영산 조용기 목사의 설교 신학 연구

조지훈 ( Cho Ji Hoon ) 한세대학교 영산신학연구소 2020 영산신학저널 Vol.0 No.51

설교 신학이란 설교의 3요소라고 할 수 있는 성경, 설교자, 청중과 관련한 제반 요소들에 대한 신학적 이해이다. 영산 조용기 목사는 오중복음·삼중축복이라는 신학적 틀을 통해 자신의 설교 전반에 대한 신학적 이해를 가져왔다. 영산의 설교 신학은 다음과 같은 특징을 갖는다. 첫째, 영산에게 설교란 지금 이곳에서 역사하시는 성삼위 하나님의 사역이며, 복음은 지금 이곳에서 드러나는 하나님의 능력이며, 성경은 지금 이곳에서 역사하시는 하나님의 말씀이다. 그런 의미에서 영산의 설교 신학에서 ‘현재성’이라는 개념은 매우 중요하다. 둘째, 영산은 설교자란 하나님으로부터 부르심을 받은 소명자여야 하며 굳건한 믿음의 소유자이다. 셋째, 영산은 설교를 듣는 청중들을 타락했지만 복음을 통해 구원받은 자이며 구원 이후에 하나님의 축복을 받아 누리는 자들로 이해한다. 넷째, 영산에게 설교의 현장은 언제나 하나님의 신유가 일어나는 기적의 장소이다. A theology of preaching is a theological understanding of three homiletical components such as the Bible, preacher, and audience and things that are related to those three. Youngsan Yonggi Cho has his own theology of preaching based on his theological frame, Fivefold Gospel and Threefold Blessing. His theology of preaching has some characteristics: First, for Youngsan, preaching is a ministry of God who works here and now, the gospel is the power of God that is manifested here and now, and the Bible is the Word of God that does miracles here and now. In that sense, ‘nowness’ is quite significant concept for Youngsan’s theology of preaching. Second, Youngsan thinks a preacher is one who has been called by God and should have steadfast faith. Third, Youngsan considers his audience not only as the fallen but also as the saved and the blessed. Fourth, Youngsan underlines the power of words so that preachers should use positive words and gospel words. Finally, for Youngsan, the place preaching occurs is the place where God’s healing miracles take place.

딥러닝을 이용한 한반도 주변 파랑예측

문종윤(Jongyoon Mun),조완희(Wanhee Cho),성보람(Boram Seong),한수만(Sooman Han),최진휴(Jinhyu Choi) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2021 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.5

