Hyaluronic Acid Stimulated Enterocytic Differentiation of Intestinal Stem Cells and Enhanced Enteroid Grafting on Scaffolds

Siu Chung Ha,Ya-Hui Tsai,Shinn-Gwo Hong,Yun Chen,Chao-Ling Yao 한국생물공학회 2023 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.28 No.3

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the main components of the extracellular matrix, and functions as a stabilizing molecule for cell-niche interactions. Although the mechanism of HA in supporting cell attachment is debatable, HA-based scaffolds are increasingly being applied in tissue engineering owing to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. HA reportedly enhances the intestinal growth in postnatal mice. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of HA on intestinal stem cells (ISCs) using an in vitro enteroid culture system. A high-concentration of HA (0.5 mg/mL) significantly lowered the proliferative activity of ISCs with decreased enteroid-forming efficiency compared to the control ISCs. In contrast, a low-concentration of HA (0.1 mg/mL) did not affect the enteroid-forming efficiency of ISCs, but up regulated markers of enterocytic differentiation, villin, and HA receptor, CD44 and TLR4, in the enteroid cells. When enteroid fragments were seeded on an intestinal submucosa bioscaffold, HA treatment enhanced the growth and differentiation of enteroid cells on the material with a high villin expression level in the cell grafts. These results suggest that HA treatment is effective in promoting enterocytic differentiation of ISCs and enteroid grafting on scaffolds.

Valuation of ecosystem services in the organic carbon of the Pinus densiflora forest at Mt. Namsan, Seoul Metropolitan City

Lee, Eung-Pill,Lee, Soo-In,Jeong, Heon-Mo,Han, Young-Sub,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Park, Jae-Hoon,Jang, Rae-Ha,Hong, Youg-Sik,Jung, Young-Ho,Kim, Eui-Joo,Lee, Sang-Hun,You, Young-Han The Ecological Society of Korea 2019 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.43 No.4

Background: Standing biomass, litter production, rate of litter decomposition, amount of litter on forest floor, and amount of soil organic carbon distribution were investigated from March 2016 to November 2018 in order to evaluate the ecosystem value through organic carbon distribution in the Pinus densiflora forest at Namsan, Seoul Metropolitan City. Results: The amount of organic carbon in the Pinus densiflora forest was 261.09 ton C ha^-1 during the research period, and fixed organic carbon in plant through net photosynthesis was 3.2 ton C ha^-1 year^-1. The organic carbon in plant was 62.77 ton C ha^-1 (24.04%), in litter on the forest floor was 3.65 ton C ha^-1 (1.40%), and in soil was 194.67 ton C ha^-1 (74.56%). The value of plant, litter on forest floor, and soil organic carbon distribution were each 6,277,000 won ha^-1, 365, 000 won ha^-1, and 19,467,000 won ha^-1. The value per ton of fixed organic carbon in plant through net photosynthesis was 320,000 won ha^-1 year^-1 and the value of ecosystem services stored in carbon in the Namsan forest ecosystem was about 26.1 million won ha^-1 for 3 years. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the pine forests of Namsan rapidly decompose leaves due to the high atmospheric temperature and accumulate a large amount of organic carbon in the soil to provide climate control regulatory service function.

이동 환경에서 멀티캐스트 적용 방안

홍형섭(Hyung-Seop Hong),하정락(Jeoung-Lak Ha),현은희(Eun-Hee Hyun),김상하(Sang-Ha Kim) 한국정보과학회 2001 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.2Ⅲ

Mobile IP(MIP)[1] Working Group에서 제안하고 있는 멀티캐스트 적용 방안에는 크게 HA기반 라우팅과 FA기반 라우팅으로 구분된다. HA기반 라우팅 방법은 멀티캐스트 패킷을 HA에서 터널링하는 방법을 사용하므로 경로의 최적화가 이루어지지 않게 되며 터널 집중화 현상이 발생하게 된다. FA기반 라우팅 방법은 이동 호스트의 핸드오프가 일어날 때마다 멀티캐스트 트리의 재구성이 필요하므로 많은 오버헤드가 발생하지만 경로 최적화는 얻을 수 있다. 본 논문은 HA기반 라우팅과 FA기반 라우팅 방안을 절충한 새로운 멀티캐스트 제공 방안을 제안한다. MH의 이동이 빈번한 마이크로 레벨에서는 HA기반 라우팅을 이용하고, MH의 이동 거리가 큰 매크로 레벨에서는 경로 최적화를 위하여 새로운 멀티캐스트 트리를 재구성함으로써 보다 효율적 멀티캐스트 서비스가 가능한 메커니즘의 프로토타입을 제안한다.

