심실근의 수축현상에 미치는 O₂, CO₂ 및 pH의 영향

장석종,박해근 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1983 충남의대잡지 Vol.10 No.2

It has been well known that increased hydrogen ion concentration causes the negative inotropic effect on the heart. But in the status of acid base imbalance, metabolic or respiratory, the question of which status has more profound effect on the cardiac muscle contractility remains unsolved. Furthermore, whether such effect is attributable to the change of the intracellular pH or the extracellular change is a matter of controversy. In many studies concerning to the effect of carbon dioxide tension on the cardiac contractility, the effect of excess oxygen has been ignored despite of its significant influence upon the cellular function. The author intended to investigate the effects of the change of carbon dioxide tension, which causes the pH change simultaneously, as well as the effect of excess oxygen on the cardiac ventricular contractility. Also, to prove which change, metabolic or respiratory, has more profound effect and which change, intracellulcr or extracellular, has more crucial effect, the author examined the contractility of the ventricle under two different conditions. They were as follows: a) PCO_2 was varying despite of same magnitude of the change in pH. b) pH was varying despite of the same magnitude of the change in PCO_2 Turtle hearts were used and the Langendorf preparations were made. The perfusate was Tris-buffer solution for turtle, saturated with various gases, such as air, pure oxygen, nitrogen, or different concentrations of CO_2 balanced with oxygen or nitrogen. The tension and maximal dT/dt were recorded with the Physiograph and its accessories. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The excess oxygen enhanced the ventricular contractility. 2. Increased carbon dioxide tension, which decreases the pH simultaneously, reduced the ventricular contractility and that was more pronounced when CO_2 was balanced with nitrogen gas rather than with oxygen gas. 3. The relationships among several physiological parameters were estimated as follows: a) Y=1.01X-0.56 X: percent change of the tension Y: percent change of maximal contration dT/dt b) Z=1.06X-4.56 Z: percent change of maximal relation dT/dt The corelation coefficient in a) is 0.939 and in b) is 0.926, being significant statistically (P<0.005). 4. When the change of pH were same but the changes of PCO_2 were different, the change of ventricular contractility was more profound in the respiratory decrease of pH, that was higher PCO_2, more depressing effect (P<0.005) was manifested, than in the case of metabolic origin (p<0.005). 5. When the changes of PCO_2 were same but the changes of pH were different, the influence of the latter parameter on the contractility was not significant (P<0.1). From the above results it was suggested that the increased PCO_2, which also causes the decrease of pH, has negative inotropic effect and excess oxygen has positive inotropic effect on the ventricular muscle of the turtle. The negative inotropic effect of the lowered pH on the ventricular muscle was revealed to be more profound when it was induced by respiratory distress rather than motabolic and may be affected by change of intracellular pH rather than extracellular pH.

급성 췌장염의 시대적 변화

김배영(Bai Young Kim),김효종(Hyo Jong Kim),정형근(Hyung Keun Chung),김영관(Young Kwan Kim),동석호(Seok Ho Dong),김병호(Byung Ho Kim),이정일(Jung Il Lee),장영운(Young Woon Chang),장린(Rin Chang) 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.45 No.5

N/A Background: According to the rapid changes in social environment such as increasing alcohol consumption and the marked improvement in diagnostic technique, we expect that there have been major changes in various aspects of acute pancreatitis during the recent 12 years in Korea. Methods: The medical records of 317 patients with acute pancreatitis diagnosed from 1980 through 1992 were reviewed about clinical, laboratory and radiological findings in the three different time period. Results: 1) There has been an increasing incidence in male sex about three folds. 2) There has been an increasing trends in the duration of hospitalization. 3) A significant increase was observed in the proportion of patients with alcoholic pancreatitis in the three different time period; 26.9%, 45.7%, 50.7% respectively. 4) The complication rates have been slightly increased in the three different time period; 46.3%, 47.1%, 59.1% respectively. But, the type of complications has not been changed. 5) There is increasing severity in non-gallstone group, but no significant differences in gallstone group. There is a declining trends in the number of patients with muld severity index, but increasing trend in the number of patients with moderate severity index in non-gallstone group. 6) There was no significant differences in mortality rate. Conclusions: There has been major changes in the etiology ans severity of acute pancreatitis from 1980 through 1992. Especially, significant increase in the proportion of patients with alcoholic pancreatitis was observed in the three differnt time period. These results might be due to socioeconomic changes.