본 연구는 한반도 주변의 기상정보로 파랑을 예측하고 CCTV 영상에서 월파를 감지하는 기술을 개발하였다. 성능의 우수성이 널리 알려진 인공신경망(Artificial Neural Network, ANN)의 한 종류인 합성곱신경망(Convolutional Neural Network, CNN)을 사용하여 파랑예측과 월파감지 모델을 구축하였다. 파랑예측에 사용된 CNN모델은 U-net을 기반으로 구축하였으며 월파감지에 사용된 CNN모델은 객체 검출 모델을 사용하였다. 파랑예측 모델의 입력 자료는 일본 기상청(Japan Meteorological Agency, JMA)의 대기 예측정보인 MSM(Meso Scale Model)을 사용하였다. 합성곱신경망 파랑예측 모델의 학습데이터는 ADSWAN(ADCIRC + SWAN) 파랑모의 결과의 위도 30˚ ∼42.75˚, 경도 122.5˚∼135.25˚영역을 사용하였으며 격자 간격은 0.05˚로 설정하였다. 파랑 예측 모델의 정확도 향상을 위해 기존 U-net 구조의 인코더와 디코더 레이어의 깊이를 7층으로 확장하여 사용하였다. 상관성 분석 결과, 파고와 주기는 각각 풍속과 파고에 상관성이 높게 나타나 바람장 정보로부터 유의파고를 예측하고 예측된 유의파고로부터 주기를 예측하는 두 단계의 예측 모델을 구성하였다. 예측 결과에서 ADSWAN 파랑모의와의 상관성은 0.93, 관측치와의 상관성은 0.83으로 분석되었고 1시간 예측에 약 0.024초가 소요되었다. 월파감지 모델의 학습데이터는 삼척과 주문진의 CCTV 1년 1개월 분량의 영상(2018.10.01. ∼ 2019.10.31.)에서 월파가 발생한 프레임을 수동으로 추출하여 약 2만장의 데이터를 구축하였다. 월파의 기준은 탐지된 파도 영역이 난간을 넘는 것으로 설정하였으며, 난간을 넘지 않는 파도를 구분하기 위해 배경과 파도를 분리하고 난간 구역과 비교하여 여과하는 알고리즘을 구축하였다. 또한, 해수면과 분리된 파도 영역을 비교하여 실제 처오름높이를 산정하였으며, 월파감지의 정확도 분석 결과 mAP₅₀은 0.60, 속도는 80.5fps로 나타났다. In this study, we developed a technology to predict wave using atmospheric modeling data around the Korean Peninsula and to detect wave overtopping using CCTV images. For the development, we adopted Convolutional Neural Network(CNN), a kind of Artificial Neural Network(ANN) known for its high performance. Wave prediction model is based on U-net, whereas overtopping detection model makes use of object detection models. Input data for the wave prediction model is MSM (Mesoscale Model) atmospheric forecasting data from the Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA). The training data for wave prediction model is ADSWAN(ADCIRC+SWAN) wave simulation results, whose spatial extension is 122.50°E 135.25°E, 30.00°N∼42.75°N with resolution of 0.05°. In order to improve the accuracy of wave prediction model, we extend the depth of the encoder and decoder layers from the U-net structure to the seventh layers. Correlation analysis shows that wave heights are highly correlated with wind speeds while wave periods are with wave heights. Thus, we constructed a two-step model that predicts wave heights from the former and wave periods from the latter. In our prediction results, correlations with ADSWAN wave simulation results and observation were found to be 0.93 and 0.83 respectively. The 1-hour prediction took about 0.024 seconds. The training data for overtopping detection model is around 20,000 frames manually extracted from one year-long CCTV video images (2018.10.01. ∼ 2019.10.31.) from Samcheok and Jumunjin. We defined wave over the fence as a overtopping event, and developed a filtering algorithm to separate the background from the wave by comparing regions. Furthermore, we estimated wave run-up height from the separated wave regions and preformed the accuracy analysis, mAP₅₀ being 0.60 and the processing speed being 80.5fps.

기-액병류상향 충전탑에서 액체체류량과 축방향혼합특성

조지훈,손민일,박용성,함병호,김태옥 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1993 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.-

For upward cocurrent gas-liquid flow in a packed column, holdup and axial mixing characteristics of liquid were investigated. In an air-water-glass bead system. liquid holdup and residence time distribution(RTD) were measured and Peclet number based on axial dispersion model was evaluated from experimental RTD. We found that liquid holdup was increased with increasing liquid velocity and size of packing material, and it was decreased with increasing gas velocity. Also, liquid holdup for the cocurrent up flow system was larger than that for the downflow system at the same experimental conditions. As increasing gas velocity, the in fluence of packing size and operation method on liquid holdup was reduced. The calculated Peclet number was not affected by gas velocity, and it was increased with increasing liquid velocity and with decreasing packing size. Furthermore, the effect of liquid velocity on Petlet number for higher liquid Reynolds number(Re1>70) was larger than that for lower Re1. In these conditions, correlations of the dynamic liquid holdup and the Bodenstein number were obtained.

환상기포탑에서의 기체체류량 및 액체의 축방향혼합특성

조지훈,김태옥 명지대학교 대학원 1989 明知大學校開校四十周年記念論文集 Vol.1989 No.-

Gas hold-up and axial mixing characteristics of liquid were investigated in an annular bubble column with a gas-liquid simultaneous injection nozzle as a gas distributor. Gas hold-up was measured by manometric method and longitudinal dispersion coefficient of liquid phase was determined by longitudinal tracer concentration distribution at steady-state and residence time distribution. For the lower liquid velocity, experimental results showed that gas hold-up increased with increasing gas and liquid velocity, and it decreased with increasing diameter of inner tube. For the higher liquid velocity, however, small bubbles were uniformly dispersed and gas hold-up was not affected by liquid velocity and size of inner tube. Also, the mixing characteristics of liquid was identical in all section of column under the experimental conditions, and longitudinal dispersion coefficient of liquid phase decreased with increasing liquid velocity. Furthermore, the effects of gas velocity on longitudinal dispersion coefficient for higher liquid velocity was larger than that for lower liquid velocity. And, longitudinal dispersion coefficient increased with increasing diameter of inner tube for transition flow regime, by contrast, it was not affected by diameter of inner tube and liquid velocity for higher liquid velocity. For given gas and liquid velocity, the annular bubble column gave significantly higher gas hold-up and extent of axial liquid mixing than a cylindrical column of equivalent crossectional area, because of wall effect of concentrically located inner tube.

