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Overpromising Social Welfare Benefits? Electoral Competition and Welfare Politics in Taiwan
Jaemin Shim 동아시아연구원 2022 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.22 No.1
Drawing insights from legislative, electoral and welfare studies, the article investigates whether and to what extent electoral competition affects incumbent politicians’ overpromising of social welfare benefits. For this, Taiwan is chosen as the case and the article examines the fate of elite-level social welfare legislative proposals in the period between 1992 and 2016. Findings drawn from quantitative bill sponsorship patterns demonstrate that political elites tend to propose failure-prone social welfare bills during election periods. Moreover, this tendency grew even more clearly in tandem with the rising levels of electoral democracy. The article argues that the overpromising of social welfare benefits is likely due to cognitive biases on the voter side allowing politicians to make promises without necessarily facing the negative consequences of under-delivery. The article contributes to the comparative welfare state literature by adding much-needed nuance to the existing debates on the relationship between democratic deepening, electoral competition, and the development of welfare politics.
Male Pseudohermaphroditism Presented with Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Shim, Jaemin,Hwang, Hye Jin,Pak, Hui-Nam,Lee, Moon-Hyoung,Joung, Boyoung Yonsei University College of Medicine 2012 Yonsei medical journal Vol.53 No.3
<P>Torsades de Pointes is a life-threatening arrhythmia associated with a number of causes, but is very rare among endocrinologic disorders. We report a case of male pseudohermaphroditism with hyperaldosteronism due to a 17α-hydroxylase deficiency presented with sudden cardiac arrest.</P>
( Jaemin Shim ),( Young Keun On ),( Sun U. Kwon ),( Gi-byoung Nam ),( Moon-hyoung Lee ),( Hyung-wook Park ),( Keun-sik Hong ),( Nam-ho Kim ),( Pierre Amarenco ),( Seung-woon Rha ),( Dong-gu Shin ),( J 대한내과학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.36 No.4
Background/Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF)-related stroke accounts for 20% of ischemic strokes. Rivaroxaban use in AF patients for preventing stroke and systemic embolism was approved in 2013 in Korea. This study was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of rivaroxaban use in Korean patients with non-valvular AF in a real-world setting. Methods: This was an analysis of the Korean patients in Xarelto for Prevention of Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation in Asia-Pacific (XANAP), which was a prospective, observational cohort study including patients with non-valvular AF starting rivaroxaban treatment to prevent stroke or non-central nervous system systemic embolism (non-CNS SE), conducted in 10 Asian countries. Results: A total of 844 patients were enrolled in the Korean portion of the XANAP study. In XANAP Korea, the mean age was 70.1 years and 62.6% were males. The mean CHADS<sub>2</sub> score was 2.5 and the mean CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc score was 3.8. 47% of the patients had experienced prior stroke or non-CNS SE or transient ischemic attack. 73.6% of the patients had CHADS<sub>2</sub> score ≥ 2. Incidence proportions of 0.8% of the patients (1.1 per 100 patient-years) developed adjudicated treatment-emergent major bleeding. Death was observed in 1.2% of the patients. The incidence of non-major bleeding as well as thromboembolic event were 8.4% (11.6 per 100 patient-years) and 1.5% (2.0 per 100 patient-years), respectively. Conclusions: This study reaffirmed the consistent safety profile of rivaroxaban. We found consistent results with overall XANAP population for rivaroxaban in terms of safety in non-valvular AF patients for the prevention of stroke and non- CNS SE.
