Interplay of Regional Identity and Economic Development: Case of St. Petersburg, Russia

Irina 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 러시아연구소 2013 슬라브연구 Vol.29 No.1

The paper explores how regional identity is being increasingly used for purposes of economic development by way of a case study of the Russian city St. Petersburg. The imperative of finding its new place in the system of international relations in the wake of reconfiguration of Russia’s regional space after the breakup of the USSR urged St. Petersburg officials to reconstruct partially different components of its regional identity in order to foster economic development and strengthen status of the city both on international and domestic levels. This changing perception of regional identity can be seen as symptomatic and symbolic of a wave of ‘entrepreneurial regionalism’ that has been on the rise since 1970’s. In St. Petersburg,it is argued, reconstruction of regional identity is going on in spatial/geographical,cultural and industrial domains by changing traditional facets and at the same time creating new symbols. As such, new accents might not reflect authentic identity and in fact may be introduced with the purpose of creation of a different image with outsiders. At some point, this becomes highly controversial and leads to resource misallocation. Also, policies for economic development miss an important focus observed in regions internationally, the ‘informatization’ of identity and creation of a ‘learning type’ region.

Assessing the Effect of Trade and Geography on Regional Development in Russia Before and After the Crisis

Irina 한국슬라브․유라시아학회 2015 슬라브학보 Vol.30 No.3

В статье рассматриваются вопросы экономического развития российских регионов в период до и после кризиса 2008 г. Особое внимание уделяется роли торговли и географии. Согласно теории Новой экономической географии, торговля и география оказывают определяющее воздействие на тип регионального хозяйства и могут способствовать либо препятствовать успешному экономическому развитию. В контексте данной работы интерес представляет то, как они повлияли на характер посткризисного восстановления. Анализ проводился методом регрессии со случайным эффектом. Эмпирический анализ, проведенный в работе, позволил установить связь между уровнем регионального валового продукта, торговлей и географическим фактором в период 2000-2014. В период после 2008 г. торговля оказала негативное воздействие на уровень ВРП в российских регионах. Однако ее роль в спаде промышленного производства была незначительна.

Zoning Territory of a New Metro Route under Construction in Moscow for Calculating Size of Possible Karst Collapses

( Irina Kozliakova ),( Aleksandr Anikeev ),( Olga Eremina ),( Irina Kozhevnikova ),( Nadezhda Anisimova ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

The map of zoning territory according to its karst and suffosion hazard was built to a scale 1 : 5000 for a new metro route (7.3 km long) projected in the northeast of Moscow. The map was compiled using the geological maps of Carboniferous and preQuaternary deposits and the map of Quaternary loam distribution. The zones of two karst-suffusion hazard categories were distinguished, i.e., nonhazardous and potentially hazardous. The zoning criterion is based on the thickness of clay divide between the Quaternary-Cretaceous groundwater and the confined aquifer in Carboniferous limestone. The potentially hazardous category implies that the clay divide is either absent or its thickness is less than 10 m. It is further subdivided by the structural differences controlling the mechanism of karst-suffosion development in the soil-rock massif. Four types of geological structure have been distinguished: (1) Quaternary sand overlies Carboniferous limestone; (2) Quaternary sand including one or two layers of moraine loam overlies Carboniferous limestone; (3) Jurassic and/or Carboniferous clay overlies Carboniferous limestone, with the above-lying Quaternary sandy massif. (4) Jurassic and/or Carboniferous clay overlies the Carboniferous limestone; the above-lying Quaternary sandy massif contains one or two layers of moraine loam. For calculation of collapse sizes, we also take into account a number of other geological and hydrogeological parameters, e.g., thickness of layers, aquifer level position and hydraulic heads, etc. Therefore, the number of calculation sites exceeds the number of geological structural types. This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 16-17-00125-P.

The numerical Groundwater Flow Model in Areas of Hydrogeological Windows (for Example Lyubertsy Wastewater Treatment Plant in Moscow)

( Irina Kostikova ),( Irina Pozdnykova ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

The aquifer in coal limestone is a backup source of water supply in Moscow. The horizon lies at a depth of 20-50 m and is separated from the aquifer in Quaternary sediments (upper, shallow) Jurassic clay. There are areas - hydrogeological windows, on which as a result of erosion activity, clay is absent or their thickness decreases to 1-2 m or permeability increases. Since 2013, monitoring of the quality of groundwater has been carried out near large potential sources located on sections of hydrogeological windows. One of these facilities is the Lyubertsy wastewater treatment plant. Lyubertsy wastewater treatment plant in Moscow is the largest in Russia. Analysis of observational data included the establishment of indicators of chemical composition - indicators of the impact of pollution sources on changes in the quality of groundwater; mapping of their distribution over the territory; plotting their changes over time; plotting histograms of their distribution in water samples; cluster and factor analysis of data for the division of wells into groups on the influence of different sources of pollution. The obtained results were used for the variation of the numerical model of groundwater. The numerical groundwater flow model was developed in order to clarify the patterns and mechanisms for the transfer of pollution from the upper horizon to the deeper one at the sites of hydrogeological windows; establishing possible routes of pollutants to the observation wells; pollution forecast. The research was financially supported by the project of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research No. 17-05-01016.

THE BANK LIQUIDITY SMILE ACROSS EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES

Irina BUNDA,Jean-Baptiste DESQUILBET 한국국제경제학회 2008 International Economic Journal Vol.22 No.3

Combining panel data on bank liquidity at the individual level and data on their macroeconomic environment, for a sample of commercial banks in emerging countries between 1995 and 2004, we show that there exists a “bank liquidity smile across exchange rate regimes”. In extreme regimes at both ends of the line, i.e. for pure floating exchange rate regimes at one end and currency boards and dollarized economies at the other end, bank assets are more liquid than in intermediate regimes.

