한국현대소설의 반어(反語, irony) 기법 연구

권오현 한국어문학회 2005 語文學 Vol.0 No.87

The aim of this study is to explore techniques of irony in modern Korean fiction and to explicate cases in which these techniques apply as a writing method. We will examine the correct definition of irony so as to understand the aspects of literary works written under the principles of irony. Yu-Jeong Kim's novels and Man-Sik Chae's in the 1930s are worth being compared in this respect. We learn from the result of the comparison that irony with pathos shifts to humor and that with scorn to satire. On the other hand, Kwang-Yong Jeon's works and Jeong-Hyeon Nam's in the 1960s are compared to reveal that the alienate effects appear as a result of irony's affection on candidness, and that irony affecting on grotesqueness leads to empathy. It is generally assumed that irony is a technique of expressing the opposite of a word's apparent meaning. However, this is a partial aspect of irony, called verbal irony. Irony doesn't confine itself to the characters' sporadic utterances, but appears constantly and ultimately. It represents itself as situational irony rather than verbal irony. The difference between verbal and situational irony lies in the aspects of their meaning transmission. The meaning of verbal irony is transmitted to the reader under the assumption that both the narrator and the hearer know what is the intention, while that of situational irony is sent to the reader under the assumption that the narrator never knows what is intended. Situational irony can be subdivided into structural irony and dramatic irony. The former is connected to caricature-making so as to produce humor and satire. For example, Yu-Jeong Kim makes humor embodied through pathos to a naive hero and Man-Sik Chae completes satire by scorning an unreliable narrator. On the other hand, Kwang-Yong Jeon presents tragic irony appropriately, and hence makes the alienate effect operated without grotesqueness and inconsequence. Jeong-Hyeon Nam uses comedic irony, which doesn't make the reader scornful but leads him to feel empathy. In this comedic irony, the reader learns his estrangement from the universe. If one perceives irony, he perceives the duality of things and events. Furthermore, the perception of irony embodied in fiction means the perception of the duality of the universe. Thus, it is important to understand irony as a method of novel-writing because it sheds light on the way to explicate principles of writing.

Lettuce leaves에 접종된 Foodborne Pathogen에 대한 Aerosolized Peroxyacetic Acid의 살균 효과

오세욱,강동현,O, Se-Uk,Gang, Dong-Hyeon 한국식품연구원 2005 食品技術 Vol.18 No.2

As an alternative to gaseous sanitizer which having penetrating and diffusing capacities, aerosolsanitizer’s effect on killing pathogens was investigated. To test the efficacy of aerosolized sanitizer, peroxyacetic acid was aerosolized($5.42-11.42\mum$) by nebulizer(Royal-G Enterprise, ShenZhen,China) in a model cabinet against artificially inoculated target microorganisms on lettuce. Lettuceleaves were inoculated with a cocktail of three strains each of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeriamonocytogenes, and Salmonella Typhimurium and treated with sanitizer aerosol for 10 min, 30 and60 min in a model aerosol cabinet at room temperature($22\pm2^\circC$). After treatment, surviving cellsincluding injured cells were enumerated on appropriate selective agar or using the over-lay agar method, respectively. Inoculated lettuce leaves exposed to antimicrobial aerosol for 10 min experienceda 0.8 log reduction in E. coli O157:H7, a 0.3 log reduction in Salmonella Typhimurium and a 2.5 logreduction in L. monocytogenes when compared to the control. After 30 min treatment, the threepathogens were reduced in number of CFU by 2.2, 3.3, and 2.7-log and after 60 min, the reductions were 3.4, 4.5, and 3.8-log, respectively. Aerosolization can be new antimicrobial agents deliverysystem in food sanitizing.

고순도 타이타늄 에톡사이드 합성에 관한 연구

김기주,양오봉,소현수 한국공업화학회 2000 응용화학 Vol.4 No.1

The synthetic method of conventional titanium alkoxide had used a benzene for solvent and liquid ammonia to remove Cl^- ion. However, there are so many researches to find alternative solvent and removal agent of chloride ion, because of the drawback of benzene which has been known as a carcinogen and liquid ammonia that is very expensive and dangerous. Synthesis of titanium ethoxide was carried out as a function of solvent, odor of synthesis and amount of alcohol for synthesis of Ti(O-C₂H_5)₄ and used triethylamine (N(C₂H_5)₃) instead of ammonia for the removal of Cl^- ion. Maximum yield of 81.4% was achieved under the condition as follows: heptane for solvent and injected alcohol of 4 ㏖, 2 ㏖ at a time, in a reactor for 15 minutes. The stretching vibrations of (C-O)Ti were observed at wavenumber(㎝^(-1)) of 1100 ㎝^(-1) and 1050 ㎝^(-1), which was typical characteristic peaks of titanium ethoxide.

