미국자동차시장의 구조분석

Choi InHye(최인혜),Seo Goo Lee(이서구),Seong Keun Yi(이성근) 한국마케팅과학회 2008 마케팅과학연구 Vol.18 No.1

  본 연구는 미국의 자동시장의 시장구조를 분석한 것이다. 자동차 시장의 구조분석는 제품의 특성이냐내구재라는 점에서 의의가 있다. 그 동안 시장구조분석은 일반포장소비재를 중심으로 분석되어 왔으나 자동차의 시장구조분석는 자동차의 구매주기가 장기간이며, 다음 구매는 많은 소비자가 상위차급으로 이동한다는 점에서 기존의 분석에 사용되었던 상표전환자료를 사용하는데 한계가 있다. 이 때문에 본 연구에서는 구매고려상표군을 중심으로 우사성지수로 사용하여 시장구조분석을 하였다. 자료는 미국의 자동차구매에 관한 이차자료를 활용하였으며, 자료의 특성상 일부차종에 한정하여 사용하였다. 크게 세가지 형태-비용, 비용-형태, 비구조화의 가설적 시장을 비교분석하였으며, 결과적으로 형태-비용 구조가 가장 우수한 것으로 판단되었다.   Market structure analysis is a very useful tool to analyze the competition boundary of the brand or the company. But most of the studies in market structure analysis, the concern lies in nondurable goods such as candies, soft drink and etc. because of the their availability of the data. In the field of durable goods, the limitation of the data availability and the repurchase time period constrain the study. In the analysis of the automobile market, those of views might be more persuasive.<BR>  The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure of automobile market based on some idea suggested by prior studies. Usually the buyers of the automobile tend to buy upper tier when they buy in the next time. That kind of behavior make it impossible to analyze the structure of automobile market under the level of automobile model. For that reason I tried to analyze the market structure in the brand or company level.<BR>  In this study, consideration data was used for market structure analysis. The reasons why we used the consideration data are summarized as following. Firstly, as the repurchase time cycle is too long, brand switching data which is used for the market analysis of nondurable good is not avaliable. Secondly, as we mentioned, the buyers of the automobile tend to buy upper tier when they buy in the next time.<BR>  We used survey data collected in the U.S.A. market in the year of 2005 through questionaire. The sample size was 8,291. The number of brand analyzed in this study was 9 among 37 which was being sold in U.S.A. market. Their market share was around 50%. The brands considered were BMW, Chevrolet, Chrysler, Dodge, Ford, Honda, Mercedes, and Toyota. ? ratio was derived from frequency of the consideration set. Actually the frequency is different from the brand switch concept. In this study to compute the ? ratio, the frequency of the consideration set was used like a frequency of brand switch for convenience.<BR>  The study can be divided into 2 steps. The first step is to build hypothetical market structures. The second step is to choose the best structure based on the hypothetical market structures, Usually logit analysis is used for the choice best structure.<BR>  In this study we built 3 hypothetical market structure. They are type-cost, cost-type, and unstructured. We classified the automobile into 5 types, sedan, SUV(Sport Utility Vehicle), Pickup, Mini Van, and Full-size Van. As for purchasing cost, we classified it 2 groups based on the median value. The median value was $28,800.<BR>  To decide best structure among them, maximum likelihood test was used. Resulting from market structure analysis, we find that the automobile market of USA is hierarchically structured in the form of "automobile type - purchasing cost". That is, result showed that automobile buyers considered function or usage first and purchasing cost next.<BR>  This study has some limitations in the analysis level and variable selection. First, in this study only type of the automobile and purchasing cost were as attributes considered for purchase. Considering other attributes is very needful. Because of the attributes considered, only 3 hypothetical structure could be analyzed. Second, due to the data, brand level analysis was tried. But model level analysis would be better because automobile buyers consider model not brand. To conduct model level study more cases should be obtained. That is for acquiring the better practical meaning, brand level analysis should be conducted when we consider the actual competition which occurred in the real market. Third, the variable selection for building nested logit model was very limited to some avaliable data. In spite of those limitations, the importance of this study lies in the trial of market structure analysis of durable good.

Metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis predict tumor progression and survival after salvage surgery for recurrent oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