Old Korean Settlements in Russian Primorye Examined from an Archaeological Perspective

Irina S. Zhushchikhovskaya,Yuri G. Nikitin,Alexei Telelyuev 동북아역사재단 2013 Journal of Northeast Asian History Vol.10 No.2

Diversity and plant growth-promoting effects of the fungal endophytes isolated from salt tolerant plants

Irina Khalmuratova,최두호,우주리,정민지,오유선,김영국,이인정,추연식,김종국 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.11

Fungal endophytes are symbiotic microorganisms that are often found in asymptomatic plants. This study describes the genetic diversity of the fungal endophytes isolated from the roots of plants sampled from the west coast of Korea. Five halophytic plant species, Limonium tetragonum, Suaeda australis, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda glauca Bunge, and Phragmites australis, were collected from a salt marsh in Gochang and used to isolate and identify culturable, root-associated endophytic fungi. The fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 was used as the DNA barcode for the classification of these specimens. In total, 156 isolates of the fungal strains were identified and categorized into 23 genera and two phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), with Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes as the predominant classes. The genus Alternaria accounted for the largest number of strains, followed by Cladosporium and Fusarium. The highest diversity index was obtained from the endophytic fungal group associated with the plant P. australis. Waito-C rice seedlings were treated with the fungal culture filtrates to analyze their plant growth-promoting capacity. A bioassay of the Sm-3-7-5 fungal strain isolated from S. maritima confirmed that it had the highest plant growth-promoting capacity. Molecular identification of the Sm-3-7-5 strain revealed that it belongs to Alternaria alternata and is a producer of gibberellins. These findings provided a fundamental basis for understanding the symbiotic interactions between plants and fungi.

Inhibitors of DNA methylation support TGF-β1-induced IL11 expression in gingival fibroblasts

Irina-Georgeta Sufaru,Gabriel Beikircher,Andreas Weinhaeusel,Reinhard Gruber 대한치주과학회 2017 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.47 No.2

Purpose: Oral wound healing requires gingival fibroblasts to respond to local growth factors. Epigenetic silencing through DNA methylation can potentially decrease the responsiveness of gingival fibroblasts to local growth factors. In this study, our aim was to determine whether the inhibition of DNA methylation sensitized gingival fibroblasts to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Methods: Gingival fibroblasts were exposed to 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza), a clinically approved demethylating agent, before stimulation with TGF-β1. Gene expression changes were evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. DNA methylation was detected by methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and PCR amplification. Results: We found that 5-aza enhanced TGF-β1-induced interleukin-11 (IL11) expression in gingival fibroblasts 2.37-fold (P=0.008). 5-aza had no significant effects on the expression of proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). Consistent with this, 5-aza caused demethylation of the IL11 gene commonly next to a guanosine (CpG) island in gingival fibroblasts. The TGF-β type I receptor kinase inhibitor SB431542 impeded the changes in IL11 expression, indicating that the effects of 5-aza require TGF-β signaling. 5-aza moderately increased the expression of TGF-β type II receptor (1.40-fold; P=0.009), possibly enhancing the responsiveness of fibroblasts to TGF-β1. As part of the feedback response, 5-aza increased the expression of the DNA methyltransferases 1 (DNMT1) (P=0.005) and DNMT3B (P=0.002), which are enzymes responsible for gene methylation. Conclusions: These in vitro data suggest that the inhibition of DNA methylation by 5-aza supports TGF-β-induced IL11 expression in gingival fibroblasts.

NS398 Protects Cells from Sodium Nitroprusside-mediated Cytotoxicity through Enhancing HO-1 Induction Independent of COX-2 Inhibition

Irina Tsoy Nizamutdinova,서한극,장기철,김혜정,이재흔 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.1

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a preventive role in oxidative stress. In contrast, COX-2 is involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, thus COX-2 inhibitor is believed to exert anti-inflammatory properties by blocking COX-2. Recently, however, salicylate the active metabolite of aspirin showed COX-independent anti-inflammatory effects through induction of HO-1. Thus, we hypothesized that HO-1 are induced as an adaptive response to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and play a protective role against cytotoxicity. Moreover, we investigated the protective effect of NS398 known as a selective COX-2 inhibitor on SNP-mediated cytotoxicity, and whether the protective effect of NS398 is due to COX-2 inhibition or not. SNP induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, which was enhanced by inhibition of HO-1, suggesting that HO-1 acts in an adaptive response to SNP. Interestingly, NS398 decreased SNP-mediated cytotoxicity whereas COX-2 siRNA did not. Furthermore, NS398 enhanced SNP-induced HO-1 induction even though NS398 alone failed to induce HO-1 protein expression. In addition, NS398 enhanced SNP-induced COX-2, even though NS398 effectively inhibited SNP-mediated PGE2 production. These results demonstrate that NS398 exerts cytoprotective effects by inducing HO-1 independent of COX-2 inhibition.

The Role of the University in the Citizens' Financial Competence Improvement in Russia and in Countries of the New Silk Road

Irina A. Samsonova 한국로고스경영학회 2009 한국로고스경영학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.7월

The citizens' financial competence is one of conditions of the market development and of their volatility decrease. The considerable part of the population has no basic education in finance. The Treasury of the Russian Federation made a decision to implement the financial competence improvement program. which will lasts for 5 years starting from 2009. The goal of the program is to find the fallowing: whether people trust banks, to what degree consumers of banking services feel protected, and 'whether they are ready to invest money in financial institutions and if not ready, why. Monitoring of bank reliability was carried out among Vladivostok citizens.