Monoethanolamine 鹽酸鹽의 結晶構造

구정회,이오재,신현소,Koo, Chung Hoe,Lee, O Jae,Sin, Hyeon So 대한화학회 1972 대한화학회지 Vol.16 No.1

The crystal structure of monoethanolamine hydrochloride is triclinic P1 with two formula units in a cell of dimensions a = $4.42\pm0.02$, b = $7.44\pm0.02$, c = $7.48\pm0.02$, $\alpha$ = $102.4\pm0.3$, $\beta$ = $91.1\pm0.3$, $\gamma$ = $77.2\pm0.3^{\circ}.$ The configuration of monoethanolamine is a gauche form with dihedral angle, $90^{\circ}$. The nitrogen atom forms four hydrogen bonds, three to Cl- ions(3.15, 3.24, $3.28\AA)$ and one to a hydroxyl group of another molecule (N${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$O, $2.90{\AA})$. The oxygen also forms two such bonds, one to a Cl- ion $(3.14\AA)$, one to an amine group of another molecule (O${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$N, $2.90{\AA}).$ Molecules are linked into two-dimensional network by hydrogen bonds.

Medicinal Chemistry : RESEARCH ARTICLE ; Selective induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 2B activity by leelamine in vivo, as potent novel inducer

( Ju Hee Kim ),( Woong Sik Nam ),( Doo Hyun Lee ),( Su Youn Lee ),( Hung Chan O ),( Jeong Min Joo ),( Kwang Hyeon Liu ),( Jae Yun Han ),( Sung Hwan Ki ),( Tae Cheon Jeong ),( Tae Ho Lee ),( Sang Kyu L 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2015 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.25 No.-

Cytochrome P450 (cyp) is an important enzyme that can act on xenobiotic substances such as toxic chemicals or drugs. Phenobarbital(PB) has been widely used to induce CYP2B activity to investigate the drug-drug interaction of CTP2B substrate drugs.leelamine is a diterpene compound, and is the current focus of efforts to develop a treatment for diabetes. In this study. we identi-fied the selective and potent inductive effct of leelamine on CYP2B antdoes of 5,10,or 20 mg/kg in male ICR micc for I or 3 days. In liver, the activity of CYP2B significantly increased 3.6-fold after treatment with leelamine,com-pared to vehicle-treated group. Activities of benzyloxy-resorufin O-dealkylase and pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase significantly increased 6.3-and 5.3-fold, respectively,with a single treatment of 20 mg/kg leelamine for I day. Fur-thermore. immunoblot analysis showed that signifieantly and dose-dependently increased CYP2B10 protein levels in liver.However,PCR results showed that there were no significant changes in the CAR and CYP2B mRNA levels after leelamine treatment. Accordingly, we suggest that leelamine is a novel substitute of PB for the seleetive inudction of CYP2B activity in vivo.

신장 조직검사를 통해 진단된 Fabry Disease

옥재욱 ( Og Jae Ug ),최기현 ( Choe Gi Hyeon ),오재인 ( O Jae In ),권건호 ( Kwon Geon Ho ),양동호 ( Yang Dong Ho ),김경수 ( Kim Gyeong Su ),이용희 ( Lee Yong Hui ) 대한신장학회 2001 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.20 No.6

Fabry disease, angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, is a rare X-linked inborn error of glycosphingolipid metabolism due to the lack of the lysosomal enzyme, α-galactosidase A, resulting in a progressive deposition of specific neutral glycosphingolipids within the lysosomes of endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the cardiovascular and renal systems predominantly. We reported a case of Fabry disease, following renal biopsy for the investigation of proteinuria(Creatinine clearance 87.28 mL/min/1.73, serum creatinine 1.1 mg/dL, 24-hour urine protein 1,125 mg, 24-hour urine creatinine 1,382 mg). The patient was 46 year old male. He had experienced anterior chest pain regarded as angina pectoris for a few years. A 12- lead electrocardiogram was abnormal(T-wave inversion in II, III, AVF, and V3-V6), but echocardiography and coronary angiography revealed no abnormal. Kidney biopsy findings showed lamella inclusion bodies on electron microscopy, which are typical finding of Fabry disease. The patient is followed at O.P.D without any significant complaints for 18 months after diagnosis of Fabry disease.