디젤엔진 代替燃料源으로서의 쉬나무의 造林學的인 特性에 關한 硏究

洪性珏,李麗夏,崔圭洪 建國大學校附設 農業資源開發硏究所 1983 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

쉬나무의 種實油는 디젤엔진의 代替燃料源으로서 그 가능성이 높은 것으로 알려지고 있는 바, 쉬나무의 栽培에 필요한 造林學的 特性을 알기 위하여, 本 硏究는 쉬나무의 自然分布地, 種實 및 木材生産性, 實生苗 및 接木苗 生産方法, 耐寒性度의 季節的 變異에 대해 調査하여, 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 推定年齡이 70∼150年生인 쉬나무들이 南部에서 中部에 이르기까지 넓게. 그러나 宮터, 古宮의 庭園, 農村의 마을 주변과 같이 제한된 지역에 自然相으로 分布하거나, 人工的으로 植栽되어 있는 것으로 판명되었다. 또한 쉬나무는 山麓部의 土深이 깊은 砂質壤土 및 植質壤土의 土壤에서 根萌芽에 의한 몇몇 群狀稚樹와 함께 孤立木으로 자라며, 母樹 주위에는 後代 實生稚樹의 發生이 드물었다. 쉬나무 實生稚樹 및 그 自然分布가 制限된 것은 自然狀態에서 多量의 種子가 野生鳥類의 먹이로 소비되어 버리고, 그 發芽率이 낮은 것이 주요 원인으로 생각된다. 2. 孤立木에서 樹冠面積(水平面積)에 대한 種字量을 推定했을 때, 年間 ha當 755 kg의 種字가 生産되고, 이로부터 264 kg의 種實油가 生産된다. 樹齡이 확인된 몇몇 나무의 경우, 20 年生 나무의 胸高直徑은 14 cm, 70 年生은 25∼26 cm였다. 樹高生長은 直徑生長과 상관없이 胸高直經 14∼83 cm의 나무의 경우 그 樹高는 6∼13 cm의 변이가 나타났다. 대부분의 大徑木이 主幹에 심한 心材腐朽를 일으켰는데, 그 原因이 凍害로 인한 것인지 또는 그외 다른 原因에 의한 것인지는 밝혀지지 않았다. 서울지방에 자라는 70 年生 나무에 있어서 主幹에는 心材腐朽가 있었으나, 14 年生 가지에는 心材腐朽가 없는 것으로 미루어 보아 지나간 14년간 材部柔組織에는 凍害가 없었음을 알 수 있었다. 木材는 전체적으로 보아 直線木理이나 觸單面에서는 放射柔組織을 중심으로 交叉木理를 갖고 木組織은 치밀하며, 氣乾比重은 2 年生에서 0.66, 70 年生에서 0.77이었다. 3. 種皮의 wax狀物質을 10% 合成洗劑 溶液으로 제거시킨 결과 發芽率이 10∼15%에서 80∼95%로 증가되었다. 70 年生 나무에서 얻은 接穗을 2 年生 台木에 切接으로 接木시킨 결과는 성공적이었다. 台木이 굵을수록 接穗의 生長이 좋았다. 4. 種字産地別로 幼苗의 耐寒性度에는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이와 같이 耐寒性度의 차이가 적은 것은 이 樹種이 蟲媒花이지만 암꽃과 수꽃의 꽃피는 시기가 다르므로 他家受精이 가능하여 집단간에 遺傳子交換이 될 수 있기 때문인 것으로 解析되었다. 1 年生 苗木은 2 年生 苗木보다 耐寒性度가 더 낮은데 이는 1 年生 苗木의 생장기간이 보다 길기 때문에 材部柔組織의 소수의 細胞가 耐寒性 發達이 늦기 때문에 나타난 것으로 생각되었다. 1 年生 苗木의 凍害防止를 위해서는 겨울동안 땅속에 假植을 하는 것이 가장 좋은 방법이다. To know the silvicultural characteristics of Evodia daniellii, of which the seed oil was known to have the high feasibility of fuel substitution for diesel engine, this study investigated the natural distribution of the tree, the productivity of the seed and wood in the natural condition, the production of the seedlings from the seeds and the grafts, and the seasonal variation in cold hardiness of the seedlings from different provenance. The following results were discussed; 1. It appeared that Evodia daniellii, estimated as old as 70-200 years, are naturally distributed and/or artificially planted widely from the southern part up to the middle part of Korea, but in a limited spot such as the site of an ancient castle, the garden of palace and near rural village, and that the trees are growing as an isolated tree with a few progeny near the mother tree, at the site of good soil depth with sandy loam in the lower part of hillside. The limited natural distribution of this species was attributed to large consumption of the seed by feeding the wild birds and low percent germination in the natural condition. 