Enhanced Water Splitting by Fe _<b>2</b> O _<b>3</b> -TiO _<b>2</b> -FTO Photoanode with Modified Energy Band Structure

Noh, Eul,Noh, Kyung-Jong,Yun, Kang-Seop,Kim, Bo-Ra,Jeong, Hee-June,Oh, Hyo-Jin,Jung, Sang-Chul,Kang, Woo-Seung,Kim, Sun-Jae Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 The Scientific World Journal Vol.2013 No.-

<P>The effect of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> layer applied to the conventional Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/FTO photoanode to improve the photoelectrochemical performance was assessed from the viewpoint of the microstructure and energy band structure. Regardless of the location of the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> layer in the photoanodes, that is, Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/FTO or TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/FTO, high performance was obtained when <I><I>α</I></I>-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and H-TiNT/anatase-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> phases existed in the constituent Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and TiO<SUB>2</SUB> layers after optimized heat treatments. The presence of the Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles with high uniformity in the each layer of the Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/FTO photoanode achieved by a simple dipping process seemed to positively affect the performance improvement by modifying the energy band structure to a more favorable one for efficient electrons transfer. Our current study suggests that the application of the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> interlayer, together with <I><I>α</I></I>-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles present in the each constituent layers, could significantly contribute to the performance improvement of the conventional Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> photoanode.</P>

아프로티닌 (Aprotinin) 투여 후 발생한 급성 신부전 2예

윤영섭 ( Yeong Seop Yun ),권순효 ( Soon Hyo Kwon ),박은경 ( Eun Kyung Park ),전진석 ( Jin Seok Jeon ),노현진 ( Hyun Jin Noh ),한동철 ( Dong Cheol Han ),진소영 ( So Young Jin ) 대한신장학회 2008 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.27 No.3

Aprotinin is a nonspecific serine protease inhibitor and antifibrinolytic agent. It has been used to control bleeding and reduce the amounts of transfusion during the perioperative period. There are few reports on adverse effects following aprotinin use. However, several reports have been recently published, suggesting an increased risk for renal events or deaths in patients given aprotinin. We report two cases of ARF associated with aprotinin. To reduce perioperative blood loss, aprotinin was administered to two patients who underwent obstetrical surgeries in which ARF subsequently developed. Renal biopsies displayed microthrombi within the arterioles and small arteries, causing infarctions and collapses of glomeruli. Although renal functions were not completely recovered, the two patients are now being followed up without dialysis.

Performance Improvement of Liquid Phase Plasma Processed Carbon Blacks Electrode in Lithium Ion Battery Applications

Yun, Kang-Seop,Kim, Bo-Ra,Noh, Eul,Jung, Hee-June,Oh, Hyo-Jin,Kang, Wooseung,Jung, Sang-Chul,Myung, Seung-Taek,Kim, Sun-Jae Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.15 No.8

Cyclic stability of carbon blacks as an anode electrode in lithium ion batteries was studied using commercial (SP & KB) and synthesized (SC) ones. SC was processed by liquid phase plasma process. The cyclic stability was found to be affected with the presence of solid electrolyte interface(SEI). Unlike the commercial carbon blacks in which SEI formed at early stage of chargedischarge cycles, SC showed a gradual formation of SEI with the cycles. The SEI formation was confirmed by the trace of resistance changes with the impedance measurements. SP was observed to have the best charge-discharge cyclic stability. Meanwhile, the capacity of SC was gradually decreased with the cycle until the formation of SEI even though it had higher capacity than the commercial ones through the measurement cycles of up to 50. The cyclic stability of SC carbon blacks was greatly improved by mixing with SP with a slight sacrifice of capacity.

투석 보류와 투석 중단의 결정에 대한 의사들의 태도

윤영섭 ( Yeong Seop Yun ),권순효 ( Soon Hyo Kwon ),정재면 ( Jae Myun Jung ),전진석 ( Jin Seok Jeon ),노현진 ( Hyun Jin Noh ),한동철 ( Dong Cheol Han ) 대한신장학회 2009 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.28 No.1

