IL 의사소통책략과정과 책략반응

황용수 대구대학교 인문과학 예술문화연구소 1998 人文科學硏究 Vol.17 No.-

An Interlanguage consists of L1 and L2 components, including a wide variety of psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic and other cultural aspects of source and target languages. In view of the Creative Construction Continumm, the interim or the learner's target language system manifests a wide rage of strategic devices caused by the users' desire to overcome their lack of TL knowledge. In this study, the Korean English learners were chosen as the subjects to be tested on their employment of IL production strategies. The analyses were made on the basis of the categorical classification of strategic responses from the subjects who were given both several concrete and abstract concepts. The linguistic categorical classification suggested by the author are as follows: ER(Expected Reponses) = COR(Communicative Responses) + AV(Avoidance) COR = CR(Correct responses) + IL SR( Strategic Responses) IL SR = L1 SR + L2 SR The simple paradigm proved effective in sorting the responses, especially those based on the IL linguistic knowlege as expected. The analysis revealed that L1 SR's roughly encompass (1) referential and conceptional transfers (2) functional transfer (3) semem order transfer and (4) breach of register, where as L2 SR's mostly include (1) substitutions (2) generalization (3) descriptions and (4) word coinage. The proposed cetegorical paradigm suffers limitation in that it can not be easily applied to the analyses of other important strategic aspects such as psychological and cultural-oriented strategic phenomena.

두개강내 혈종을 동반한 전이성 융모막암종 : 증례보고 Case Report

황수현,이현석,박용규,박인성,김은상,정진명,한종우 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.8

The authors report 2 cases of metastatic choriocarcinoma associated with intracranial hemorrhage One of them had intracranial hemorrhage on the right frontal lobe and the other one developed intracranial hemorrhage and enhancing mass on the parietal lobe revealed by admission brain CT They had rebled intracranially 2 and 3 times respectively. Even though the patients had recieved intracranial decompressive operations. they eventually died of intracranial rebleeding or hemothorax. respectively. These tumors generally occur in women of childbearing age and commonly produce signs and symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage or brain tumor Metastatic choriocarcinoma of the brain is a curable lesion. Cure is generally achieved by extirpation of the tumor chemotherapy. and irradiation of the site of the cerebral metastasis. The two cases in this report have been unsuccessful in their management.

납노출지표와 적혈구내 protein kinase C 활성도의 연관성

황규윤,황보영,안현철,김용배,리갑수,이성수,안규동,이병국 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.4

