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연산자 조작 공격과 피연산자 조작 공격에 대한 기존 CRT-RSA Scheme의 안전성 분석
허순행(Soonhaeng Hur),이형섭(Hyungsub Lee),이현승(Hyunseung Rhee),최동현(Donghyun Choi),원동호(Dongho Won),김승주(Seungjoo Kim) 한국정보보호학회 2009 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.19 No.6
CRT-RSA의 사용이 대중화됨에 따라, CRT-RSA에 대한 보안 또한 중요 이슈가 되었다. 1996년, Bellcore 연구원들에 의해 CRT-RSA가 오류 주입 공격에 취약하다고 밝혀진 이래로, 많은 대응책들이 제안되었다. 첫 번째 대응책은 1999년 Shamir에 의해 제안되었으며, Shamir의 대응책은 오류 검사 기법에 기반을 두고 있다. Shamir의 대응책이 소개된 이후, 오류 검사 기법을 사용하는 많은 대응책들이 제안되었다. 그러나 Shamir의 대응책은 2001년 Joey 등에 의하여 피연산자 조작 공격에 취약함이 밝혀졌으며, 오류 검사 기법 또한 2003년 Yen 등에 의하여 연산자 조작 공격에 취약하다고 알려졌다. 이에 Yen 등은 오류 검사 기법을 사용하지 않고 오류 확산 기법을 사용하여 새로운 대응책을 제안하였으나, Yen 등이 제안한 대응책 또한 2007년에 Yen과 Kim에 의하여 안전하지 않음이 밝혀졌다. 최근에는 Kim 등이 Yen 등의 대응책을 보완한 새로운 대응책을 제안하였으며, Ha 등 또한 오류 확산 기법을 사용한 대응책을 제안하였다. 그러나 Kim 등과 Ha 등이 제안한 대응책들을 포함한 기존 대응책들은 연산자 조작 공격에 대해서는 안전성이 증명되지 않았기 때문에 본 논문에서는 피연산자 조작 공격은 물론, 연산자 조작 공격도 고려하여 지금까지 제안된 대응책들의 안전성을 분석할 것이다. As the use of RSA based on chinese remainder theorem(CRT-RSA) is being generalized, the security of CRT-RSA has been important. Since Bellcore researchers introduced the fault attacks on CRT-RSA, various countermeasures have been proposed. In 1999, Shamir firstly proposed a countermeasure using checking procedure. After Shamir's countermeasure was introduced, various countermeasures based on checking procedure have been proposed. However, Shamir's countermeasure was known to be vulnerable to the modified operand attack by Joey et al. in 2001, and the checking procedure was known to be vulnerable to the modified opcode attack by Yen et al. in 2003. Yen et al. proposed a new countermeasure without checking procedure, but their countermeasure was known to be also vulnerable to the modified operand attack by Yen and Kim in 2007. In this paper, we point out that pre, but countermeasures were vulnerable to the modified operand attack or the modified opcode attack.
Regioregularity-Driven Morphological Transition of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-Based Block Copolymers
Kim, Jin-Seong,Kim, Yongjoo,Kim, Hyun-Jeong,Kim, Hyeong Jun,Yang, Hyunseung,Jung, Yeon Sik,Stein, Gila E.,Kim, Bumjoon J. American Chemical Society 2017 Macromolecules Vol.50 No.5
<P>Conjugated polymer-based block copolymers (BCPs) offer great potential to provide beneficial nanostructures for efficient organic optoelectronics. However, their complicated self-assembly behavior, which is attributed to the strong crystallization of conjugated blocks, is still not well understood due to the lack of a model BCP system. Herein, we develop a series of novel conjugated polymer-based BCPs, poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P3HT-b-P2VP), in which the regioregularity (RR) of the P3HT block was varied from 95 to 73%. The tunable RR content allows for precise regulation of P3HT crystallization with minimal influence on the microphase-separation force between the P3HT and P2VP blocks. When RR is high (i.e., 95 or 8S%), structure formation is controlled by crystallization of P3HT, and the ultimate structure is characterized by nanoscale P3HT fibrils in an amorphous matrix. In contrast, as RR decreases to 78 and 73%, P3HT crystallization is suppressed. The self-assembly is controlled by the enthalpic interaction between P3HT and P2VP blocks, much like typical BCPs having two flexible blocks, and thermal annealing drives the formation of well-ordered lamellar or cylindrical phases. This morphological behavior is consistent with a Monte Carlo simulation based on a newly developed coarse-grained model. Significantly, this novel class of RR-controlled P3HT-based BCPs provides a simple method to tune bulk and thin film morphology for a variety of applications in nanostructured organic electronics.</P>
유스 케이스 기반 요구사항 분석을 통한 리스크 추출 및 우선순위화 연구
김보연 ( Boyeon Kim ),김재승 ( Jaeseung Kim ),박보경 ( Bokyung Park ),손현승 ( Hyunseung Son ),김영철 ( Robert Youngchul Kim ),김우열 ( Woo Yeol Kim ) 한국정보처리학회 2012 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.19 No.2
기존의 리스크기반 테스팅은 조직, 프로젝트, 제품에만 초점이 맞추어져 있어 소프트웨어 개발에 관련된 리스크 활동은 잘 고려되지 않는다. 본 논문에서는 소트프웨어 개발에 리스크를 적용하고자 유스케이스 기반 리스크 위험도 측정과 우선순위화를 제안한다. 제안한 리스크 위험도 측정방법은 GoRE의 Goal 중요도 매트릭스를 리스크 결정 매트릭스로 확장하고 이를 이용하여 리스크의 위험도를 우선 순위화에 적용한 것이다. 확장한 리스크 결정 매트릭스는 유스 케이스와 요구사항의 연관관계를 파악한 후 고객 중요도를 계산하여 리스크 위험도를 측정하는 방법이다. 이를 통해 소프트웨어 개발 전 리스크 요구사항 고려로 시스템 구축에 도움이 되고자 한다.