Choi, Woo Ri,Oh, Jungsu S.,Roh, Jong‐,Lyel,Kim, Jae Seung,Oh, Inhye,Choi, Seung‐,Ho,Nam, Soon Yuhl,Kim, Sang Yoon J. Wiley 2019 Head & neck Vol.41 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>This study evaluated the prognostic role of Fluorine 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (<SUP>18</SUP>F‐FDG PET/CT) parameters quantitatively measured in patients with recurrent oral cavity cancer.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to assess the associations between quantitative <SUP>18</SUP>F‐FDG PET/CT parameters and other clinicopathological factors and progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>All of the <SUP>18</SUP>F‐FDG PET parameters (SUV<SUB>max</SUB>, SUV<SUB>mean</SUB>, SUV<SUB>peak</SUB>, metabolic tumor volume [MTV], and total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) were significantly associated with poor PFS and OS outcomes after salvage treatment (<I>P</I> < .01). In multivariate analyses, Karnofsky performance score, recurrence site, MTV, and TLG were independent variables predictive of both PFS and OS (<I>P</I> < .05). High MTV (>8.8 mL) or TLG (>29.4 g) values at recurrent lesions were associated with >5‐fold increased risk for tumor progression and mortality after salvage surgery.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>The PET parameters of MTV and TLG measured at recurrent lesions may predict tumor progression and survival after salvage treatment.</P><P><B>Condensed Abstract</B></P><P>This study examined the role of <SUP>18</SUP>F‐FDG PET/CT at recurrent staging for predicting tumor progression and survival in 71 consecutive patients with recurrent oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas. Of <SUP>18</SUP>F‐FDG parameters, metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis were independent factors predictive of tumor progression and survival after salvage treatment.</P>

A missense allele of <i>KARRIKIN-INSENSITIVE2</i> impairs ligand-binding and downstream signaling in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

Lee, Inhye,Kim, Kuglae,Lee, Sumin,Lee, Seungjun,Hwang, Eunjin,Shin, Kihye,Kim, Dayoung,Choi, Jungki,Choi, Hyunmo,Cha, Jeong Seok,Kim, Hoyoung,Lee, Rin-A,Jeong, Suyeong,Kim, Jeongsik,Kim, Yumi,Nam, Hon Oxford University Press 2018 Journal of experimental botany Vol.69 No.15

<▼1><P>A missense mutation of <I>KARRIKIN-INSENSITIVE2</I>, <I>KAI2</I><SUP><I>ply2</I></SUP>, compromises its ligand-binding activity, which subsequently impairs KAI2-signaling and multiple aspects of light-dependent responses.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A smoke-derived compound, karrikin (KAR), and an endogenous but as yet unidentified KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) ligand (KL) have been identified as chemical cues in higher plants that impact on multiple aspects of growth and development. Genetic screening of light-signaling mutants in <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I> has identified a mutant designated as <I>ply2</I> (<I>pleiotropic long hypocotyl2</I>) that has pleiotropic light-response defects. In this study, we used positional cloning to identify the molecular lesion of <I>ply2</I> as a missense mutation of <I>KAI2</I>/<I>HYPOSENSITIVE TO LIGHT</I>, which causes a single amino acid substitution, Ala219Val. Physiological analysis and genetic epistasis analysis with the KL-signaling components <I>MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2</I> (<I>MAX2</I>) and <I>SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1</I> suggested that the pleiotropic phenotypes of the <I>ply2</I> mutant can be ascribed to a defect in KL-signaling. Molecular and biochemical analyses revealed that the mutant KAI2<SUP>ply2</SUP> protein is impaired in its ligand-binding activity. In support of this conclusion, X-ray crystallography studies suggested that the <I>KAI2</I><SUP><I>ply2</I></SUP> mutation not only results in a narrowed entrance gate for the ligand but also alters the structural flexibility of the helical lid domains. We discuss the structural implications of the Ala219 residue with regard to ligand-specific binding and signaling of KAI2, together with potential functions of KL-signaling in the context of the light-regulatory network in <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I>.</P></▼2>

희첨류 한약재의 포제가 혈압에 미치는 영향

최동일,함인혜,박규하,최호영 대한본초학회 2005 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

Objective : This study was carried out to compare the components regarding medicinal parts of Siegesbeckiae Herba and its habitats using TLC patterns. Then hypotentive effects, which depend on the preparation process was measured on Siegesbeckiae Herba. Methods : The Siegesbeckiae Herba were prepared with 70% MeOH extract and was fractionized. Also Siegesbeckiae Herba was steamed several times with Makkolli and its residue was attained. Hypotensive effect was obtained by measuring mean B.P. from femoral artery in rats. Results : The components were significantly different depending on their medicinal parts and habitats in TLC patterns. The more Siegesbeckiae Herba was steamed, the more some compounds decreased. As for mean B.P., it dropped significantly when Siegesbeckiae Herba was steamed 9 times. It dropped remarkably after 30 min. then mainteined afterwards. Also 60% and 100% methanol fraction of Siegesbeckiae Herba showed significant hypotensive effect. Conclusions : We concluded that Siegesbeckiae Herba have different compounds according to their medicinal parts and habitats. Also the steaming process with Makkolli increases hypotensive activity.

Synthesis and properties of photoinduced refractive index change polymers

Inhye JEON,Mijin CHOI,Jinsoo Kim,Mi Hye Yi,Hak Rin KIM,Jinhan CHO,Jae-won KA 한국고분자학회 2016 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.41 No.2

Effects of honokiol on the spontaneous motility of mouse ileum

Inhye Ham,Hoyoung Choi,Geunyong Park,Mehari Endale,Man Hee Rhee,Kil Soo Kim,Tae Wan Kim 한국실험동물학회 2007 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

Hypolipidemic effect of MeOH extract of Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam in hyperlipidemia induced by Triton WR-1339 and high cholesterol diet in rats.

