협동 미술활동 프로그램을 통한 발달지체유아의 사회성 증진 연구

고선희,정계숙 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 2006 영유아보육연구 Vol.12 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine whether a cooperative art activities program improved social skills of the preschooler with developmental delays. Four selected preschoolers with developmental delays. They were selected by using interviews, Social Maturity Test and Korean ABACUS. A 25-sessions program was conducted. The finding of the study were as follows: First, as a result of the program the score of social ability of the preschoolers with developmental delays increased. Second, as a result of the program the frequency of interaction-target behavior of the preschoolers with developmental delays increased during free-play class. Third, a cooperative art activities program allowed the preschoolers with developmental delays to make more attempts to get in touch with the preschoolers, and positive attempts, such as communicating through gesture, commenting. Fourth, a cooperative art activities program encouraged the preschoolers with developmental delays to react to the attempts of the preschoolers in a more positive manner, and negative reaction was the wane. In conclusion, the program developed for this study has been shown to have a positive effect on the social ability and social interaction in the preschoolers with developmental delays not only during the program, but also after the program.

A New Unified Scheme for Controlled Power System Separation Using Synchronized Phasor Measurements

Kai Sun,Kyeon Hur,Pei Zhang IEEE 2011 IEEE transactions on power systems Vol.26 No.3

<P>Controlled power system separation, which separates the transmission system into islands in a controlled manner, is considered the final resort against a blackout under severe disturbances, e.g., cascading events. Three critical problems of controlled separation are where and when to separate and what to do after separation, which are rarely studied together. They are addressed in this paper by a proposed unified controlled separation scheme based on synchrophasors. The scheme decouples the three problems by partitioning them into sub-problems handled strategically in three time stages: the Offline Analysis stage determines elementary generator groups, optimizes potential separation points in between, and designs post-separation control strategies; the Online Monitoring stage predicts separation boundaries by modal analysis on synchrophasor data; the Real-time Control stage calculates a synchrophasor-based separation risk index for each boundary to predict the time to perform separation. The proposed scheme is demonstrated on a 179-bus power system by case studies.</P>

Prospectively Electrocardiogram-Gated High-Pitch Spiral Acquisition Mode Dual-Source CT Coronary Angiography in Patients with High Heart Rates: Comparison with Retrospective Electrocardiogram-Gated Spiral Acquisition Mode

Kai Sun,Rui-Juan Han,Li-Jun Ma,Li-Jun Wang,Li-Gang Li,Jiu-Hong Chen 대한영상의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.13 No.6

Objective: To assess the image quality and effective radiation dose of prospectively electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated high-pitch spiral acquisition mode (flash mode) of dual-source CT (DSCT) coronary angiography (CTCA) in patients with high heart rates (HRs) as compared with retrospectively ECG-gated spiral acquisition mode. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and sixty-eight consecutive patients (132 female, mean age: 55 ± 11 years) with mean HR > 65 beats per minute (bpm) were prospectively included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups. Collection was performed in group A CTCA using flash mode setting at 20-30% of the R-R interval, and retrospectively ECG-gated spiral acquisition mode in group B. The image noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), image quality scores, effective radiation dose and influencing factors on image quality between the two groups were assessed. Results: There were no significant differences in image quality scores and proportions of non-diagnostic coronary artery segments between two groups (image quality scores: 1.064 ± 0.306 [group A] vs. 1.084 ± 0.327 [group B], p = 0.063; proportion of non-diagnostic coronary artery segments: segment-based analysis 1.52% (group A) vs. 1.74% (group B), p = 0.345; patient-based analysis 7.5% (group A) vs. 6.7% (group B), p = 0.812). The estimated radiation dose was 1.0 ± 0.16 mSv in group A and 7.1 ± 1.05 mSv in group B (p = 0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, in patients with HRs > 65 bpm without cardiac arrhythmia, the prospectively high-pitch spiral-acquisition mode with image-acquired timing set at 20-30% of the R-R interval provides a similar image quality and low rate of non-diagnostic coronary segments to the retrospectively ECG-gated low-pitch spiral acquisition mode, with significant reduction of radiation exposure. Objective: To assess the image quality and effective radiation dose of prospectively electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated high-pitch spiral acquisition mode (flash mode) of dual-source CT (DSCT) coronary angiography (CTCA) in patients with high heart rates (HRs) as compared with retrospectively ECG-gated spiral acquisition mode. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and sixty-eight consecutive patients (132 female, mean age: 55 ± 11 years) with mean HR > 65 beats per minute (bpm) were prospectively included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups. Collection was performed in group A CTCA using flash mode setting at 20-30% of the R-R interval, and retrospectively ECG-gated spiral acquisition mode in group B. The image noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), image quality scores, effective radiation dose and influencing factors on image quality between the two groups were assessed. Results: There were no significant differences in image quality scores and proportions of non-diagnostic coronary artery segments between two groups (image quality scores: 1.064 ± 0.306 [group A] vs. 1.084 ± 0.327 [group B], p = 0.063; proportion of non-diagnostic coronary artery segments: segment-based analysis 1.52% (group A) vs. 1.74% (group B), p = 0.345; patient-based analysis 7.5% (group A) vs. 6.7% (group B), p = 0.812). The estimated radiation dose was 1.0 ± 0.16 mSv in group A and 7.1 ± 1.05 mSv in group B (p = 0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, in patients with HRs > 65 bpm without cardiac arrhythmia, the prospectively high-pitch spiral-acquisition mode with image-acquired timing set at 20-30% of the R-R interval provides a similar image quality and low rate of non-diagnostic coronary segments to the retrospectively ECG-gated low-pitch spiral acquisition mode, with significant reduction of radiation exposure.