Kim, Eun-Joong,Bhuniya, Sankarprasad,Lee, Hyunseung,Kim, Hyun Min,Shin, Weon Sup,Kim, Jong Seung,Hong, Kwan Soo American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.16
<P>A novel dual imaging probe for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging was developed by combining gadolinium (Gd)-chelating MR probe and a near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore, aza-BODIPY (AB; BODIPY = boron-dipyrromethene). This aza-BODIPY-based bimodal contrast agent (AB-BCA) showed a significant fluorescence emission around the NIR range and an enhanced longitudinal relaxivity in MR modality. The probe was easily delivered to phagocytic cells of the innate immune system, together with macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), and presented high-performance fluorescence and MR imaging without obvious cytotoxicity. For in vivo visualization of AB-BCA using MRI and optical imaging, bone marrow derived DCs were labeled and injected into the footpad of mice, and labeled DCs were tracked in vivo. We observed the migration of AB-BCA-labeled DCs into the lymph nodes via lymphatic vessels using NIR fluorescence and T-1-weighted MR images. This dual-modality imaging probe was used for noninvasive monitoring of DC migration into lymph nodes and could be useful for investigating advanced cellular immunotherapy.</P>
Kim, Sang‐,Young,Lee, Hyunseung,Kim, Hyun‐,Ju,Bang, Eunjung,Lee, Sung‐,Ho,Lee, Do‐,Wan,Woo, Dong‐,Cheol,Choi, Chi‐,Bong,Hong, Kwan Soo,Lee, Chulhyun,Choe, Bo‐ John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2011 NMR in biomedicine Vol.24 No.10
<P>Subanesthetic doses of ketamine, a noncompetitive <I>N</I>‐methyl‐<SMALL>D</SMALL>‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, impair prefrontal cortex (PFC) function in the rat and produce symptoms in humans similar to those observed in patients with schizophrenia. In the present study, <I>in vivo</I> <SUP>1</SUP>H‐MRS and <I>ex vivo</I> <SUP>1</SUP>H high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HR‐MAS) spectroscopy was used to examine the brain metabolism of rats treated with subanesthetic doses of ketamine (30 mg/kg) for 6 days. A single voxel localization sequence (PRESS, TR/TE = 4000/20 ms and NEX = 512) was used to acquire the spectra in a 30‐µl voxel positioned in the cerebral cortex (including mainly PFC) of the rats (ketamine group: <I>n</I> = 12; saline group: <I>n</I> = 12) anesthetized with isoflurane. After the <I>in vivo</I> <SUP>1</SUP>H‐MRS acquisition, the animals were sacrificed and the cerebral cortex tissues were extracted (ketamine group: <I>n</I> = 7; saline group: <I>n</I> = 7) for <I>ex vivo</I> <SUP>1</SUP>H HR‐MAS spectroscopy (CPMG sequence, 2.0‐s presaturation delay, 2.0‐s acquisition time, 128 transients and 4‐ms inter‐pulse delay) using a 500‐MHz NMR spectrometer. All proton metabolites were quantified using the LCModel. For the <I>in vivo</I> spectra, there was a significant increase in glutamate concentration in the cerebral cortex of the ketamine group compared with the controls (<I>p</I> < 0.05). For the <I>ex vivo</I> HR‐MAS spectra, there was a significant increase in the glutamate/total creatine ratio, and a decrease in the glutamine/total creatine and glutamine/glutamate ratios in the cerebral cortex tissue of the ketamine group compared with the controls. The results of the present study demonstrated that administration of subanesthetic doses of ketamine in the rat may exert at least part of their effect in the cerebral cortex by activation of glutamatergic neurotransmission. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>
Investigation on nanotubular surface structure of Ti-10Nb-10Ta alloy by anodization.
Kim, Hyunseung,Park, Sangwon,Lim, Hyunpil,Yun, Kwidug,Lee, Kwangmin American Scientific Publishers 2013 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.13 No.6
<P>The anodized nanotubular surface structure of a Ti-10wt.%Ta-10wt.%Nb alloy were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and depth profiling, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A highly ordered layer of individual nanotubes approximately 100 nm in diameter and 600 nm in length was formed. XPS revealed the nanotubes to be composed mainly of TiO2. The XPS depth profile suggested that the nanotubular surface structure consisted of three zones: (1) a zone containing fluorine element, (2) a zone containing oxygen and titanium elements whose concentrations changed rapidly, and (3) a zone containing mainly titanium element.</P>