2. The seed produced annually, as estimated by the amount of seed in an isolated tree per the area projected by the crown, averaged 755kg/ha, resulting in 264kg/ha of the seed oil. In some trees of which the age was able to be identified, the diameter growth at the age of 20 years was 14 cm, and 25 to 26 cm at the age of 70 years. The heigh growth was not consistent with the diameter growth or the age and varied from 6 to 13 meter in the trees of diameter 14 to 83 cm. The main stem of most of large diameter trees showed various heart rot damage of which causes were not clear whether it was brought about by freezing or other incidents. In one 70 years-old tree growing in the northern limit of Korea with serious heart rot in the main stem, the 14 year old branch showed no sign of the heart rot, indicating that there has been no freezing injury on the main branch for 14years. The wood had straight grain over all, otherwise interlocked grain around the ray structure on the tangential section, dense texture, specific gravity (air dried) of 0.66 in two year old stem and of 0.77 in 70 year old stem. 3. Removal of wax like material from the surface of the seed coat with 10% solution of synthetic soap promoted the percent germination from 10-15% to 80-95%. The veneer grafting of the scion from the 70 year old tree to 1 to 2 year old stock was successful. The thicker the stock was used, the better the growth of scion was obtained. 4. There was little difference in cold hardiness among seedlings from different provenance. The little difference could be attributed to the out-breeding mechanism, even though this species is pollinated by insects, in that earlier flowering of the male flower than the female one may allow the gene exchange among the population. One year old seedling was less cold hardy than the two year old one. This might be attributed to the slow development in cold hardiness of the small group of cells in the xylem, which was probably resulted from longer growth period of one year old seedling than the older trees. The cold damage of one year old seedlings could be prevented by transplanting them in the soil temporarily during winter

