ANALYSIS OF BODY MEASUREMENT ERROR ABOUT 3D SCAN DATA FOR ELDERLY

Jinhee Park,Juwon Chung,Yu Hwa Hong,Yun Ja Nam 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06

Measuring body size with a 3D scanner can reduce inter-measurer variability and provide better accuracy compared to using a traditional methods of measurement (Park, Nam, & Park, 2009). Many size measurement projects (or studies) that measure body size established a size measurement method prior to the development of a 3D scanner and automatic size measurement programs that produce 3D virtual body size measurements (Park, &Nam, 2012). Size data measured through an automatic size measurement program are more accurate and have a lower variability that is more appropriate for body measurements (Han, & Nam, 2004; Nam, Choi, Jung, & Yun, 2004). However, this method is limited to healthy subjects who can maintain a correct posture in a 3D scanner. It is difficult for the elderly to maintain the correct posture for body measurements in ‘Basic Human Body Measurements for Technological Design’ of ISO 7250(1997). Body measurement definitions are based on vertical and horizontal directions consequently, it is hard to measure those with a bent body type even if they stand in a correct posture. Most body measurement items are automatically measured in vertical and horizontal directions because current automatic size measurement programs utilize algorithms based on typical body measurement definitions. The size measurement method based on a vertical and horizontal directions tends to have a problem for elderly individuals with a bent body type who have difficulty maintaining a correct posture for 3D scanning as defined in ISO 7250(1997)(Ashdown, & Na, 2008).This study analyzes the problem of present auto-measurement programs that use elderly’s 3D body scan data. We conducted a comparative analysis of elderly’s body sizes using an auto-measurement program from virtual 3D body scan data and direct measurement with traditional measurement methods. We establish 34 typical body size measurements for the use of data from 464 males and 472 females (total 936) between the ages of 70 to 85. For error analysis, data separated to normal values and outliers compared with ISO 20655(2003). ISO 20685 defines the accuracy of extracted measurements by classification and measurement type (segment lengths, body height/breaths/depth, large/small circumferences, and head/hand/foot dimensions). The majority of outliers for the male and female body height type was “height”. Total number of persons with outliers for Height’s data was 603; consequently, 64.4% of subjects (elderly group of 70-85 yrs.) could not maintain a correct posture when scanning. Other data also had many errors from inaccurate measurement postures. A total of 72.3% of males and 70% of females have incorrect values in small circumferences. The segment lengths’ error data was 76.5% of males and 75% of females; in addition, the head dimension’ outliers were 87% for both male and female subjects. Especially 57.46% of males had incorrect data, while 74.67% of females had a type of large circumference. Female chest circumference had significant errors due to sagging breasts. The differences identify with a correlation between type of large circumference (chest, hip, under bust, waist, waist of omphalion) and gender. There were several correlations between the many measurement errors because values over 70% of data have outliers; however, each measurement type has properties in regards to correlation. A substantial positive correlation was found between all measurements (except hip circumference) in the type of large circumference; in addition, one-way ANOVA indicated that the measurements influenced height and were statistically significant. Outliers found in height data for the elderly’s were more likely to have errors in the type of large circumference. The type of body height indicated a strong correlation and statistical significance between the axilla height and other measurements (height, waist, crotch, lateral malleolus). Axilla height with more outliers indicated that other type of body height measurements had a higher potential for errors. The posture for body measurement was standardized as standing erect; however, this study indicated that many measurement errors were possible between using an auto-measurement program and direct measurement. The value of outlier about a particular measurement item can expect increased errors about any group (height: large circumference group/ axilla height: body height group). We have to study the relation in measurements in these types ‘large circumference’ because ‘head dimensions’ types correlate between measurements in each group. We need a more detailed analysis about outliers to find the major factors for measurement errors in regards to the elderly as well as discuss the possibility of ISO measurement-standard’s application for the elderly.