갑상선 수질암종과 유두암종의 동시 발생된 1례

고진우,김도형,김미경,김현옥,최영식 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

저자들은 태생학적 기원, 면역조직화학적, 분자생물학적으로 완전히 별개의 암종인 갑상선 수질암종과 유두암종이 동시에 동일한 갑상선에 발생하는 매우 드문 사례를 경험하였고 이러한 현상이 우연한 동시 발생인지, 공통의 줄기세포 기원인지 혹은 공통의 암 유발인자에 의한 것인지는 여전히 논쟁의 여지를 남겨두고 있다. It is generally believed that the origins of medullary and papillary carcinoma of thyroid are embryologically different. So mixed medullary-papillary thyroid carcinomas are rare. The two separate tumors of the present case may be coincidental double primaries. It can be assumed that at least some of the mixed papillary and parafollicular cell carcinomas are results of collision of carcinomas derived from two embryogenetically different cell types. Recently, we experienced a case of mixed medullary-papillary thyroid carcinomas. A 50-year-old woman was found to have mixed medullary thyroid carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma on the same lobe with lymph node metastases. We report a this case with literature review

온주밀감의 수체부위에 따른 질소 함량 및 집적량

강영길,유장걸,오현도,오상호 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1998 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.15 No.-

온주밀감에 있어 질소 시비법 개선의 기초자료로 활용하고자 흑색화산회토에 재식된 8년생 궁천조생 16 그루를 대상으로 수체부위별 건물중, N 함량, N 축적량, 건물중 및 N 축적량의 수체부위별 분포비율 등을 조사·분석한 견과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 그루당 건물중은 7.2~12.6 kg의 범위에 있었고 평균이 10.3 kg, CV가 16.5%이었다. 수체부위별 평균 건물중 분포비율은 뿌리에 총건물중의 22.6%, 줄기에 38.8%, 잎에 14.9%, 과실에 23.7%가 분포되어 있었다. 그루간 수체부위별 건물중 분포비율의 CV는 잎에서 가장 적었고(7.8%) 근간 및 수간에서 매우 컸다(38.5 및 42.6%). 2. 나무 전체 평균 N 함량은 1.13%이었고 뿌리, 줄기, 잎, 과실의 평균 N 함량은 각각 0.96, 0.75. 2.58, 0.99%이였으며, 세근, 녹지의 N 함량은 각각 1.83, 1.18%로 비교적 많은 편이었다. 수체부위별 N 함량의 CV는 4.3~14.6%로 건물중에 비하여 현저히 낮았고 잎(6.8%), 과육(4.6%), 과피(5.5%)에서 적었으나 녹지에서는 14.6%로 컸다. 3. 그루당 N 축적량은 80~145 9의 범위에 있었고 평균이 116 g이었는데, 뿌리에 N 총축적량의 19.3%, 줄기에 25.9%, 잎에 34.0%, 과실에 20.8%가 분포되어 있었다. 뿌리내 N 축적량의 16.4, 32.6, 51.0%가 각각 근간(stock), 중·대근, 세근에, 줄기내 N 축적량의 12.2, 19.8, 26 2, 41.8%가 각각 수간, 대지, 중지, 녹지에, 과실 N 축적량의 68.5%가 과육에 집적되어 있었다. 그루간 수체부위별 N 축적량의 CV는 수체부위별 건물중 분포비율에서와 대체로 비슷한 경향이었다. Dry weight, N content and accumulation, and the distribution of dry weight and N accumulation in various plant parts of sixteen 8-year old Satsuma mandarin trees (Citrus unshiu Marc. Cv. Miyakawa Wase) grown in volcanic ash soil were determined in December 1997 to obtain some information for improving N fertilization. Dry weight per tree ranged from 7.2 to 12.6 kg and averaged 10.3 kg (CV 16.5%) Roots, stems, leaves and fruits had 22.6, 38.8, 14.9, and 23.7% of total dry weight, respectively. The coefficient of variability for leaf dry weight distribution among 16 trees was least (7.8%) while the CV for stock and trunk dry weights great (38.5 and 42.6%, respectively). Average N content for whole tree, roots, stems, leaves and fruits had 1.13, 0.96, 0.75, 2.58 and 0.99%, respectively. Fine roots and twigs also had higher N content with 1.83 and 1.18%, respectively. The coefficient of variability for N content in the various parts of trees ranged from 4.3 (fruits) to 14.6% (twigs) and was much smaller than the CV for dry weight and N accumulation. Nitrogen accumulation per tree ranged from 80 to 145 g and averaged 116 g. Whole roots, stems, leaves and fruits had 19.3, 25.9, 34.0, and 20.8% of total N accumulation of whole tree, respectively. Stock, medium-big roots, and fine roots had 16.4. 32.6, and 51.0% of total N accumulation in whole roots, respectively, while trunk, big and medium branches, and twigs 12.2, 19.8, 26.2 and 41.8% of N accumulated in whole stems, respectively, and pulp 68.5% of N accumulated in whole fruit. The coefficients of variability for N a cumulation distribution among 16 trees had similar trend with dry weight distribution.