Modeling and Analysis of Leakage Currents in PWM-VSI-Fed PMSM Drives for Air-Conditioners with High Accuracy and within a Wide Frequency Range

Kai Sun,Yangjun Lu,Yan Xing,Lipei Huang 전력전자학회 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.3

Leakage currents occur in pulse-width-modulated voltage source inverter (PWM-VSI)-fed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives for air-conditioners, which seriously affect system safety and operation performance. High accuracy modeling and prediction of leakage currents are key issues for the design and implementation of air-conditioning products. In this study, the generation mechanism of leakage currents is discussed. A systematic modeling approach of leakage currents is proposed, including the modeling of leakage current sources and leakage current paths. By using the proposed approach, the complete model of leakage currents in PWM-VSI-fed PMSM drives for air-conditioners has been developed based on the extraction of all parameters. A comparison between the simulated leakage currents based on the developed model and measured leakage currents in the outdoor unit of an air-conditioning product is conducted. The comparison verifies the effectiveness of the proposed modeling approach, and the developed model exhibits high accuracy within a wide frequency range.

Exact and approximate solutions for free vibrations of continuous partialinteraction composite beams

Kai Q. Sun,Nan Zhang,Qun X. Zhu,Xiao Liu 국제구조공학회 2022 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.44 No.4

An exact dynamic analytical method for free vibrations of continuous partial-interaction composite beams is proposed based on the Timoshenko beam theory. The main advantage of this method is that the independent shear deformations and rotary inertia of sub-beams are considered, which is more in line with the reality. Therefore, the accuracy of eigenfrequencies obtained by this method is significantly improved, especially for higher order modes, compared to the existing methods where the rotary angles of both sub-beams are assumed to be equal irrespective of the differences in the shear stiffness of each sub-beam. Furthermore, the solutions obtained by the proposed method are exact owing to no introduction of approximated displacement and force fields in the derivation. In addition, an exact analytical solution for the case of simply supported is obtained. Based on this, an approximate expression for the fundamental frequency of continuous partial-interaction composite beams is also proposed, which is useful for practical engineering applications. Finally, the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method and the approximate expression are explored using numerical and experimental examples; The influence factors including the interfacial interaction, shear modulus ratio, span-to-depth ratio, and side-to-main span length ratio on the eigenfrequencies are presented and discussed in detail.

An equivalent single-layer theory for free vibration analysis of steel-concrete composite beams

Kai Q. Sun,Nan Zhang,Xiao Liu,Yan X. Tao 국제구조공학회 2021 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.38 No.3

An equivalent single-layer theory (EST) is put forward for analyzing free vibrations of steel-concrete composite beams (SCCB) based on a higher-order beam theory. In the EST, the effect of partial interaction between sub-beams and the transverse shear deformation are taken into account. After using the interlaminar shear force continuity condition and the shear stress free conditions at the top and bottom surface, the displacement function of the EST does not contain the first derivatives of transverse displacement. Therefore, the C0 interpolation functions are just demanded during its finite element implementation. Finally, the EST is validated by comparing the results of two simply-supported steel-concrete composite beams which are tested in laboratory and calculated by ANSYS software. Then, the influencing factors for free vibrations of SCCB are analyzed, such as, different boundary conditions, depth to span ratio, high-order shear terms, and interfacial shear connector stiffness.

Modeling and Analysis of Leakage Currents in PWM-VSI-Fed PMSM Drives for Air-Conditioners with High Accuracy and within a Wide Frequency Range

Sun, Kai,Lu, Yangjun,Xing, Yan,Huang, Lipei The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.3

Leakage currents occur in pulse-width-modulated voltage source inverter (PWM-VSI)-fed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives for air-conditioners, which seriously affect system safety and operation performance. High accuracy modeling and prediction of leakage currents are key issues for the design and implementation of air-conditioning products. In this study, the generation mechanism of leakage currents is discussed. A systematic modeling approach of leakage currents is proposed, including the modeling of leakage current sources and leakage current paths. By using the proposed approach, the complete model of leakage currents in PWM-VSI-fed PMSM drives for air-conditioners has been developed based on the extraction of all parameters. A comparison between the simulated leakage currents based on the developed model and measured leakage currents in the outdoor unit of an air-conditioning product is conducted. The comparison verifies the effectiveness of the proposed modeling approach, and the developed model exhibits high accuracy within a wide frequency range.

