We speculated that this difference may originate from differential regulation of neurotransmission by 5-HT between the age groups. Thus, we investigated the effects of 5-HT on apha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-, γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABA_AR)-, and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR)-mediated neurotransmissions and their involvement in the differential regulation of plasticity between 5 and 8 weeks. AMPAR-mediated currents were not affected by 5-HT at both 5 and 8 weeks. GABA_AR-mediated currents were enhanced by 5-HT at both age groups. However, 5-HT enhanced NMDAR-mediated currents only at 8 weeks. The enhancement of NMDAR-mediated currents appeared to be mediated by the enhanced function of GluN2B subunit-containing NMDAR. The enhanced GABA_AR- and NMDAR-mediated neurotransmissions were responsible for the suppression of LTP at 5 weeks and the facilitation of LTP at 8 weeks, respectively. These results indicate that the effects of 5-HT on neurotransmission change with development, and the changes may underlie the differential regulation of synaptic plasticity between different age groups. Thus, the developmental changes in 5-HT function should be carefully considered while investigating the 5-HT-mediated metaplastic control of the cortical network.

Enhancement of GluN2B Subunit-Containing NMDA Receptor Underlies Serotonergic Regulation of Long-Term Potentiation after Critical Period in the Rat Visual Cortex

Joo, Kayoung,Rhie, Duck-Joo,Jang, Hyun-Jong The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.6

Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] regulates synaptic plasticity in the visual cortex. Although the effects of 5-HT on plasticity showed huge diversity depending on the ages of animals and species, it has been unclear how 5-HT can show such diverse effects. In the rat visual cortex, 5-HT suppressed long-term potentiation (LTP) at 5 weeks but enhanced LTP at 8 weeks. We speculated that this difference may originate from differential regulation of neurotransmission by 5-HT between the age groups. Thus, we investigated the effects of 5-HT on apha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABAAR)-, and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR)-mediated neurotransmissions and their involvement in the differential regulation of plasticity between 5 and 8 weeks. AMPAR-mediated currents were not affected by 5-HT at both 5 and 8 weeks. GABAAR-mediated currents were enhanced by 5-HT at both age groups. However, 5-HT enhanced NMDAR-mediated currents only at 8 weeks. The enhancement of NMDAR-mediated currents appeared to be mediated by the enhanced function of GluN2B subunit-containing NMDAR. The enhanced GABAAR- and NMDAR-mediated neurotransmissions were responsible for the suppression of LTP at 5 weeks and the facilitation of LTP at 8 weeks, respectively. These results indicate that the effects of 5-HT on neurotransmission change with development, and the changes may underlie the differential regulation of synaptic plasticity between different age groups. Thus, the developmental changes in 5-HT function should be carefully considered while investigating the 5-HT-mediated metaplastic control of the cortical network.

Layer-specific involvement of endocannabinoid signaling in muscarinic-induced long-term depression in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of rat visual cortex

Joo, Kayoung,Cho, Kwang-Hyun,Youn, Sung-Hee,Jang, Hyun-Jong,Rhie, Duck-Joo Elsevier 2019 Brain Research Vol.1712 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Neuromodulatory facilitation of long-term synaptic plasticity is important in learning, memory, and experience-dependent cortical plasticity. Although muscarinic-induced long-term depression (mLTD) in the visual cortex is well known, its cellular mechanisms are not fully understood yet. Since endocannabinoid signaling mediates presynaptic expression of LTD in various brain areas including the primary visual cortex of rats, we investigated the involvement of endocannabinoids in the induction of mLTD in different dendritic compartments of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons. With an unloading experiment of FM1-43 as an indicator of synaptic vesicle recycling, we confirmed that layer 1 and layer 4 stimulations mainly activated distal apical (in layer 1) and perisomatic (in layer 2/3) dendritic compartments, respectively. Bath application of muscarine (10 min) induced LTD in synaptic inputs activated by stimulation of layers 1 (L1-mLTD) and 4 (L2/3-mLTD). Both mLTDs were blocked by intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> chelator BAPTA and bath application of NMDA receptor antagonist <SMALL>D</SMALL>-AP5. However, only L2/3-mLTD exhibited an increase in paired-pulse ratio. In addition, only L2/3-mLTD was blocked by treatment with CB<SUB>1</SUB> receptor antagonist AM251. Both mLTDs were blocked by intracellular NMDA receptor antagonist MK801, but not by glia-specific metabolic inhibitor fluoroacetate, implying that neither presynaptic NMDA receptors nor astrocytes are involved in mLTD. These results suggest that L2/3-mLTD is expressed presynaptically via retrograde endocannabinoid signaling while L1-mLTD is endocannabinoid independent in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of the visual cortex. Therefore, layer-specific involvement of endocannabinoids in the induction of mLTD might play an important role in cortical development and information processing in the neocortex.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Endocannabinoids are involved in muscarinic-induced LTD. </LI> <LI> Endocannabinoid signaling is dendritic-compartment specific in layer 2/3 neurons. </LI> <LI> Muscarine induces endocannabinoid-dependent LTD in a layer-specific manner. </LI> <LI> Neither presynaptic NMDA receptors nor astrocytes are involved in LTD. </LI> </UL> </P>