흰쥐에서 사염화 탄소(CCl4)에 의한 간섬유화의 유도

김병호,이정일,김효종,김영관,장린,동석호,장영운,송일한 대한소화기학회 1992 대한소화기학회지 Vol.24 No.6

Experimental model of hepatic fibrosis is importent contributions to the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix in the liver. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is one of the oldest and most widely used toxin for experimental induction of hepatic fibrosis in laboratory animals. In this study, We intended to induce the hepatic fibrosis in the rat by the intragastric CCl₄/ phenobarbtal treatment once a week for 12 weeks and the administration dosage of CCl₄ in each week was determined by the daily body weight change. Liver function and histologic change were examined just after 12-week treatment in group Ia (9 rats, Phenobarbital treatment only) and II (18 rats, CCl₄/phenobarbital treatment), and liver function and the irreversibility o histologic change were examined 12 weeks after 12-week treatment in group Ib (9 rats, phenobarbital treatment only) and III (18 rats, CCl₄/phenobarbital treatment). 1) Death rate after 12-week treatment was 11% in group Ⅰ, 56% in group Ⅱ and 50% in group Ⅲ. and the highest rate was at 1 week. that is 33 o each in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. 2) Tatal protein, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and portal venous pressure were significantly increased in group Ⅱ compared with that in group Ⅰa, but it was only portal venous pressure that was increased in group Ⅲ than in group Ⅰb, 3) The gross finding of micronodular change was shown in 88% of group Ⅱ, 71% of group Ⅲ, but none of group Ⅰ. The microscopic finding of hepatic fibrosis was found in all of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ, but none of group Ⅰ. The severe form of hepatic fibrosis suggesting cirrhosis was found in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ, 12% and 29% respectively. In our study, mortality rate was high within 1 week after CCl₄ treatment, which resulted in half survival rate after 12-week treatment. We also experienced the loin rate of severe fibrotic changes in surviving rats. In the future, in order to produce a severe irreversible fibrotic change with low mortality in inducing hepatic fibrosis with CCl₄/phenobarbital treatment in the rat, adequate detemination of the initial dose of CCl₄ and appropriate choice of administration route of CCl₄ were thought to be needed.

산도가 장관의 운동성에 미치는 영향

장석종,박해근,김광진,임현재 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1982 충남의대잡지 Vol.9 No.2

The effects of hydrogen ion concentration changes on the motility as well as patterns of motility to autonomic drugs was investigated in the isolated duodenum and ileum of rabbits. Motility was recorded on a Physiograph with force transducer by means of Magnus method in sodium lactate Ringer's solution at 37℃ The pH of the Ringer's solution used were nornal (pH 7.4), acidic (7.4-5.5), and alkaline(7.4-9.5), titrated by 0.01 N BCI or 0.01 N NaOH solution respectively. Acetylcholine and norepinephrine as autonomic drugs was treated at normal, acidic, and alkaline Ringer's solution. Obtained results may be summarized as follows. 1. Increased hydrogen ion concentration (or decreased pH) inhibited tie motility of duodenum and ileum and that was proportional to increment of hydrogen ion concentration. 2. Decreased hydrogen ion concentration(or increased pH) enhanced the motility of duodenum and ileum and that at was proportional to decrement of h drocen ion concentration. 3. Effect of acetvlcholine on the patterns of motility in duodenum and ileum was not altered by hydrogen ion concentration changes. 4. Effect of norepinephrine on the patterns of motility in duodenum and ileum was not altered by hydrogen ion concentration changes.

