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Seungeun Baek,Thanh‑Tam Ho,Hyoshin Lee,Gooyoung Jung,김영은,Cheol‑Seung Jeong,박소영 한국식물생명공학회 2020 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.14 No.1
Centella asiatica contains various triterpenoids, including madecassoside, asiaticoside, madecassic acid, and asiatic acid. Among them, they are mainly contained in leaf, and among them asiaticoside is known as tissue-specific compound that are mainly accumulated in the leaves. Therefore, in the present study, C. asiatica hairy root cultures were established from petiole and leaf explants using Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. To promote the biosynthesis of these triterpenoids, hairy root cultures were treated with precursors (squalene and pyruvic acid) and elicitors [methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA)] at various concentrations. No significant difference was detected in the growth index of hairy root cultures between precursor feeding and elicitation, except pyruvic acid feeding, suggesting that elicitors do not affect the growth of hairy roots. Treatment with 2.5 mM squalene and 5 mM pyruvic acid enhanced the biosynthesis of target triterpenoids (57.53 and 29.13 mg g−1 DW, respectively) compared with other treatments. However, compared to squalene, MeJA showed a greater effect on the triterpene saponin content in C. asiatica. The highest quantity of triterpenoids (60.25 mg g−1 DW) was produced in hairy root cultures treated with 400 μM MeJA. These results indicate that precursorand elicitor-treated C. asiatica hairy root cultures rapidly accumulate biomass and could be used to enhance the production of triterpenoids for industrial purposes.
Seong, Hye Rim,Wang, Cuicui,Irfan, Muhammad,Kim, Young Eun,Jung, Gooyoung,Park, Sung Kyeong,Kim, Tae Myoung,Choi, Ehn-Kyoung,Rhee, Man Hee,Kim, Yun-Bae The Korean Society of Ginseng 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.5
Background: Since ginsenosides exert an anti-thrombotic activity, blood flow-improving effects of DK-MGAR101, an extract of mountain ginseng adventitious roots (MGAR) containing various ginsenosides, were investigated in comparison with an extract of Korean Red Ginseng (ERG). Methods: In Sprague-Dawley rats orally administered with DK-MGAR101 or ERG, oxidative carotid arterial thrombosis was induced with FeCl<sub>3</sub> (35%), and their blood flow and occlusion time were measured. To elucidate underlying mechanisms, the cytoprotective activities on rat aortic endothelial cells (RAOECs) exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) were confirmed. In addition, the inhibitory activities of DK-MGAR101 and ERG on agonist-induced platelet aggregation, thromboxane B<sub>2</sub> production, and ATP granule release from stimulated platelets as well as blood coagulation were analyzed. Results: DK-MGAR101 containing high concentrations of Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, Rg5, and Rk1 ginsenosides (55.07 mg/g) was more effective than ERG (ginsenosides 8.45 mg/g) in protecting RAOECs against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> cytotoxicity. DK-MGAR101 was superior to ERG not only in suppressing platelet aggregation, thromboxane B<sub>2</sub> production, and granule release, but also in delaying blood coagulation, FeCl<sub>3</sub>-induced arterial occlusion, and thrombus formation. Conclusions: The results indicate that DK-MGAR101 prevents blood vessel occlusion by suppressing platelet aggregation, thrombosis, and blood coagulation, in addition to endothelial cell injury.
Blood flow-improving activity of methyl jasmonate-treated adventitious roots of mountain ginseng
Young-Hwan Ban,Yeseul Cha,Jieun Choi,Eun Suk An,Ji Young Lee,Nu Ry Han,Da Woom Seo,Gooyoung Jung,Da-Hye Jeong,Man Hee Rhee,Ehn-Kyoung Choi,Yun-Bae Kim 한국실험동물학회 2017 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.33 No.2
Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng are well known for their diverse pharmacological effects including antithrombotic activity. Since adventitious roots of mountain ginseng (ARMG) also contain various ginsenosides, blood flow-improving effects of the dried powder and extract of ARMG were investigated. Rats were orally administered with dried powder (PARMG) or ethanol extract (EARMG) of ARMG (125, 250 or 500 mg/kg) or aspirin (30 mg/kg, a reference control) for 3 weeks. Forty min after the final administration, carotid arterial thrombosis was induced by applying a 70% FeCl3-soaked filter paper outside the arterial wall for 5 min, and the blood flow was monitored with a laser Doppler probe. Both PARMG and EARMG delayed the FeCl3-induced arterial occlusion in a dose-dependent manner, doubling the occlusion time at high doses. In mechanism studies, a high concentration of EARMG inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen in vitro. In addition, EARMG improved the blood lipid profiles, decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Although additional action mechanisms remain to be clarified, it is suggested that ARMG containing high amount of ginsenosides such as Rg3 improves blood flow not only by inhibiting oxidative thrombosis, but also by modifying blood lipid profiles.