목적: 국외의 경우 사전의사결정서와 투석 보류 및 중단지침을 통해 환자와 의료진 모두 투석 중단에 대한 갈등과 고민을 최소화하고자 하고 있다 그러나 아직 국내에서는 투석 중단에 대한 연구가 거의 없다. 이에 저자들은 신장내과 의사들의 투석 보류와 중단에 대한 태도를 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 2006년 1월부터 2008년 1월까지 내과의원, 종합병원 대학병원에서 투석환자를 진료하는 내과의사 45명을 대상으로 투석 보류와 중단에 대한 설문 조사를 시행하였다. 투석 보류와 중단에 대한 항목은 Likert식의 5점 척도로 구성되었고 투석 치료에 관한 사전의사결정서 작성과 투석중단 가이드라인 필요성에 대한 항목은 3점 척도로 구성되었다. 결과: 투석 보류와 중단 모두의 경우에서 치매 환자보다 식물상태 환자에서 더 강하게 동의하는 것으로 나타났다. 의식 상태가 명료한 말기 신질환 환자가 투석을 원하지 않을 경우 투석을 중단하는 것에 동의하는 것보다 시작을 보류하는 것에 더 강한 동의를 보였다. 하지만 치매나 식물상태의 경우에는 투석 보류와 중단 요구간에 대상자의 태도에는 의미 있는 차이가 없었다. 투석 시작 전 투석 중단에 관한 사전 의사 결정서에 대해서는 반대의견이 더 많았으나 투석 보류와 중단 가이드라인 제정에 대해서는 대부분 찬성하였다. 결론: 환자의 신경학적 이상에 따라 투석유보와 중단에 대해서 상반된 태도를 보였으나 투석 보류와 중단에 대한 지침의 필요성에서 대부분 찬성하였다. Purpose: In many countries, patients and dialysis unit physicians attempt to address issues regarding withholding and withdrawing dialysis through advance directives and clinical guidelines for dialysis utilization. However, there are only a few reports of withholding and withdrawing dialysis in Korea. This study was developed to investigate the attitudes of dialysis unit physicians regarding withholding and withdrawing dialysis in Korea. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 45 dialysis unit physicians from January, 2006 to January, 2008. Physicians were asked about their decision making process to withhold and withdraw dialysis, and their opinions regarding the necessities of advance directives and guidelines for withholding and withdrawing dialysis. Results: Analysis of surveys revealed that physicians agreed more about whether to withhold and withdraw dialysis in vegetative patients compared to patients with dementia (p<0.001, p<0.001). There were more agreements about whether to withhold dialysis than whether to withdraw dialysis in patients with unimpaired cognition (p<0.037). However, there were no differences in agreements between withholding and withdrawing dialysis in patients with severe neurological impairments. There appeared to be a general consensus regarding the need for guidelines addressing withholding and withdrawing dialysis (84.4%). However, opinions supporting the necessity for advance directives were not strongly favored (33.3%). Conclusion: Conflicting opinions are present among dialysis unit physicians regarding whether to withhold and withdraw dialysis according to a patient`s neurological impairments. However, most dialysis unit physicians were of one accord regarding the need of guidelines for withholding and withdrawing dialysis.

비만관련 사구체병증의 임상병리학적 고찰

박은경 ( Eun Kyung Park ),윤영섭 ( Yeong Seop Yun ),권순효 ( Soon Hyo Kwon ),전진석 ( Jin Seok Jeon ),노현진 ( Hyun Jin Noh ),이선영 ( Sun Young Lee ),진소영 ( So Young Jin ),한동철 ( Dong Cheol Han ) 대한신장학회 2008 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.27 No.1