에타놀 정맥투여 고양이의 뇌압 변화에 관한 연구

김세훈,장석종,박해근 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1987 충남의대잡지 Vol.14 No.2

It has been well known that respiratory status has affected the intracranial pressure by' changing the brain blood flow, and also ethanol has affected the respiratory system by inhibiting the respiratory center and has affected cardiovascular system by inhibiting the cardiac performance and decreasing the total peripheral resistance. However, effect of ethanol on intracranial pressure has not been studied satisfactorily. Thus, following experiment was performed to examine the change of the intracranial pressure after ethanol administration in the cats. Ethanol was infused intravenously by lg ethanol per kg body weight for 15 minutes. Intracranial pressure was measured through balloon inserted between epidura and skull. Arterial blood pH, Po_2, Pco_2, ethanol concentration were measured. The results obtained are surnmerized as follows. Blood ethanol concentration increased by linear and peaked at 15 minutes(blood ethanol concentration was 409±31 mg%). Po_2, Pco_2. and pH at 15 minutes were 80. 3±5. lmmHg, 49.2±3.3mmHg and 7.24 =0.015 respectively. Blood pressure began to decrease and arterial pulse pressure began to increase at 10 minutes and more and more at 15 minutes respectively. Intracranial pressure began to increase at 10 minutes (blood ethanol concentration was 316±33 mg%) and peaked as 168.7±11.4% contrast to control at 15 minutes and also amplitude of intracranial pulse wave was increased. From the above results, it was suggested that intracranial presssure and amplitude of intracranial pulse wave were increased significantly by inhibiting respiratory center and thereby dilatating cerebral blood vessels with intravenous ethanol administration.

1990년대 간경변증의 원인, 합병증, 사망원인의 변화에 관한 고찰

김병호,김경진,김효종,장린,이정일,동석호,이동근,한요셉,장영운,백일현 대한간학회 2000 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.6 No.3