Proteomic analysis of amino acid metabolism differences between wild and cultivated Panax ginseng

Sun, Hang,Liu, Fangbing,Sun, Liwei,Liu, Jianzeng,Wang, Manying,Chen, Xuenan,Xu, Xiaohao,Ma, Rui,Feng, Kai,Jiang, Rui The Korean Society of Ginseng 2016 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.40 No.2

Background: The present study aimed to compare the relative abundance of proteins and amino acid metabolites to explore the mechanisms underlying the difference between wild and cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) at the amino acid level. Methods: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation were used to identify the differential abundance of proteins between wild and cultivated ginseng. Total amino acids in wild and cultivated ginseng were compared using an automated amino acid analyzer. The activities of amino acid metabolism-related enzymes and the contents of intermediate metabolites between wild and cultivated ginseng were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and spectrophotometric methods. Results: Our results showed that the contents of 14 types of amino acids were higher in wild ginseng compared with cultivated ginseng. The amino acid metabolism-related enzymes and their derivatives, such as glutamate decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine, all had high levels of accumulation in wild ginseng. The accumulation of sulfur amino acid synthesis-related proteins, such as methionine synthase, was also higher in wild ginseng. In addition, glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle-related enzymes as well as their intermediates had high levels of accumulation in wild ginseng. Conclusion: This study elucidates the differences in amino acids between wild and cultivated ginseng. These results will provide a reference for further studies on the medicinal functions of wild ginseng.

龍文化與陰陽五行學說

孫開泰(Sun Kai-Tai) 동양사회사상학회 2006 사회사상과 문화 Vol.13 No.-

  용龍 문화와 음양오행설陰陽五行說의 기원은 농업 생산 방식과 밀접하게 관련되어 있다. 원시 시대의 토템 사상은 중국 문화와 사상 형성의 주요한 원류의 하나이다. 토템 사상의 하나인 용에 대한 숭배는 음양오행설의 발달에 커다란 영향을 주었다. 음양오행설은 천문?역법과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 음양ㆍ오행 관념의 발생은 고대 중국인들이 대자연을 관찰한 결과이며, 별자리를 관찰하고 역법을 제정한 것과 직접적인 관계가 있다. 용은 변화무쌍한 신비스런 동물이며, 중국인들은 용의 후예라는 인식을 갖고 있다. 용 자체는 음양의 양방면을 모두 가지고 있으면서, 조화를 이루는 작용을 한다. 음양오행설은 중국 고대 우주관의 철학적 사상이며, 용 문화는 음양오행설의 철학 사상을 반영하고 있다.   The origin of dragon Culture and the theory of yin-yang and five elements is the ancient agricultural production system. Totemism of primitive society is an important origin of Chinese traditional culture and thoughts. Dragon culture is a kind of ancient totemism. It contributed to the development of the theory of yin-yang and five elements. The theory of yin-yang and five elements is closely related to astronology and lunar calendar. The occurrence of the idea of yin-yang and five elements is the results of observation of nature. Dragon is a mysterious animal. Chinese think that they are descendents of dragon. Dragon has both character of yin-yang. The theory of yin-yang and five elements is a philosophical thoughts which represents Chinese ancient view of universe. Dragon culture represents the philosophical thoughts of the theory of yin-yang and five elements.

Electrophysiological and alarm behavioral responses of Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to alkoxypyrazines

Yan Sun,Kai-Min Shao,Yongyue Lu,Qun-Hui Shi,Wen-Kai Wang,Li Chen 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.2

The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta produces an alarm pheromone component, 2-ethyl-3,6- dimethylpyrazine, and responds to its pyrazine analogs in a similar manner but at varied detection thresholds. Herein, the responses of fire ant workers by electroantennogram (EAG) and behavior were tested with twelve structurally-related oxygen-containing pyrazines (alkoxypyrazines) and the synthetic alarm pheromone. All tested compounds elicited a dose-dependent EAG response, with S. invicta responding greatest to the synthetic alarmpheromone. Chemical structure of pyrazines influenced the EAG response but not always alarmbehavioral response. Among the 13 tested compounds, 7 compounds displayed significantly greater EAG response than 2- isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine and 2-ethoxy-3-isopropylpyrazine at the dose of 1000 μg. Four of these 7 compounds, 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2-methoxy-3-methylpyrazine, 2-ethoxy-3(5 or 6)-methylpyrazine, and 2-chloro-3-methoxypyrazinewith characteristic substituents on pyrazine ringwere further subjected to bait discovery bioassay.Hotdog bait containing pyrazines attracted significantlymore fire antworkers in the first 15-min period, resulting in quicker recruitment to food block than hexane control. The potential of using alkoxypyrazines in fire ant control is discussed.