서론: 최근 비만과 대사증후군을 만성콩팥병의 발병과 진행의 위험인자들로 인식하고 있다. 비만환자에서 사구체비대와 국소분절 사구체경화증이 발견되어, 비만관련 사구체병증의 구조와 기능관계에 대한 연구의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 국내에서는 아직 국내보고가 없었던 이 질병의 병리학적 특성을 분석하고, 다른 임상인자들과의 관련성을 분석하였다. 방법: 비만은 BMI 25 kg/m2 이상으로 정의하였다. 비만관련 사구체병증은 비만환자에서 국소분절 사구체경화증과 사구체비대 혹은 사구체비대만 관찰되는 경우로 정의하였다. 비만관련 사구체병증으로 진단된 14예를 대상 환자들과 연령을 맞춘 얇은 기저막병 환자를 대조군으로 하여 임상자료 및 병리학적 소견과 사구체 크기를 비교분석하였다. 사구체 크기는 각 환자에서 가장 큰 사구체 5개의 장축을 측정하여 평균을 내었다. 또한 각 임상인자들과 사구체 크기와의 관련성을 분석하였다. 결과: 모든 비만 환자에서 신증후군이나 함요부종은 관찰되지 않았다. 사구체의 크기는 비만군에서 240±21 μm, 대조군에서는 193±23 μm로 비만군에서 사구체 크기가 의미있게 증가되어 있었다 (p=0.001). 대상환자 모두에서 사구체비대가 관찰되었고 이 중 절반에서 국소분절 사구체경화증이 동반되었다. 과반수 이상의 비만 환자에서 경도의 세관 위축과 간질성 섬유화, 세동맥경화를 보였다. 비만 환자 중 사구체 비대만 보인 군과 비교하여 국소분절 사구체경화증을 보인 군에서 수축기 고혈압과 세관 간질성 섬유화증이 심했다. 수축기 혈압과 허리둘레가 사구체의 크기에 영향을 미치는 독립적인 위험인자로 나타났다. 결론: 경한 비만에도 불구하고 대부분에서 사구체비대 혹은 국소분절 사구체경화증이 관찰되었으나 임상양상은 경미하였다. 이는 비만환자에서 사구체질환에 대한 임상적인 주의가 필요하다는 것을 지적하고 있다. Purpose: Recently, obesity with metabolic syndrome is considered as an important risk factor in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Glomerulomegaly and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are found in the obese patients, suggesting that investigation of structuralfunctional relationship in the obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is needed to prevent CKD. Thus, we report here clinical and pathologic characteristics of ORG and its association with other clinical variables. Methods: Obesity was defined by body mass index >25 kg/m2 and ORG morphologically by FSGS and glomerulomegaly or glomerulomegaly alone. Clinicopathologic findings and glomerular sizes of ORG (14 cases) were compared with age-matched controls with thin basement membrane disease. Multiple variable analysis was performed between glomerular size and clinical variables. Results: There was no nephrotic syndrome or pretibial pitting edema in all obese patients. Mean glomerular diameter was increased in obese patients compared to controls (240±21 μm vs 197±21 μm, p=0.001). Seven cases had lesions with FSGS with glomerulomegaly and seven cases glomerulomegaly alone. Mild tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and arteriolosclerosis were observed in more than half of patients. In obese patients, seven patients with FSGS had more elevated systolic blood pressure and tubular interstitial fibrosis compared to patients with glomerulomegaly only. Patients` systolic blood pressure and waist circumference were independent risk factors influencing the glomerular size in obese patients. Conclusion: FSGS or glomerulomegaly are prominent even in the mild obesity with insignificant clinical symptoms. This indicates that the clinical attention to glomerular disease is needed in obese patients.

Plasma-sprayed gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) for intermediate temperature solid electrolyte

Chanjin Son,Aman Bhardwaj,Jaewoon Hong,Jin-Wook Kim,Heung-Soo Moon,Hyo-Seop Noh,Sun-Ju Song 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2017 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.18 No.12

10 mol% gadolinium-doped cerium (IV) oxide was prepared by solid-state reaction route and deposited as a thick film usingthermal (plasma) spray technique. The phase development, microstructure and topography were characterized by X-raydiffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The mechanical strength of thedeposited film was determined by pull-off adhesion test. The plasma-sprayed GDC was characterized for its electricalproperties by dc four-probe conductivity experiments. The maximum conductivity for plasma-sprayed GDC was found to be3.60 × 10−2 Scm−1, which was lesser than 2.25 × 10−1 Scm−1for the CIP-sintered GDC at 1000 oC and pO2= 0.21 atm. Thedecrease in the conductivity is attributed to the larger intergranular spaces and uneven networking observed in themicrostructure resulted in higher activation energy and low conductivity.

열처리 온도에 따른 8YSZ 후막의 미세구조

한상훈,노효섭,나동명,김광호,이운영,박진성,Han, Sang-Hoon,Noh, Hyo-Seop,Na, Dong-Myung,Jin, Guang-Hu,Lee, Woon-Young,Park, Jin-Seong 한국세라믹학회 2011 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.48 No.1

In order to fabricate 8YSZ thick film by silk screen printing, YSZ(yttria-stabilized zirconia) commercial powder was used as starting materials. Paste for screen printing was made by mixing 8YSZ powder and organic vehicles. 8YSZ thick film was formed on $Al_2O_3$ substrate. The crystal structure, and microstructure were investigated. Grain size of 8YSZ was increased with increasing calcination temperature and rapid grain growth was shown after calcination at $1300^{\circ}C$. Microstructure showed the mixture of large and small grain size after $1400^{\circ}C$ sintering. Shrinkage rate of 8YSZ thick film sintered at $1400^{\circ}C$ was more than 40%.