Ham, Inhye,Yang, Gabsik,Lee, Jaejun,Lee, Kyung-Jin,Choi, Ho-Young Marcel Dekker 2009 IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY Vol.31 No.3

<P>Hyperlipidemia has been implicated in atherosclerosis which is the leading cause of death among world population and resulting from lipid metabolic changes is a major cause of atherosclerosis. Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam belongs to Bambusaceae is the stem of Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd.) Munro var. henonis (Bean) Stapf of Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold et Zuccarini, the perennial evergreen tree. The green middle layer of stem is dried in string-shape I shadow after the bark had been removed. In this study, the effects of middle layer of PN, PB, PP, and BCT on rat with hyperlipidemia, induced by Triton WR-1339 and high cholesterol diet were investigated. We measured plasma levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol as measure of its hyperlipidemic effects. As a result, all of the Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam was reduced total cholesterol, LDL. Inhibition rate on LDL-oxidation, hACAT-1, and hACAT-2 was increased dose-dependently. Therefore all of the Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam is a good candidate for the treatment on Triton WR-1339 and high cholesterol diet-induced blood circulatory disorders, obesity, and hyperlipidemia.</P>

茵蔯蒿와 韓茵蔯이 Triton WR-1339로 유도된 고지혈증 흰쥐에 미치는 영향

함인혜,정성웅,이경진,박규하,최호영 대한본초학회 2005 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

Objectives : In order to elucidate hyperlipidemia effect of the aerial part of A. capillaris and A. iwayomogi, an experimental study was performed on the hyperlipidemia of rats induced by Triton WR-1339. Methods : The amount of total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, AST, and ALT were measured. Results : In the hyperlipidemia of rats induced by Triton WR-1339, A. capillaris and A. iwayomogi showed decreasing effects on total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid,, LDL-cholesterol. ALT, and AST. Especially, A. iwayomogi showed significant decreasing effects on total cholesterol, and phospholipid. Conclusion : According to the results, A. capillaris and A. iwayomogi need to considered for the application in hyperlipidemia

한반도의 날씨 스트레스 지수 NET(Net Effective Temperature) 분포의 특성

허인혜(Inhye Heo),최영은(Youngeun Choi),권원태(Won-Tae Kwon) 대한지리학회 2004 대한지리학회지 Vol.39 No.1

본 연구는 상대적 날씨 스트레스 지수로 NET의 적용 가능성을 파악하고자 하였다. 기상청에서 예보하고 있는 기온, 습도, 바람 자료를 이용하여 NET 값의 시공간적 분포 특성을 분석하였다. 여름철 스트레스 지수인 일 최고 NET의 지역별 스트레스 기준값은 바람과 습도보다는 기온의 영향을 받으므로 일 최고 기온의 분포와 유사 하다. 겨울철 스트레스 지수인 일 최저 NET의 스트레스 기준값은 산지 지역과 서울 이북 지역에서는 낮은 기온의 영향을, 해안 지역에서는 강한 바람의 영향으로 기준값이 여름철에 비하여 다양하게 나타난다. 스트레스가 강한 날의 발생 빈도는 여름철은 뚜렷한 연변화가 나타나지 않지만, 겨울철에는 1990년대 중반 이후 뚜렷한 증가 경향을 보인다. This paper examined the possibility of NET application for a relative weather stress index in Korea. The characteristic of NET distribution used temperature. relative humidity, wind speed which forecasting at Korean Meteorological Administration were analyzed. Regional critical values of daily maximum NET of stress index for summer resembled the distribution of daily maximum temperature because were not impacted wind and humidity but temperature. Regional critical values of daily minimum NET of stress index for winter distributed variously compared with summer. The highland region and the northern region of Seoul were impacted of low temperature and coastal region which strong wind. The occurrences of stressful days did not vary in summer. but obviously increased in winter after mid-1990s.<br/>

민간 상황제제의 생리활성

함인혜,정민영,최용주,이상대,성환길,심상수,황완균 중앙대학교 약학연구소 2000 약학 논총 Vol.14 No.-

Phellinus linteus(polyporaceae) has been used as anti-cancer agent in Korea. We were studied to evaluate the anti-tumor and immunopotentiation effect of Phellinus lintenus(PL) single and mixing administration with three anti-tumor agents in folk medicines(Ulmus davidiana var japonica, Cudrania tricuspiata, and Bupleurun palcatum). Oral administraion to tumor bearing mice significantly prolonged suvival rate compared to control group with the prolongation ratio of 2% to 9%. Nitrite production of Raw 264.7 cell was increase dose-dependently