Reversed Effects of Phosphate Fertilizer on Reducing Phytoavailability of Cadmium in Mine Tailing Affected Soil

Hong, Chang-Oh,Chung, Doug-Young,Ha, Byeoung-Yeun,Kim, Pil-Joo The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2005 한국환경농학회지 Vol.24 No.3

To reduce effectively cadmium (Cd) phytoavailability by phosphate in mine tailing affected soil, fused and super phosphate (FSP), a main phosphate fertilizer in South Korea, was selected as phosphate source and then applied at the rates of 0, 78, 390, and 780 $P_2O_5kg\;ha^{-1}$. FSP did not decrease Cd extractability and radish Cd uptake, but increased significantly. The effect of Cd supplement and soil negativity increase through FSP application was not significant. Soil pH decreased markedly with increasing FSP application, which increased significantly soil Cd extractability and radish Cd uptake. As a result, phosphate fertilizer for reducing Cd phtyoavailability in heavy metals contaminated soil should be carefully selected as alkaline type.

승용형 자주식 대파수확기 개발: 시작기(Ⅰ)

홍성하 ( Sungha Hong ),최규홍 ( Kyu-hong Choi ),김재동 ( Jae-dong Kim ),하창섭 ( Chang-seop Ha ) 한국농업기계학회 2019 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.24 No.2

대파는 국내에서 대표적인 조미채소류로 35천 농가에서 10,504 ha를 재배하고 있다(농촌경제연구원, 2017). 대파 생산비 중 고용노력비의 비중이 17%이고, 자가노력비를 포함하면 54.5%로 절대적인 노동집약적인 품목이다(2016년 농축산물소득자료집, 농촌진흥청 2017). 경영비 중에서 농기계·시설임차료가 0.1% 수준에 불과하여 기계화 미진행 상태임을 반증하고 있다. 작업단계별 노동투하시간 분석결과, 수확공정에 42.1시간(총 노력시간의 32.8%)이 소요되는 것으로 분석되었다. 즉 수확작업은 대파재배 전체 작업에서 가장 노동 집약적이고 높은 경비를 차지하는 바 수확작업의 기계화가 시급하다. 대파수확기는 트랙터 부착 견인형 수확기와 궤도식 승용 자주식 수확기로 개발되어 왔다. 본 연구팀에서 트랙터 견인형 대파수확기가 개발한 바 있으나, 농촌의 고령자와 부녀자의 운전상 어려움으로 인해 수확기 및 작업체계의 개선이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 승용 자주식 대파수확기는 동력원, 주행부, 굴취부, 토양분리장치, 이송부, 수집부로 구성하였다. 국내산자탈형 콤바인(4조식)의 엔진(73 ps/ 2,100 rpm), 유압구동장치와 주행부를 이용하고, 예취부와 탈곡·선별부를 제거한 후 주요 수확작업 장치를 탑재한 형식으로 설계 제작하였다. 주행부는 궤도형(폭 450mm)이고, HST 변속기이므로 주행속도를 0∼1.6m/s 조절이 용이하다. 굴취부는 대파의 원활한 수확과 손상이 적도록 두둑을 파쇄해주는 2개의 원판형 쟁기와 경사진 사각형 날을 채택하였고, 토양분리장치는 철재 막대를 활용한 컨베이어형 벨트와 뿌리부의 흙을 털어내는 소형 탈곡통으로 구성하였다. 수확된 대파 줄기를 부드럽게 잡고 수확기 후반부로 이송해주는 이송부는 평벨트에 부드럽고 내구성이 있는 우수한 poly choroprene 고무벨트를 부착하여 제작하였다. 각 부위의 작동과 속도조절은 유압모터와 유량밸브를 이용하였다. 수확기 후방부에 수평이송벨트와 컨테이너상자(1500(W)×1000(L)×1310(H))를 설치하여, 작업자가 이송부 하단부의 수평벨트부에 낙하하는 대파를 모아 수확기 후방의 컨테이너 상자에 담는 작업방식이다. 강원도 평창군 용평면 대파포장에서, 시작기를 이용하여 수확한 결과, 주행속도 1.0∼0.2m/s에서 원활한 수확이 가능함을 확인하였다.

The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Chun, Yoon-Keun,Ha, Joo-hun,Hong-Jung-Woo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Kim, Sung-Soo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yoon-Keun Chun¹,Joohun Ha□Hong-Jung Woo□, Soo Myung Oh□,Sung Soo Kim□ ¹Department of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,²Department of Surgery, college of Medicine,³Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine,and ⁴East-Weat Medical Reserch Institute,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 212-230, 1999. -Hepatitis B is caused by hepadnavirus. Hepatitis B virus replicates through 3.5kb pregenomic RNA intermediate which is regulated by core promoter. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus has been bilieved the result of host immune response. But recently many studies have reported that high level of viral replication caused by mutation in core promoter might result in severs hepatitis. But these studies were performed in vitro, not in vivo. So there is yet debate about which factor, viral of host factor, is more important in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus. So we measured real viral replication level in 204 chronic hepatitis B patients by quantifying HBV DNA from sera by our novel PCR-based more sensitive method, and compared these results with ALT level measured from same sera, which indicates liver cell damage. Surprisingly there are no significant correlation between HBV DNA quantity and ALT level. Then we cloned core promoter region. In SSCP, we found that many viral mutants coexist in one patient. Base on SSCP result, we chose main viral core promoter type in each patients, which is thought to determine overall viral replication level in this patient. Main type of core promoter region of each 41 patients were directly sequenced. And with these we measured promoter activity by luciferase assay system and compared promoter activity with on another. We found tha there were some differences in promoter activity according to core promoter sequences. And we constructed replication-competent viral constructs with core promoter from 41 patients and Transfected these into HepG2 cell and measured HBV DNA by southern blot. There were also differences in HBV DNA quantity according to core promoter sequences. On these all results we investigated correlation between the effect of HBV core promoter on viral replication in vitro and HBN DNA quantity, ALT level from sera of each patients. We found there is no significant correlation among them. As a result, we concluded that in determining severity chronic hepatitis B patients, host factors of each patient is more important rather than replicative activity of virus itself.