Eating habits and health-related life habits according to obesity degree by body mass index among university students in Jeonnam area

JinHee Nam,Kyunghee Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2013 No.11

Effects of All-Out Exercise as Physical Stress on Cortisol Changes in Male Modern Dancer

Jinhee Nam 국제동북아시아학회 2004 Journal of Northeast Asian Studies Vol.1 No.1

Dietary Habits and Consumption Patterns of Convenience Foods of University Students

JinHee Nam,Kyunghee Kim 한국식품영양학회 2013 한국식품영양학회 학술대회논문집(학술심포지움) Vol.2013 No.06

당기기 시험을 통한 능동 자기베어링의 중심 오차 추정

남성규(Sunggyu Nam),노명규(Myounggyu Noh),박영우(Young-Woo Park),이남수(Nam Soo Lee),정진희(Jinhee Jeong) 대한기계학회 2017 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.41 No.2

자기베어링이 장착된 고속 회전기계의 상용화 관점에서 볼 때, 반경방향 자기베어링의 기계적중심과 자기적 중심 간의 중심 오차를 관리하고 대응하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 중심 오차를 측정하는 기존의 방법은 부상 제어기에서 제어 명령의 불균형을 최소화하는 자기적 중심 위치를 실험적으로 찾는 것인데, 이는 조립 단계에서 사용할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 회전축의 위치를 측정하는 변위센서와 베어링 코일에 전류를 공급하는 전원만으로 중심 오차를 추정할 수 있는 새로운 방법을 제시한다. 회전축의 위치와 코일 전류에 따른 자기력 모델을 기반으로 당기기 시험에서의 접촉각과 중심 오차 간의 관계를 정립하고, 시험을 통해 측정한 접촉각과 모델 기반 접촉력 각도 간의 차이를 최소화함으로써 중심 오차를 추정한다. 유한요소해석을 이용하여 방법을 수치적으로 검증하고, 실험을 통해 추정 방법의 가능성을 확인하였다. From the perspective of commercializing rotating machines equipped with magnetic bearings, maintaining the error between the mechanical center and the magnetic center within an acceptable level is crucial. The existing method of measuring the center error is to adjust the position references that minimize the current imbalance present in levitation control outputs. However, this method can be applied only after all the components of the system are operational. In this paper, we present a new method of estimating the center error by using only the position sensors and a current source. A force model that relates the position of the rotor with the coil currents is set up. Using this model, the center error is estimated by minimizing the difference between the force angles and the contact angles measured in a pull test. The feasibility of the method is numerically and experimentally validated.

골절 방지 보호복 개발을 위한 인체의 유한요소 모델링과 충격 시뮬레이션

Jinhee Park,Yun-Ja Nam 대한인간공학회 2017 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.11

Objective: This study identifies characteristics and accurate location of falls and fracture that are applicable to protective clothing patterns, in terms protective clothing development. Background: The research also aims to devise a three-dimensional simulation method by using the Finite Element Model(FEM), in order to substitute the Falling Impact Experiment that uses actual human body as experimental subjects. Method: Targeting the right side of the body from the waist to knee, the Finite Element Modeling for impact simulation consists of eight solid-type skeletal frames, two cartlages, and one soft tissue. All constitutive models are tighly combined in structure without any interference or gaps in between one another. After setting contact information and physical properties, the Finite Element Model, composed of 2.2 million nodes and 1.2 million elements, was developed by applying Fine-sized Tetra mesh. The Finite Element Model is used in the simluation of giving impact to various external parts of human body with point-typed force, and comparing the level of stress given on the intertrochanteric hip joint and the neck. Results: Simulation results show that when it comes to the back and front of the human body, the pelvis, hipbone, central parts of femur are shocked with stress more severely than the intertrochanteric hip joint and the neck. The greatest stress on the intertrochanteric hip joint and the neck was found to be given on the central parts of femur and the hip joint on the side parts of the human body. Conclusion: Likewise, hip joint protective equipments were found to work better when located at the side parts of the hip joint, as similar results were shown in previous studies. However, it is also discovered that the accruate positions on the pattern can be located on the side area between the hip circumference and the horizontal buttocks circumference. In addition, the protection area is found to be wider and protecting the side parts of the central femur is also found to be necessary for pads designed for lower bone density compared to those for normal bone density. Application: The contribution of this study is that it introduces a new virtual experiment for development of functional clothing for preventing fracture using virtual human body, going beyond the research phase of three-dimensional automatic measurement and information analysis on form and size.