점적상에서의 수력학 특성

조지훈,성기천,함병호,김태옥 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1991 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.10 No.-

Hydrodynamics was investigated in a trickle bed with spherical particles. Flow transition boundary, pressure drop, and liquid holdup were measured and analyzed in an air-water system. The results showed that liquid velocity at trickle-pulse transition boundary increased with increasing packing size and it decreased with increasing gas velocity, and that the theoretical model proposed was well applicable to predicted flow transition boundary. In the same operation conditions, flow characteristics was changed with operation mode because of liquid closslinking. Therefore, as the maximum gas velocity increased, pressure drop increased. Also, pressure drop increased with increasing fluid velocity and it increased with decreasing packing size, and the effect of gas velocity on pressure drop for higher liquid velocity was less than that for lower liquid velocity. Liquid holdup increased with increasing liquid velocity and it decreased with increasing packing size, and the influence of gas velocity on liquid holdup for pulse flow regime had larger than that for trickie flow regime. By contrast, the influence of packing size on liquid holdup for pulse flow regime had less that for trickle flow regime. In this conditions, correlations of pressure drop and liquid holdup were proposed in terms of Reynolds numbers of total fluids and liquid phase.

척추 마취에서 소용량 Bupivacaine-Fentanyl 과 상용용량 Bupivacaine 의 비교

조영훈,이상곤,민병우,이지향,반종석 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Comparison of Small Dose Bupivacaine-Fentanyl with Conventional Dose Bupivacaine during Spinal Anesthesia Young-Hoon Cho, M.D., Ji-Hyang Lee, M.D., Sang-Gon Lee, M.D. Jong-Suk Ban, M.D., and Byung-Woo Min, M.D. Department of Anesthesiology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea Background: Although spinal anesthesia has a lot of advantages, it has some disadvantages or undesirable effects. Hypotension and unnecessarily long neural blockade are included among them. Although using small dose local anesthetics fairly solves these problems, it is insufficient to provide reliable surgical anesthesia by itself. Therefore the authors investigated whether such an opioid as fentanyl and small dose local anesthetic used together during spinal anesthesia can prevent hypotension and unnecessarily long neural blockade and provide reliable surgical anesthesia simultaneously. Methods: Thirty patients undergoing knee or below knee surgery were randomized into two groups. Group 1 received bupivacaine 5 mg combined with fentanyl 20 ㎍, and group 2 receive 10 mg bupivacaine. Hypotension was recorded and was treated with intravenous ephedrine. Sensory blockade, intraoperative analgesia, motor blockade and side effects were assessed. Results: NO significant differences were observed in values for assessing hypotension, sensory block-ade or intraoperative analgesia between the two groups. Also no significant differences were observed in intensity of the motor blockade and side effects between the two groups. However the duration of the motor blockade of group 1 was longer significantly than that of group 2. Conclusions: Small dose bupivacaine and fentanyl administered together intrathecally reduced duration of motor blockade and didn't augment of side effects and provided reliable anesthesia for surgery of knee or below knee simultaneously. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 423~427)

하악골에 발생된 Low grade 골육종:증례보고

조현이,정종철,김호성,최재욱,성대경,서지훈,김성범,이계혁 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.1

Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor arising most often in the long bone, but rare in jaw bone. Especially osteogenic sarcoma of the mandible is a rare tumor, comprising less than 0.5% of all head and neck tumors. Osteosarcoma occurs cheifly in young persons, and presenting very survival rates. Histopathologically this tumor can be classified three types, osteoblastic, fibroblastic, chondroblastic and classified from low grade to high grade by anaplasia or mitosis of the tumor cells. Sometimes, the exact diagnosis of osteosarcoma is difficult especially in low grade osteosarcoma, even if clinical or radiographical findings suggest to osteosarcoma. So suspcious to malignant bone tumor in clinical or radiological findings, biopsy should be taked from deep portion and multiple area, and sharing the patient history and radiographs with pathologist will assist in the development of the diagnosis. We report a case of low grade osteosarcoma on the mandible initially difficulty in accurate diagnosis. The patient visited our hospital for routine dental treatment but radiographic findings displayed ill-defined radiolucency with osteoid formation on the mandible. Final diagnosis was difficulty in initial biopsy but subsequent biopsy taked from deep portion presented infiltrative growth and mitosis of the tumor cell in some area with small osteoid bone formation, so we could reach final diagnosis as low grade sarcoma. We treated this patient with bloc resection of the mandible and immediate reconstruction with iliac corticocancellous block.

상아질 접착제의 중합 시간 조절에 따른 복합레진의 중합 수축 방향의 변화

배지현,오명환,김창근,손호현,엄정문,조병훈,권혁춘 대한치과보존학회 2001 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.26 No.4

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adhesive curing timing on the direction of polymerization shrinkage of light-curing composite resin. In this study, the curing times of adhesive and composite resin were measured by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC). 28 extracted human molars were embedded in clear resin and box-type cavities were prepared. Based on DSC data. the experimental teeth were divided into 4 groups. Group 1: no bond: Group 2: late curing: Group 3: Intermediate curing: Group 4: Early curing. After treating with adhesive, the buccal cavities were filled with Z-100 hybrid composite resin and the lingual ones were filled with AEliteflo flowable composite resin. The depressions at the surface were measured by surface profilometer, then the specimens were embedded in clear resin and sectioned. Impressions were obtained and used to get epoxy resin replicas. The epoxy replicas were gold-coated and observed under SEM. Average Maximum Gap(AMG), Gap Proportion(GP), Average Marginal Index(AMI) were used to compare the shrinkage gap of each group. The results were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis One Way ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls method. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Average Maximum Gap. Gap Proportion, Average Marginal Index and depression at the surface of Z-100 hybride composite resin were smailer than those of AEliteflo flowable composite resin(P(0.05) 2. When the bonding between composite resin and tooth structure was strong, the shrinkage gap was small, and depression at the surface was deep(P<0.05). 3. In the well-bonded group. light-curing composite resin shrank toward bonded cavity wall. not toward light source. The result suggested that the direction of polumerization shrinkage was affected by the quality of bonding in the dentin-resin interface. The strong was the bonding between composite resin and tooth structure, the smaller was the gap and the deeper was the depression at the surface. Then the flow to compensate the polymerization shrinkage proceeded from surface to bonded cavity wall.

응축형 복합레진의 기계적 성질에 관한 비교연구

정지아,문주훈,고영곤 대한치과보존학회 2001 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.26 No.6

The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of three condensable composite resins and one hybrid composite resin. The compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, Vicker's microhardness were tested for mechanical properties of condensable composite resins (SureFil, Ariston pHc, Synergy compact), and hybrid composite resin (Z 100). The tested materials were divided into four groups : control group - Z 100 (3M Co, USA), experimental group I- Ariston pHc, (Vivadent, Co., Liechtenstein) , experimental group II - SureFil (Dentsply, Co., U.S.A.) , experimental group III- Synergy Compact (Coltene, Co., Swiss) . According to the above classification, we made samples of SureFil, Ariston pHc, Synergy Compact, Z 100 with separable cylindrical metal mold. And then, we measured and compared the value of compressive strength, diametral tensile strength and Vicker's microhardness of each sample. The results were as follows : 1. In compressive strength, control group (Z 100) revealed the highest value (398.85±19.61MPa), and followed by SureFil (381.65±31.24MPa), Synergy compact (354.85±12.22MPa), Ariston pHc (308.60±36.88MPa). There were no significant differences between SureFil group and Z 100 group, whereas there were significant differences between SureFil group and Ariston pHc group (P<0.05) . 2. In diametral tensile strength, Synergy compact revealed the highest value (86.54±3.44MPa) and followed by SureFil (84.54±3.53MPa), Z100 (76.91±1.63MPa), Ariston pHc(60.34±6.95MPa). There were no significant differences between SureFil group and Synergy compact group 3. In microhardness, control group (Z 100)revealed the highest value (223.7 ±58.0Hv), and followed by SureFil (117.5±10.2Hv), Ariston pHc (116.2±11.9Hv), Synergy Compact (101.9±10.8Hv). There were no significant differences between Ariston pHc group and Synergy compact group Key words : Condensable composite resin, Compressive strength Diametral tensile strength, Vicker's microhardness