목적 : Protein kinase C는 칼슘-인지질 의존형인산화 효소로 'H VJ'tfO에서 납에 의하여 활성화되지만, 납에 노출된 인체내에서 그 영향을 평가한 경우는 얼다. 본 연구의 목적은 납에 직업적으로 노출되는 근로자를 대상으로 납 노출이 적혈구막의 단백질내에서 PKC 활성에 의한 인산화 수준에 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1998년부터 국내 납 근로자를 대상으로 납에 의한 건강 영향조사가 4년간의 코호트 연구로 실행하였다. 1차년도에 630명의 납 근로자와 135명의대조군이 조사되었고 이들중 본 연구에서는 직업적노출이 되는 사업장에 근무하는 212명의 근로자를대상하였다. 156명의 남자와 56명의 여자 근로자를 대상으로 인구학적, 과거병력, 직업력 등을 구조화된 설문과 면접으로 조사되었고 납 노출 평가는 혈중 납농도 및 ZPP, 경골중 납농도를 측정하였다. PKC의 활성도는 적혈구막 단백질내 PKC 의존형인산화 수준으로 평가하였다. 적혈구막 단백질인spectrin과 band 4.9의 후인산화수준을 측정하여각 납 노출지표(혈중 납, ZPP, 경골중 납. 노출기간)와의 관련성은 다중회귀분석을 이용하였다. 결과 : 조사대상자의 평균(SD) 연령은39.1(10.0)세, 근무기간은 8.1(6.5)년 이었으며, 경골중 납농도는 범위가 0.8에서 290.8 trg Pb/gbone mineral로 평근(SD) 34.4(35.2) rig Pb/gbone mineral이었다. 적혈구막 단백질의 후인산화수준은 개인간 변이가 매우 컸으며, spectrin은 평균(SD) 540 7(304.1), band 4.9 SfkDa는198.6(78.2), 48 kDa는 247.7(83.3) PSL이었다.경골중 납농도와 노출 기간은 이들 후인산화 수준과역상관성을 보였으나(p(0.05), 혈중 납 농도와 ZPP는 상관성이 없었다(p)0.05). 가능성 있는 혼란변수를 통제한 상태에서도 경골중 납 농도와 노출기간은 이들 후인산화수준과 유의한 회귀계수를 나타내었다. 결론 : 만성적 납 노출에 의하여 적혈구내 PKC활성도는 영향을 받아 증가되어있는 것으로 평가되어 적혈구막 단백질의 인산화수준은 납의 노출지표로 이용될 수 있을 것이다. 납의 신경독성은 부분적으로 PKC의 활성도왁 관련되어 있을 기전을 배제하기 어렵기 때문에 PfC 활성도와 신경행동학적 기능과의 관련성 평가가 진행되어야 할 것이다. Objectives : Protein kinase C(PKC) , a calcium and phospholipid dependent enzyme, is activated by lead in vitro at picomolar concentrations. However, the effect of lead on PKC has never been studied in a human population. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether lead exposure was associated with PKC mediated-phosphorylation in erythrocytes among lead workers. Methods : Two hundred and twelve lead workers were studied. To determine the levels of phosphorylation ir vivo, an in vivo back phosphorylation technique was used by adding PKC and γ-32P to preparations of erythrocyte membranes. We measured back phosphorylations of erythrocyte membrane proteins, spectrin, and 52 kDa and 48 kDa, as an indirect measure of PKC activation if vivo. Results : The mean(SD) age and exposure duration was 39.1(10.0) years and 8.1(6.5) years, respectively. Tibial lead ranged from 0.8 to 290.8 μg Pb/g bone mineral with a mean (SD) of 34.4(35.2) μg Pb/g bone mineral. The means(SD) of back phosphorylation levels of the three proteins were 540.7(304.1), 198.6(78.2), and 247.7(83.3) photostimulated luminescence units (PSL), respectively, by phosphoimager. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, tibial lead and exposure duration were significantly and inversely associated with back phosphorylation levels. One unit of increase in tibial lead (1 μg Pb/g bone mineral) is associated with a decline in spectrin, band 4.9 52 kDa, and band 4.9 48 kDa back phosphorylation levels by 1.4(p〈0.05), 0.34(p〈0.05), and 0.47(p〈0.01), respectively However, there were no associations between the back phosphorylation levels and either blood lead or ZPP levels. Conclusions : These findings suggest that the PKC activity in erythrocytes is increased by chronic lead exposure and that erythrocyte membrane protein phosphorylation may be a biomarker of lead exposure.

LDD 구조의 다결정 실리콘 박막 트랜지스터의 특성과 최적화

황한욱,황성수,김용상 명지대학교 대학원 1998 대학원논문집 Vol.2 No.-

We have fabricated a LDD structured polysilicon thin film transistor with low leakge current and be optimized LDD length has been obtained. The device performance is improved by hydrogen passivation process. The on/off current ratio of poly-Si TFT's with 0.5㎛ and 1.0㎛ LDD length is much higher than that of conventional structured device due to the decrease of leakage current. The optimized LDD length may be 0.5㎛ from the experimental data such as on/off current ratio, threshold voltage and hydrogenation effect.

방광질루 치험

황선태,이종찬,양상국,김홍섭,노용수 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1996 건국의과학학술지 Vol.5 No.-

Vesicovaginal fistula is a distressing complication which may follow hysterectomy, prolonged labor, chemical cauterization due to uterine prolapse, radiation therapy and cervix cancer. The management of vesicovaginal fistula still remains controversial in regard to the type of approach and timing of repair but the classic opinion is to wait 3 to 6 months to allow the surgical inflammatory reaction to subside. We experienced 4 cases of vesicovaginal fistula which were as follows; Case 1: 51-year-old The vesicovaginal fistula, about 3.0cm in diameter, after laparascopic hysterectomy 15 days ago was repaired with interposition of a gracilis muscle flap via the transvaginal route. Case 2: 38-year-old The vesicovagianl fistula, about 2.5cm in diameter, after Cesarean section 5 years ago was repaired with interposition of the omental flap via the transabdominal route because she had been accompanied by an overian cyst. Case 3: 46-year-old The vesicovaginal fistula, about 2.5cm in diameter, after manual self abortion at home 30 years ago was repaired with interposition of fibro-fatty tissue in labia via the transvaginal route. Case 4: 43-year-old The vesicovaginal fistula, about 2.0cm in diameter, after prolonged labor 12 years ago was repaired with interposition of the fibro-fatty tissue in labia via the transvaginal route. There noted no complications or recurrence during the minimal 1 year follow-up.