Phasic and Tonic Inhibition are Maintained Respectively by CaMKII and PKA in the Rat Visual Cortex

Joo, Kayoung,Yoon, Shin Hee,Rhie, Duck-Joo,Jang, Hyun-Jong The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.6

Phasic and tonic ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acidA ($GABA_A$) receptor-mediated inhibition critically regulate neuronal information processing. As these two inhibitory modalities have distinctive features in their receptor composition, subcellular localization of receptors, and the timing of receptor activation, it has been thought that they might exert distinct roles, if not completely separable, in the regulation of neuronal function. Inhibition should be maintained and regulated depending on changes in network activity, since maintenance of excitation-inhibition balance is essential for proper functioning of the nervous system. In the present study, we investigated how phasic and tonic inhibition are maintained and regulated by different signaling cascades. Inhibitory postsynaptic currents were measured as either electrically evoked events or spontaneous events to investigate regulation of phasic inhibition in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of the rat visual cortex. Tonic inhibition was assessed as changes in holding currents by the application of the $GABA_A$ receptor blocker bicuculline. Basal tone of phasic inhibition was maintained by intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). However, maintenance of tonic inhibition relied on protein kinase A activity. Depolarization of membrane potential (5 min of 0 mV holding) potentiated phasic inhibition via $Ca^{2+}$ and CaMKII but tonic inhibition was not affected. Thus, phasic and tonic inhibition seem to be independently maintained and regulated by different signaling cascades in the same cell. These results suggest that neuromodulatory signals might differentially regulate phasic and tonic inhibition in response to changes in brain states.

일상생활 수행능력 평가도구의 유효성 분석 연구

주채린(Chaelin Joo),김가영(Kayoung Kim),이원혜(Won Hye Lee),한주현(Joo Hyun Han),노은정(Eunjung Noh),임선진(Seon Jin Yim) 대한노인정신의학회 2023 노인정신의학 Vol.27 No.2

Objective: The study’s aim was to evaluate the validity of the Korean version of the University of California San Diego Performance- based Skills Assessment, Validation of Intermediate Measures (K-UPSA-2-VIM) in patients with dementia (D), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitive normal control group (CN). Methods: Study participants were 25 patients with D, 43 patients with MCI, and 111 controls with CN group, respectively. For cognitive assessment, Mini Mental State Examination, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease neuropsychological battery, and Clinical Dementia Rating were used. For functional assessment, Barthel-Activities of Daily Living, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Dementia Screening questionnaire, and K-UPSA-2-VIM were used. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in all subdomains and total score of the K-UPSA-2-VIM among three cognitive groups. K-UPSA-2-VIM demonstrated 75.7% of sensitivity and 65.1% of specificity, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.731 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.641-0.821, p<0.001) in discriminating between CN and MCI groups. In discriminating between MCI and D groups, 76.7% of sensitivity and 64.0% of specificity, with an AUC of 0.706 (95% CI: 0.580-0.833, p=0.005) were demonstrated. Conclusion: The K-UPSA-2-VIM is useful to evaluate activities of daily living function in Korean patients with D and MCI.