LKY-047: First Selective Inhibitor of Cytochrome P450 2J2

Phuc, Nguyen Minh,Wu, Zhexue,O, Yuseok,Lee, Jee-Hyun,Oh, Sangtaek,Song, Gyu-Yong,Liu, Kwang-Hyeon American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental 2017 Drug metabolism and disposition Vol.45 No.7

<P>Highly selective cytochrome P450 CYP2J2 (CYP2J2) inhibitors suitable for reaction phenotyping are currently not available. (7S)-(+)-(4-Nitro-phenyl)-acrylic acid, 8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-6,7-dihydro2H, 8H-pyrano[ 3,2-g] chromen-7-yl-ester (LKY-047), a decursin derivative, was synthesized, and its inhibitor potencies toward CYP2J2 as well as other cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes in human liver microsomes (HLM) were evaluated. LKY-047 was demonstrated to be a strong competitive inhibitor of CYP2J2-mediated astemizole O-demethylase and terfenadine hydroxylase activity, with K-i values of 0.96 and 2.61 mu M, respectively. It also acted as an uncompetitive inhibitor of CYP2J2-mediated ebastine hydroxylation with a K-i value of 3.61 mu M. Preincubation of LKY-047 with HLMs and NADPH did not alter inhibition potency, indicating that it is not a mechanism-based inhibitor. LKY-047 was found to be a selective CYP2J2 inhibitor with no inhibitory effect on other human P450s, such as CYPs 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A (IC50 > 50 mu M). These in vitro data support the use of LKY-047 as a selective CYP2J2 inhibitor with potential application in the identification of P450 isoforms responsible for drug metabolism in reaction phenotyping assays.</P>

Electrochemical Performance of High-Voltage LiMn_0.8Fe_0.2PO₄ Cathode with Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte

( O. Hyeon Kwon ),( Jae-kwang Kim ) 한국화학공학회 2019 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.57 No.4

Electrochemical properties of LiMn_0.8Fe_0.2PO₄ cathode were investigated with gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). To access fast and efficient transport of ions and electrons during the charge/discharge process, a pure and well-crystallized LiMn_0.8Fe_0.2PO₄ cathode material was directly synthesized via spray-pyrolysis method. For high operation voltage, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based gel polymer electrolyte was then prepared by electrospinning process. The gel polymer electrolyte showed high ionic conductivity of 2.9 × 10^-3 S cm^-1 at 25 °C and good electrochemical stability. Li/GEP/ LiMn_0.8Fe_0.2PO₄ cell delivered a discharge capacity of 159 mAh g^-1 at 0.1 C rate that was close to the theoretical value (170 mAh g^-1). The cell allows stable cycle performance (99.3% capacity retention) with discharge capacity of 133.5 mAh g^-1 for over 300 cycles at 1 C rate and exhibits high rate-capability. PAN-based gel polymer is a suitable electrolyte for application in LiMn_0.8Fe_0.2PO₄/Li batteries with perspective in high energy density and safety.