수소화를 고려한 다결정 실리콘 박막 트랜지스터의 전기적 스트레스의 영향

황성수,황한욱,김용삼 명지대학교 대학원 1999 대학원논문집 Vol.3 No.-

We have investigated the effects of electrical stress on poly-Si TFTs with different hydrogen passivation conditions. The amounts of threshold voltage shift of hydrogen passivated poly-Si TFTs are much larger than those of as-fabricated devices both under the gate bias stressing and under the gate and drain bias stressing. Also, we have quantitatively analyzed the degradation phenomena using by analytical method we have suggested that the electron trapping in the gate dielectric is the dominant degradation mechanism in only gate bias stressed poly-Si TFT while the creation of defects in the channel region and poly-Si/SiO_2 interface is prevalent in gate and drain bias stressed device.

菊花의 消費水量에 대하여

黃龍鎭,鄭汶銖,宋錫銀 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1992 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.5 No.-

菊花의 消費水量을 調査하기 위하여 溫室內에서 灌水의 水準을 FC-PF 2.0, FC-PF 2.2, FC-PF 2.4의 水準으로 灌水하여 그 消費水量을 구한 結果 1. 灌水의 水準別 消費水量은 平均 FC-PF 2.0에서 3.1mm/day FC-PF 2.2 水準에서 2.6mm/day, FC-PF 2.4의 水準에서 2.2.mm/day이고 最大 1日 蒸發散量은 FC-PF 2.0 水準에서 4.7mm/day, FC-PF 2.2의 水準에서 3.5mm/day, FC-PF 2.4의 水準에서는 2.8mm/day이다. 2. 줄기의 伸長率은 9月 10日을 基準으로 FC-PF 2.0의 水準에서는 9月下旬에 1.91, 10月中旬에 2.58, 11月中旬에 2.84이고 FC-PF 2.2의 水準에서는 9月下旬에 1.78, 10月中旬에 2.51, 11月中旬에 2.73이며, FC-PF 2.4의 水準에서 9月下旬에 1.86, 10月中旬에 2.26, 11月中旬에 2.69였다. 3. 1回의 灌水量은 12.3mm이고, 間斷灌水日數는 4日이였다. The purpose of this study is to find out the basic data for irrigation plans of Chrysamthmum during the growing period. The experiment pots were arranged with three irrigation level (FC-PF 2.0, FC-PF 2.2, FC-PF 2.4) for Chrysanthmum. 1. The comsumptive use of water for irrigation level were 3.1mm/day at FC-PF 2.0, 2.6mm/day at FC-PF 2.2 and 2.2mm/day at FC-PF 2.4. The value of maximum evapotranspiration for one day were 4.7mm/day at FC-PF 2.0, 3.5mm/day at FC-PF 2.2 and 2.8mm/day at FC-PF 2.4 for each irrigation level. 2. The relative ratio of stem length, compared with that of standard time point Sep. 10, were 1.92 on last of Sep., 2.58 on medium of Oct., 2.84 on last of Nov. at FC-PF 2.0, 1.78 on last of Sep., 2.51 on medium of Oct., 2.73 on medium of Nov. at FC-PF 2.2 and 1.86 on last of Sep., 2.26 on medium of Oct., 2.69 on medium of Nov. at FC-PF 2.4 for each irrigation level. 3. Maximum water quantity of one time irrigation were 12.3mm and irrigation interval were 4 days.