소아 Anthracycline 심독성의 추적 관찰

권혁주,송영환,강수정,강형진,최형수,배은정,신희영,노정일,윤용수,안효섭,Kwon, Hyok Joo,Song, Young Hwan,Kang, Soo Jung,Kang, Hyoung Jin,Choi, Hyoung Soo,Bae, Eun Jung,Shin, Hee Young,Noh, Chung Il,Yun, Yong Soo,Ahn, Hyo Seop 대한소아청소년과학회 2003 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.46 No.3

Purpose : We studied the relationship between anthracycline cumulative dose and anthracycline cardiotoxicity in childhood cancer and followed up 40 children with anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Methods : A retrospective study was performed in 154 children who received anthracycline chemotherapy between January 1995 to December 2000. Cardiotoxicity was defined when the left ventricular fractional shortening(FS) was below 26%; it was divided into two groups, mild and severe cardiotoxicity, according to the FS. We followed up survivors with cardiotoxicity, and checked their present cardiac function by physical activity, echocardiography, electrocardiography(EKG) and chest X-ray. Results : Of the 154 children treated with anthracyclines, forty(26.0%) were diagnosed as cardiotoxicity. The incidence of cardiotoxicity increased in exponential fashion with increases in the cumulative dose of anthracyclines. There was minimal increase of incidence until a dose of $300mg/m^2$ after which the incidence increased rapidly. After mean $3.8{\pm}1.8year$ follow-up of 23 survivors with cardiotoxicity, FS increased significantly. EKG and chest X-rays were not helpful for the diagnosis of cardiotoxicity because of their low sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion : Although convenient, non-invasive and inexpensive, EKG and chest X-rays were not helpful for the follow-up of anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Almost all survivors with anthracycline cardiotoxicity have improved in both physical activity and echocardiographic findings after discontinuation of anthracyclines. 목 적 : 항암치료 중 anthracycline을 사용한 환아들에 대한 후향적 조사를 통해 anthracycline의 축적량과 anthracycline 심독성과의 관계를 알고자 했고 심독성 환아들에 대한 추적 조사를 통해 anthracycline 심독성 환아의 예후를 알고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1995년 1월부터 2000년 12월까지 서울대학교병원 소아과에서 anthracycline을 포함한 항암치료를 시작한 환아를 대상으로 과거 anthracycline 축적량과 심장 초음파 검사 소견, 심독성 발생 유무 등을 조사하였다. 심독성은 좌심실 수축분율이 26% 이하로 감소한 경우로 정하였고 이들을 다시 좌심실 수축분율이 20%가 넘는 경증 심독성과 20% 미만인 중증 심독성으로 분류하였다. Anthracycline 심독성이 발생한 환아들에게 운동 능력과 심장 초음파, 심전도 검사, 흉부 방사선 촬영 등의 추적 검사를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 총 조사대상 환아는 154명이었다. 이 중에서 40명(26.0%)의 anthracycline 심독성이 발생하였으며 경증 심독성이 27명(17.5%), 중증 심독성이 13명(8.4%)이었다. 심독성의 발생률은 anthracycline의 축적량이 증가함에 따라 서서히 증가하다가 축적량이 $300mg/m^2$ 이상부터 갑자기 지수적으로 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 심독성 환아 40명 중 12명이 추적조사 이전에 사망하였고 생존한 환아 중 23명에 대해 추적검사를 시행하였다. Anthracycline의 사용을 중단한 후 평균 $3.6{\pm}1.8$년의 추적검사 결과 심독성 환아들의 좌심실 수축분율은 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.01). 흉부 방사선 촬영이나 심전도 검사는 심독성의 진단을 위해 민감도와 특이도가 매우 낮은 검사였다. 결 론 : 일반적으로 anthracycline 심독성 환아의 추적검사로 시행하는 심전도 검사나 흉부 방사선 촬영은 심독성의 추적 조사에 도움이 되지 않는다. 심독성 환아들은 일단 생존하여 항암치료를 마치고 약 2-5년 정도 경과하면 심부전 증상이나 심장초음파 검사상 대부분 호전을 보인다.