$quot;목적: 우리나라에서 간경변증의 가장 중요한 원인은 B형 간염이지만 최근 C형 간염에 의한 경우가 늘고 있으며, 알코올성 간경변증은 드문 것으로 알려져 있으나 음주 인구 및 음주량의 증가로 빈도가 증가되었을 것으로 추측된다. 또한 진단 기술의 발달, 정맥류 출혈 치료의 발전, 간세포암의 조기진단 및 치료법의 발달로 간경변의 진단 시기 및 사망원인 등에도 변화가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 이에 연자 등은 C형 간염 진단이 가능하게 된 1991년 이후의 환자를 대상으로 간경변증의 원인, 진단 시기, 합병증 및 사망원인의 변화 등을 조사하여 비교, 분석하였다. 대상과 방법: 1991년부터 1998년까지 경희대학교 병원에 입원하여 간경변증으로 진단된 1157명의 환자를 대상으로 원인, 합병증의 발생빈도, 사망원인에 대하여 병력기록을 후향적으로 분석하였으며, 이들 결과를 전ㆍ후반기로 나누어 비교하였다. 결과: 간경변증 환자 1157명 중 남자가 848명(73.3%)으로 많았으며, 전ㆍ후반기의 차이는 없었다. 환자의 연령은 전반기 51.4±11.1세, 후반기 51.2±11.2세로 차이가 없었으며, B형 간염이나 알코올에 의한 경우도 유사한 양상이었다. 그러나 C형 간염에 의한 경우는 약 10세 높은 연령), 알코올(12.7%, 20.0%), C형 간염(8.5%, 17.5%) 순으로 후반기에 알코올이나 C형 간염에 의한 경우가 증가하였으나 통계학적 차이는 없었다. 사망환자 249명의 원인 분석에서 전ㆍ후반기 모두 간부전(38.7%, 40.2%)이 가장 많았고, 그 이외 전반기는 정맥류 출혈(20.0%), 간암(18.7%), 간신증후군 순(11.3%)이었고 후반기는 간신증후군(19.2%), 정맥류 출혈(16.2%), 간암(11.2%) 순으로 간신증후군은 증가하고 정맥류출혈은 감소하는 경향이었으나 통계학적 차이는 없었다. 결론: 1990년대 간경변증의 원인은 과거와 마찬가지로 B형 바이러스 감염이 가장 많았지만, 알코올성 간경변증의 빈도가 약 30%로 과거에 비하여 증가한 것으로 생각되었다. C형 간염바이러스 감염에 의한 경우는 빈도의 변화 없이 약 10세 높은 연령에서 진단되었다. 간경변증의 진단은 점차 간경변 초기에 진단되는 경우가 증가하였다. 간경변증의 사망원인 중 정맥류 출혈은 점차 감소한 반면 간경변증 말기에 나타나는 간신증후군에 의한 경우가 증가하는 경향을 보였다$quot;. $quot;Background: Alcoholic liver disease has increased. The causes of death in liver cirrhosis have changed. The author tried to categorize the etiology and complications of liver cirrhosis and analyze the causes of death in the 1990s. Method: The author retrospectively reviewed medical records of 1,175 patients diagnosed as having liver cirrhosis at Kyung Hee University Hospital from January 1991 through December 1998. The etiology, complications and the cause of death were compared between the early (1991-1994) and the late (1995-1998) periods. Results: The proportion of male patients (73.3%) was still about 3 times that of female patients. There was no difference in age at the time of diagnosis between early and late periods (51.4 11.1 and 51.2 11.2 years respectively). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was still the most common cause of liver cirrhosis (57.0%) and alcohol was the next (31.1%). The complications of liver cirrhosis at the time of diagnosis were, in order: esophageal varices, ascites, and variceal bleeding. But there was no significant difference between the periods. The proportion of Child grade B was the most common at the time of diagnosis in both periods, but Child grade A increased in the late period. The most common cause of death was liver failure and the next cause was variceal bleeding in the early period. Hepatorenal syndrome was the second most common cause in the late period. Conclusion: There was no change in the etiology between early and late periods. HBV infection was still the most common etiology but the incidence of alcoholic liver cirrhosis might have increased in the 1990s. The proportion of the Child B at initial diagnosis was the highest (around 50%) but that of Child A increased in the late period. Among the causes of death, liver failure and hepatorenal syndrome had a tendency to increase in the late period$quot;.

가속열화를 고려한 에어컨 블레이드의 기계적 특성 평가

석창성(Chang-sung Seok),최정훈(Jung-Hoon Choi),김형익(Hyung-Ick Kim),김종학(Jong-Hak Kim),유승훈(Seung-Hun Yu) 대한기계학회 2006 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2006 No.11

It has been known that engineering plastics including ABS and HIPS resin for Air-conditioner's blade are very sensitive to the temperature changes. Therefore, in this paper we investigated the effect of temperature by tensile test and the degradation of air-conditioner's blade by the twisting fracture test.

Bone Marrow T Cells are Superior to Splenic T Cells to Induce Chimeric Conversion After Non-Myeloablative Bone Marrow Transplantation

( Hyun Sil Park ),( Seok Goo Cho ),( Min Jung Park ),( So Youn Min ),( Hong Seok Chang ),( Hee Je Kim ),( Seok Lee ),( Chang Ki Min ),( Jong Wook Lee ),( Woo Sung Min ),( Chun Choo Kim ),( Ho Youn Kim 대한내과학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.24 No.3