L₂습득이론과 외국어 교육

황용수 대구대학교 인문과학연구소 1995 人文科學硏究 Vol.13 No.-

This paper was aimed at overviewing the influence of L₂ acquisition theories and their applied models on both the naturalistic and the formal SLA(Second Language Acquisition). Most of its presentation is not new, but the efforts to explain more clearly the existing theories and their applicational possibility should deserve reconsideration, since plethora of theories, methods, models and approaches may have led to serious misunderstanding of the realities. The CA(Contrastive Analysis) hypothesis, which has been under rather harsh criticism for its fallible aspects, has recently attracted renewed attention for its various affirmative points. The merits include its possible application in theory and practice to the second or foreign language education in a new approach; the new interpretation of its original idea can directly be linked to the creative structure theory and its educational approaches. The survey is summarized as follows; the input of linguitic resources preceding the process of intake can desirably be controlled by well-prepared instruction; the assumption that the built-in syllabus exclusively controls the acquisition route has proved vulnerable; and other factors, social or psychological, have been found in empirical studies to play important roles in the developmental process.

상관기 진폭 보상에 따른 판별력 조사

황수용,이상이,김남선 서울産業大學校 1996 논문집 Vol.44 No.1

광 JTC는 실시간 상관 시스템에 응용이 가능하다는 장점에 반하여 위상 혹은 진폭성분만을 별도로 처리하기는 어려운 상태에 있었으나, 최근 POC와 POF에 유사한 상관특성을 나타낼수 있는 광 BPEJTC, HPEJTC등이 제안되면서 위상과 진폭이 별도로 처리될 수 있게 되었다. 그러나, 이러한 시스템들은 위상과 진폭이 상관성능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는재 평가하기는 어려운 상태에 있었다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 진폭이나 위상 성분의 비중을 변동시키며 상관성능을 분석 할 수 있는 것으로 ACMF를 기초로 하는 JTC 시스템인 ACJTC를 수학적 해석을 통해 비교분석하였다. ACJTC는 ACMF의 특성상 위상과 진폭 성분의 비중을 가변시킬수 있으므로 잡음 및 유사표적에 대하여 우수한 상관 판벽력을 나타내게 된다. 이러한 특성을 조사하기 위해 자연게 배경에 다중 표적 영상을 주기적으로 배치하고 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션하였으며, 광 JTC를 통한 실시간 상관 시스템의 구현 가능성을 제시하였다. The optical JTC system has the advantage of being applied to the real-time correlation system, but it has some difficulties that is amplitude and phase signals cannot be separately processed. Recently to solve those problems the BPEJTC and HPEJTC systems having the same characteristics of that of the POC and POF have been proposed. But there is no quantitive analysis how much the amplitude and phase signals are contributed to the correlation outputs respectively. In this paper, a ACJTC system based on the conventional ACMF is discussed through the mathematical analysis. The good correlation discrimination of the system is also analyzed by changing the relative contribution of the phase and amplitude signals for some similar targets. From the successful computer simulation results on the scenario where three same targets are periodically located on the nature background, the possibility of the high performance real-time correlation system based on the optical ACJTC is suggested.

信用狀 通知銀行과 買入銀行에 대한 開設銀行의 地位

黃龍周,崔斗壽 인제대학교 1996 仁濟論叢 Vol.12 No.2

The essence of letter of credit transaction is conditional definite payment undertaking of the issuing bank, so in transaction with letter of credit, the existence of the issuing bank is essential. In this content, the role of the issuing bank is discussed by examining the relation among advising bank and negotiating bank out of monetary settling bank, that is parties concerned with letter of credit. First, advising bank has the trustship, representation and order for the issuing bank. The advising bank has the obligation to inform the content of L/C according to the ask and order of the issuing bank. The advising bank should have the close examination about the truth of outward show when he informs that. Second, negotiating bank acquires the right to ask reparation to advising bank according to the definte payment undertaking and reimbursement undertaking when he receives the bill of exchange from beneficiary. The issuing bank present the bill of exchange and shipping documents from beneficiary to issuing bank. The issuing bank has the legal relations about rights and obligations of the parties like advising bank and negotiating bank with monetary settling bank. And they have importer and exporter as customers respectively under the conditions of international trade transaction, so the issuing bank has huge effect on the whole transactions. The issuing bank should examine the documents from exporter to receive the suitable products in time with the regulations of L/C consistent to the monetary relations, let the exporter to receive the money in his residence with the definite payment undertaking under the conditions of L/C. In conclusion, the issuing bank should solve the probable problem of inconsistency of the time for safety of receiving the money and receiving the products, that functions for satisfactory international sale transactions.