Chemopreventive Effect of Cactus Extracts: Radical Scavenging Activity, Pro-apoptotic and Anti-inflammatory Effect against Cancer Cell

Jinhee Kim,Sang-Yong Nam,Young-Hee Choi 한국원예학회 2012 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2012 No.10

Correlation-based perfusion mapping using time-resolved MR angiography: A feasibility study for patients with suspicions of steno-occlusive craniocervical arteries

Nam, Yoonho,Jang, Jinhee,Park, Sonya Youngju,Choi, Hyun Seok,Jung, So-Lyung,Ahn, Kook-Jin,Kim, Bum-soo Springer-Verlag 2018 EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY Vol.28 No.11

Potential Chemopreventive Effect of Bioactives from Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) Stem

Jinhee Kim1,Young Hee Choi,Sang-Yong Nam 한국원예학회 2013 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2013 No.5

트레드밀 트레이닝이 비만 쥐의 neurotrophins와 초기발현 단백질에 미치는 영향

Jinhee Woo(우진희),Ki Ok Shin(신기옥),Nam Heoh Yeo(여남회),So Young Park(박소영),Sunghwun Kang(강성훈) 한국생명과학회 2011 생명과학회지 Vol.21 No.7

본 연구는 고지방식이로 인한 비만으로 불균형된 지질구성과 산화적 손상이 신경세포형성과 초기발현단백질에 미치는 생물학적 영향을 알아보고, 규칙적인 운동의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 실험동물은 4주령 SD rat 수컷 30마리를 1주간의 적응기간을 둔 뒤, 15주간 고지방식이를 통해 비만으로 유도하였으며, high fat diet sedentary (HDS, n=15)와 high fat diet and training (HDT, n=15)으로 분류하여 연구하였다. 운동강도는 1~4주는 저강도, 5~8주는 중강도로 주5회 실시하였다. 8주 트레이닝 후 혈청지질, 8-OHdG, MDA, neurotrophic factor, 그리고 IEG를 분석하였다. 그 결과 TC와 TG에서 HDS와 HDT 사이 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05). 8-OHdG에서 HDT는 트레드밀 트레이닝 후에 HDS보다 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 해마에서 c-jun, BDNF 그리고 간에서 MDA의 단백질 발현은 HDT가 트레드밀 트레이닝 후 HDS보다 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 8주간 트레드밀 훈련은 고지방식이 비만 유도 쥐의 혈청지질 성분의 불균형을 개선시키고, 조직과 혈청의 산화적 손상과 DNA 손상을 완화시켜 주어, 비만으로 인한 합병증 예방에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 또한 NT의 발현을 증가시킴으로써 손상된 뇌기능과 신경세포의 생성 기전 활동에 긍정적 영향을 나타냄으로써 공간적 학습기능의 향상을 가져온 것으로 판단된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological effect of obesity-induced oxidative damage on neurogenesis and early protein expression. Obesity was induced I thirty 4-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats through a high fat diet for 15 weeks. After one week of environmental adaptation, the rats were divided into 2 groups: high fat diet sedentary group (HDS, n=15) and high fat diet training group (HDT, n=15). Exercise training was performed 5 times a week for 8 weeks, with mild-intensity treadmill running for weeks 1-4 and moderate-intensity treadmill running for weeks 5-8. After the 8 week training period, we analyzed lipid profiles, serum 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG), liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) related to oxidative damage factors, nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), c-fos, c-jun, and extracellular signal regulated kinase (Erk) in the hippocampus. The results of this study are as follows. There were differences between HDS and HDT in triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) (p<0.05). In high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), the HDT was higher than HDS after treadmill training (p<0.05). In 8-OHdG, the HDT was lower than HDS after treadmill training (p<0.05). Genetic expressions of c-jun, BDNF and MDA in the HDT were higher than in the HDS after treadmill training in hippocampus (p<0.05). Therefore, we conclude that 8 weeks of treadmill training can improve imbalanced lipid profiles, reduce oxidative damage, and activate neurogenesis in obese rats.