Background/Aims: The bone marrow functions not only as the primary B-lymphocyte-producing organ but also as a secondary lymphoid organ for CD4 and CD8 cell responses and a site of preferential homing and persistence for memory T cells. Bone marrow T (BM-T) cells are distinguished from peripheral blood T cells by surface phenotype, cytokine secretion profile, and immune functions. In this study, we evaluated the alloreactive potential of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) using BM-T cells in mixed chimerism compared to that using spleen T (SP-T) cells. Methods: Cells were prepared using established procedures. BM-T cells were obtained as a by-product of T-cell depletion in BM grafting and then cryopreserved for subsequent DLI. We performed DLI using BM-T cells in allogeneic mixed chimera mice on post-BMT day 21. Results: When the same dose of T cells, 5-10×105 (Thy1.2+), fractionated from BM and spleen were administered into mixed chimeras, the BM-T group showed complete chimeric conversion, with self-limited graftversus-host disease (GVHD) and no pathological changes. However, the SP-T group showed persistent mixed chimerism, with pathological signs of GVHD in the liver and intestine. Conclusions: Our results suggest that DLI using BM-T cells, even in small numbers, is more potent at inducing chimeric conversion in mixed chimerism than DLI using SP-T cells. Further study is needed to determine whether cryopreserved BM-T cells are an effective cell source for DLI to consolidate donor-dominant chimerism in clinical practice without concerns about GVHD. (Korean J Intern Med 2009;24:252-262)

SV40 T 항원의 온도조건부 변이형 유전자가 포함된 Amphotropic Retrovirus 에 의한 사람 태아 간세포의 불멸화

이정일(Joung Il Lee),동석호(Seok Ho Dong),김효종(Hyo Jong Kim),김병호(Byung Ho Kim),장영운(Young Woon Chang),장린(Rin Chang),성세라(Se Ra Seong),박재경(Jae Kyung Park),김승보(Seung Bo Kim),이상목(Sang Mok Lee) 대한내과학회 1999 대한내과학회지 Vol.57 No.1

N/A Human cells are almost never spontaneously immortalized in vitro. We tried to immortalize human fetal hepatocytes (h-FH) and evaluate the differentiational status and its change. Methods : Hepatocytes were isolated from a liver fragment of 20 week old fetus and infected with amphotropic recombinant retrovirus containing a temperature- sensitive mutant of SV40 large T antigen and neomycin phosphotransferase gene. G418 resistant colonies were cloned and expanded. The cells which were able to divide more than 30 times were used to analyze various functions. Results : The immortalization rate was 3.3 x 10-8 and two cell lines (C11, D21) were established. C11-60, C11-80, D21-30 and D21-60 (suffix number means the cell division counts) were evaluated. D21-30 was thougt to be imcompletely immortalized because a considerable portion of cells died during culture. The morphology was similar to that of epithelial cells except for D21-30 which looked like fibroblast. The cells grew rapidly at 33oC but stopped growing at 39oC. T antigen and p53 was expressed at 33oC but disappeared at 39oC, which suggest that T antigen binds to p53. Chromosomal changes were so marked that it was impossible to discriminate exact number. Albumin was secreted as about 1/10 as that of h-FH, but alpha-fetoprotein secretion stopped after immortalization. Telomerase was activated in both cell lines except for the incompletely immortalized cells D21-30. Telomere was elongated in competely immortalized cell lines, but it was rather shortened in D21-30 compared to that of h-FH. Macroscopic colonies did not develop in soft agar assay. Conclusions : We successfully immortalized human fetal hepatocytes. Although the cells are not likely to have oncogenicity, the functions are not so good, possibly due to marked chromosomal changes which are thought to occur before telomerase is activated during immortalization step.

가토 경부 미주신경의 전기 자극에 의한 맥박 및 혈압 변동에 관한 연구 : 특히 좌·우측 미주신경의 차이점을 중심으로 Special Reference to Difference between Right and Left Vagus

장석종 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1977 충남의대잡지 Vol.4 No.2

This investigation was undertaken to differentiate the vagal effects between right and left vagus on heart rate and blood pressure in rabbit. Electrical stimulation was applied on the vagi in cervical region to peripheral and cranial end before or after cutting the vagi. The heart rate and blood pressure change were recorded and analized. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. Right vagal efferent fiber stimulation inhibited the cardiac function more significantly than the left. 2. In the vagal afferent fiber stimulation, there were no difference between the right and left on blood pressure and heart rate. In the above results, right vagal efferent fiber to the heart may be dominant than left vagus in rabbit.