양극성장애 환자용 한국어판 기분 기록 스마트폰 어플리케이션의 개발 및 임상적 적용

송가영(Kayoung Song),이세정(Saejeong Lee),윤 운(Woon Yoon),김창윤(Changyoon Kim),주연호(Yeonho Joo),이중선(Jungsun Lee),전명욱(Myong-Wuk Chon) 대한신경정신의학회 2018 신경정신의학 Vol.57 No.3

Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a Korean version of a mood chart application on an Android platform. Methods This application is based on the traditional mood chart. Eighteen adults with DSM-5 bipolar disorder were enrolled from November 2016 to March 2017. They were asked to rate their daily mood scores and severity of irritability and impulsivity for six months. Their clinicians rated their symptom severity monthly using the Clinical Global Impression-7 (CGI-7) scale. After six months, the participants completed an anonymous questionnaire regarding their satisfaction with the application. Results Of the 18 patients, one withdrew their consent from this study and six were males (35.3%) ; their mean age was 31.71±8.56 years. The mean follow-up duration was 159.12±49.45 days and the period of application use was 143.65±52.11 days. The mean total response rate was 59.45% and the mean response rate on the same day was 43.06%. The adherence to using the application decreased significantly declined over the duration since enrollment [odds ratio (OR)=1.008, p=0.008] but tended to increase according to age (OR=0.958, p=0.002). The application mood scores were correlated significantly with the manic (β=0.307, p=0.004) and depressive (β=-0.701, p<0.001) subscale, and the total (β=1.026, p=0.002) of the CGI-7 (linear mixed models). The majority of subjects agreed that the application helped them manage their symptoms (92.86%), stating that the application was easy to use (78.57%). Conclusion This application could be a valid and useful tool to monitor the mood symptoms of patients with bipolar disorder in Korea.

상측분절시신경형성부전 환자와 정상안압녹내장 환자의 망막신경섬유층 두께 비교

김주현,강신희,박주현,이가영,Joo Hyun Kim,Shin Hee Kang,Joo Hyun Park,Kayoung Yi 대한안과학회 2013 대한안과학회지 Vol.54 No.2

Purpose: To analyze the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in superior segmental optic hypoplasia (SSOH) patients and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients with inferior visual field defects using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: Ten eyes of 10 patients with SSOH and 10 eyes of 10 patients with NTG were evaluated. The peripapillary RNFL thickness measured by OCT was compared between the 2 groups. Results: The mean RNFL thickness was not significantly different between SSOH patients (79.60 ± 12.54 μm) and NTG patients (77.10 ± 8.52 μm) (p = 0.089). Among the quadrant parameters, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups (p > 0.05). In a clock-hour analysis, the peripapillary RNFL thickness of the NTG group was significantly thicker than the SSOH group in 12, 1, and 2 o’clock (p = 0.029, 0.007, 0.043, respectively). In contrast, the peripapillary RNFL thickness of the SSOH group was significantly thicker than the SSOH group in 6, and 7 o’clock (p = 0.029, 0.007, respectively). Conclusions: Peripapillary RNFL thickness in patients with SSOH was thinner than in those with NTG in the superonasal region, but thicker in the inferotemporal region indicating a different retinal nerve fiber defect pattern between the 2 diseases.

10℃ 환경에서 기류가 겨울철 패딩 의류의 한 벌 보온력에 미치는 영향 -인체 착용 및 서멀마네킹 측정 비교-

백윤정 ( Yoon Jeong Baek ),조가영 ( Kayoung Cho ),홍유진 ( Yujin Hong ),이주영 ( Joo-young Lee ) 한국의류학회 2021 한국의류학회지 Vol.45 No.4

This study was to investigate the thermal insulation of clothing ensembles, including padded jackets with two different filling types. Thermal insulation of the ensemble was measured using a thermal manikin in four conditions (10°C, 30% RH and 20°C, 50% RH with an air velocity of less than 0.15 m · s^-1 and 1.5 m · s^-1). Ten males participated at 10°C and 30% RH with an air velocity of less than 0.15 m · s^-1 and 1.5 m · s^-1. The results showed that the polyester ensemble was warmer than a goose down ensemble in 0.15 m · s^-1 conditions and the goose down ensemble had greater thermal insulation than the polyester ensemble at an air velocity of 1.5 m · s-1. Thermal insulation was reduced 5-7% when temperature decreased 10°C and reduced 40-50% when air velocity reached 1.5 m · s^-1 for both ensembles. Thermal insulation of the ensemble in human trials decreased more than a thermal manikin at 10°C, 30% RH with an air velocity of 1.5 m · s^-1. Lower temperatures and human trials were effective in identifying the properties of the thermal insulation by filling types even though there were restrictions on the general application because of two types of a clothing ensemble.