직접치수복조재에 따른 비글견 치수의 조직반응에 대한 연구

배지현,김영균,윤필영,조병훈,최용훈 大韓齒科保存學會 2010 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.35 No.1

본 연구에서는 인위적으로 노출시킨 비글견의 치수조직을 기존의 수산화칼슘제재와 MTA, 접착성 레진, 광중합형 수산화칼슘제재를 사용하여 직접치수복조한 후 각 재료에 따른 치수의 반응을 광학현미경 하에서 조직학적으로 관찰하여 비교분석하였다. 2마리 비글견의 36개 치아를 이용하여, 실험적으로 치수를 노출시키고 노출된 치수에 치수복조재를 적용한 후 와동은 복합레진으로 충전하여 직접치수복조술을 시행하였다: (1) Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA: ProRoot MTA, Dentsply, Tulsa, USA), (2) Clearfil SE Bond (Dentin adhesive system: Kuraray, Osaka, Japan), (3) Ultra-Blend (Photopolymerized Calcium hydroxide: Ultradent, South Jordan, USA), (4) Dycal (Quick setting Calcium hydroxide: LD Caulk Co., Milford, USA). 희생전 90일, 30일, 7일 전에 각 복조재별로 3개씩의 와동을 충전하였고 비글견을 희생시키고 조직시편을 제작하였다. 시편을 H&E 염색 후 광학 현미경으로 치수염증반응과 경조직 형성 정도를 관찰하였다. MTA 군은 초기에는 경조직 형성이 관찰되지 않고 치수조직의 위축과 부분괴사가 관찰되었으나 시간이 지나면서 경조직 형성이 관찰되었다. Clearfil SE Bond군은 초기에 염증세포의 침윤과 치수세포의 괴사를 관찰할 수 있었고 시간이 지날수록 치수 세포의 괴사가 더욱 진행한 양상을 보였다. Ultra-blend 군과 Dycal 군은 MTA 군과 비슷하게 초기에는 경조직 형성을 보이지 않고 중등도의 염증반응이 관찰되었으며 시간이 지나면서 경조직 형성이 관찰되었다. MTA, 수산화칼슘제재와 광중합 수산화칼슘제재는 초기의 치수염증반응 이후 조상아세포층, 상아질교 형성을 보여 직접치수복조재로 적당하였으며, 접착성 레진은 심한 염증반응과 치수 조직의 괴사 양상을 보여 직접치수복조재로 부적당하다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pulp tissue reaction to direct pulp capping of mechanically exposed beagle dogs' pulp with several capping materials. A total of 36 teeth of 2 healthy beagle dongs were used. The mechanically exposed pulps were capped with one of the followings: (1) Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA: ProRoot MTA. Dentsply, Tulsa, USA), (2) Clearfil SE Bond (Dentin adhesive system: Kuraray, Osaka, Japan), (3) Ultra-Blend (Photo-polymerized Calcium hydroxide: Ultradent, South Jordan, USA), (4) Dycal (Quick setting Calcium hydroxide: LD Caulk Co., Milford, USA) at 7, 30, and 90 days before sacrificing. The cavities were restored with Z350 flowable composite resin (3M ESPE, St. Paul. MN, USA). After the beagle dogs were sacrificed, the extracted teeth were fixed, decalcified, prepared for histological examination and stained with HE stain. The pulpal tissue responses to direct pulp capping materials were assessed. In MTA calcium hydroxide, and photo-polymerized calcium hydroxide groups, initial mild inflammatory cell infiltration, newly formed odontoblast-like cell layer and hard tissue bridge formation were observed. Compared with dentin adhesive system, these materials were biocompatible and good for pulp tissue regeneration. In dentin adhesive system group, severe inflammatory cell infiltration, pulp tissue degeneration and pulp tissue necrosis were observed. It seemed evident that application of dentin adhesive system in direct pulp capping of beagle dog teeth cannot lead to acceptable repair of the pulp tissue with dentine bridge formation.