Jaemin Jung,Girim Park,Juyeol Oh,Jin-Kee Jung,Eun-Jo Shim,Sang-Min Chung,Gung-Pyo Lee,박영훈 한국원예학회 2020 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.61 No.3
Current nomenclature for the taxonomic classifi cation of melon cultivars ( Cucumis melo L.) at the horticultural group levelrelies on morphological variation in certain key characters. However, the reliability of current infraspecifi c classifi cationscheme in considering horticultural groups as botanical taxa was not fully understood. In the present study, the informationof horticultural group classifi cation in melon was assessed at the molecular level using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs). A total of 143 melon accessions of 15 horticultural groups in two subspecies, subsp. melo and subsp. agresti were collected and genotyped by using Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS). From the fi ltering of resultant sequencevariants, 10,949 SNPs were selected and used for downstream genetic analysis including population structure, principlecomponent analysis, and hierarchical clustering of 143 melon accessions. Our genetic analyses indicated that the distributionof accessions at the molecular level generally matched the subspecies classifi cation and no substantial contradictions existedbetween the division of accessions based on horticultural group information and genetic relatedness revealed by the GBS. However, the distinction between horticultural groups was not clear-cut, implying the limitation of considering horticulturalgroups as botanical taxa. To improve the resolution of horticultural group classifi cation in melon, our SNP data may be usefulas supporting information in conjunction with morphological characters.
Lee, Jaemin,Jung, Byung-Jun,Lee, Sang Kyu,Lee, Jeong-Ik,Cho, Hoon-Je,Shim, Hong-Ku Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2005 Journal of polymer science Part A, Polymer chemist Vol.43 No.9
<P>We report here the synthesis via Suzuki polymerization of two novel alternating polymers containing 9,9-dioctylfluorene and electron-withdrawing 4,4′-dihexyl-2,2′-bithiazole moieties, poly[(4,4′-dihexyl-2,2′-bithiazole-5,5′-diyl)-alt-(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl)] (PHBTzF) and poly[(5,5′-bis(2″-thienyl)-4,4′-dihexyl-2,2′-bithiazole-5″,5″-diyl)-alt-(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl)] (PTHBTzTF), and their application to electronic devices. The ultraviolet–visible absorption maxima of films of PHBTzF and PTHBTzTF were 413 and 471 nm, respectively, and the photoluminescence maxima were 513 and 590 nm, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry experiment showed an improvement in the n-doping stability of the polymers and a reduction of their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels as a result of bithiazole in the polymers' main chain. The highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels of the polymers were −5.85 eV for PHBTzF and −5.53 eV for PTHBTzTF. Conventional polymeric light-emitting-diode devices were fabricated in the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer/Ca/Al configuration [where ITO is indium tin oxide and PEDOT:PSS is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonic acid)] with the two polymers as emitting layers. The PHBTzF device exhibited a maximum luminance of 210 cd/m<SUP>2</SUP> and a turn-on voltage of 9.4 V, whereas the PTHBTzTF device exhibited a maximum luminance of 1840 cd/m<SUP>2</SUP> and a turn-on voltage of 5.4 V. In addition, a preliminary organic solar-cell device with the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/(PTHBTzTF + C<SUB>60</SUB>)/Ca/Al configuration (where C<SUB>60</SUB> is fullerene) was also fabricated. Under 100 mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP> of air mass 1.5 white-light illumination, the device produced an open-circuit voltage of 0.76 V and a short-circuit current of 1.70 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. The fill factor of the device was 0.40, and the power conversion efficiency was 0.52%. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1845–1857, 2005</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Two novel alternating polymers based on fluorene and electron-withdrawing bithiazole, poly[(4,4′-dihexyl-2,2′-bithiazole-5,5′-diyl)-alt-(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl)] (PHBTzF) and poly[(5,5′-bis(2″-thienyl)-4,4′-dihexyl-2,2′-bithiazole-5″,5″-diyl)-alt-(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl)] (PTHBTzTF), were synthesized by Suzuki polymerization. The physical and optical properties of the polymers were carefully characterized. The addition of bithiazole to the polymers' main chain not only reduced the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels of the polymers but also improved their n-doping stability. Polymeric light-emitting-diode devices and organic solar-cell devices with the polymers as active layers showed the potential of these kinds of materials for use in organic electronic devices. <img src='wiley_img/0887624X-2005-43-9-POLA20659-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/0887624X-2005-43-9-POLA20659-gra001'> </P>