Layer-specific cholinergic modulation of synaptic transmission in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of rat visual cortex

Kwang-Hyun Cho,Seul-Yi Lee,Kayoung Joo,Duck-Joo Rhie 대한약리학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.23 No.5

It is known that top-down associative inputs terminate on distal apical dendrites in layer 1 while bottom-up sensory inputs terminate on perisomatic dendrites of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons (L2/3 PyNs) in primary sensory cortex. Since studies on synaptic transmission in layer 1 are sparse, we investigated the basic properties and cholinergic modulation of synaptic transmission in layer 1 and compared them to those in perisomatic dendrites of L2/3 PyNs of rat primary visual cortex. Using extracellular stimulations of layer 1 and layer 4, we evoked excitatory postsynaptic current/potential in synapses in distal apical dendrites (L1-EPSC/L1EPSP) and those in perisomatic dendrites (L4-EPSC/L4-EPSP), respectively. Kinetics of L1-EPSC was slower than that of L4-EPSC. L1-EPSC showed presynaptic depression while L4-EPSC was facilitating. In contrast, inhibitory postsynaptic currents showed similar paired-pulse ratio between layer 1 and layer 4 stimulations with depression only at 100 Hz. Cholinergic stimulation induced presynaptic depression by activating muscarinic receptors in excitatory and inhibitory synapses to similar extents in both inputs. However, nicotinic stimulation enhanced excitatory synaptic transmission by ~20% in L4-EPSC. Rectification index of AMPA receptors and AMPA/NMDA ratio were similar between synapses in distal apical and perisomatic dendrites. These results provide basic properties and cholinergic modulation of synaptic transmission between distal apical and perisomatic dendrites in L2/3 PyNs of the visual cortex, which might be important for controlling information processing balance depending on attentional state.

Layer-specific cholinergic modulation of synaptic transmission in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of rat visual cortex

Cho, Kwang-Hyun,Lee, Seul-Yi,Joo, Kayoung,Rhie, Duck-Joo The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2019 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.23 No.5

It is known that top-down associative inputs terminate on distal apical dendrites in layer 1 while bottom-up sensory inputs terminate on perisomatic dendrites of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons (L2/3 PyNs) in primary sensory cortex. Since studies on synaptic transmission in layer 1 are sparse, we investigated the basic properties and cholinergic modulation of synaptic transmission in layer 1 and compared them to those in perisomatic dendrites of L2/3 PyNs of rat primary visual cortex. Using extracellular stimulations of layer 1 and layer 4, we evoked excitatory postsynaptic current/potential in synapses in distal apical dendrites (L1-EPSC/L1-EPSP) and those in perisomatic dendrites (L4-EPSC/L4-EPSP), respectively. Kinetics of L1-EPSC was slower than that of L4-EPSC. L1-EPSC showed presynaptic depression while L4-EPSC was facilitating. In contrast, inhibitory postsynaptic currents showed similar paired-pulse ratio between layer 1 and layer 4 stimulations with depression only at 100 Hz. Cholinergic stimulation induced presynaptic depression by activating muscarinic receptors in excitatory and inhibitory synapses to similar extents in both inputs. However, nicotinic stimulation enhanced excitatory synaptic transmission by ~20% in L4-EPSC. Rectification index of AMPA receptors and AMPA/NMDA ratio were similar between synapses in distal apical and perisomatic dendrites. These results provide basic properties and cholinergic modulation of synaptic transmission between distal apical and perisomatic dendrites in L2/3 PyNs of the visual cortex, which might be important for controlling information processing balance depending on attentional state.