분포형 토양침식지도를 이용한 한강상류지역 토양유실 위험성 평가

박찬원(Chan-Won Park),손연규(Yeon-Kyu Sonn),장용선(Yong-Seon Zhang),홍석영(S. Young Hong),현병근(Byung-Keun Hyun),송관철(Kwan-Cheol Song),하상건(Sang-Keun Ha),문용희(Young-Hee Moon) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.6

본 연구에서는 1:25,000 정밀토양도 등 가용한 공간자료를 이용하여 작성된 토양유실도를 이용하여 한강 상류지역 10개 중권역 108 소유역에 대하여 토양유실량 평가하고 토지이용별 토양유실 위험지역을 분석하였다. 대상유역 총 토양유실량은 895만 Mg yr<SUP>-1</SUP>으로 예측되었으며, 면적당 평균 토양유실량은 6.1 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>yr<SUP>-1</SUP>이었다. 중소유역 단위로 살펴보면 남한강지역이 북한강지역의 유실량 뿐만 아니라 면적당 유실량이 더 많았다. 이는 북한강 권역의 경우 화강암 및 화강편마암이 주요 모재인 반면에 남한강 권역의 경우 토양모재가 퇴적암지대를 많이 포함있어 토양침식성 인자 (K factor)와 경사 인자 (LS factor)가 상대적으로 높고, 남한강 지역의 경우 농경지 토양이 상대적으로 많이 분포하고 있기 때문으로 판단된다. 대상유역의 토지이용별 연평균 토양유실량을 분석한 결과 산림/초지 > 밭 >> 도심/대지 >> 논 > 과수의 순로 분석 대상유역 중 10.7%를 차지하고 있는 농경지에서 유실되는 토양의 추정량은 41.3%이였으며, 이중 6.2%면적을 차지하는 밭이 40.6%으로 44.2%의 산림/초지와 비슷한 수준이었다. 한강상류지역 토양유실 위험성 평가시 분포형 토양침식지도와 항공사진을 비교한 결과 토양유실에 대한 공간인 정보를 확실하게 보여주고 있으며, 토양침식위험성은 남한강권역의 남한강 상류 (1001), 평창강 (1002), 충주댐 (1003) 권역에서 각각 토양침식위험성이 “보통”이상으로 높은 지역이 각각 8.7%, 7.9%, 7.8%로 평균인 5.9%보다 높았으며, 이에 대한 보전방안이 강구될 필요가 있고 판단된다. This study was conducted to evaluate soil erosion risk with a standard unit watershed in the upper Han river basin using the spatial soil erosion map according to the change of landuse. The study area is 14,577 ㎢, which consists of 10 subbasins, 107 standard unit watersheds. Total annual soil loss and soil loss per area estimated were 895 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> Mg yr<SUP>-1</SUP> and 6.1 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> yr<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. A result of analysis with a subbasin as a unit showed that annual soil losses and soil loss per area in Namhan river basins was more than in Bukhan river ones. Predicted annual soil loss according to the landuse ranked as Forest & Grassland > Upland >> Urban & Fallow area > Paddy field > Orchard. Upland area covered 6.2% of the study area, but the contribution of total annul soil loss was 40.6% and that of Forest & Grassland was 44.2%. As a evaluation of soil erosion risk using the spatial soil erosion map, we could precisely conformed the potential hazardous region of soil erosion in each unit watersheds. The ratio of regions, graded as higher “Moderate” for annual soil loss, were respectively 8.7%, 7.9% and 7.8% in 1001, 1002 and 1003 subbasins in Namhan river basin. Most landuse of these area was upland, and these area is necessary to establish soil conservation practices to reduce soil erosion based on the field observation.

분무유동장에 미치는 선회류의 영향에 관한 수치해석적 연구

洪起培,張光鎭,金夏永 忠州大學校 1996 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.31 No.1

The swirl effect is very important parameter in the oil buner spray field. In this study, it was study of the cdmputer simulation about swirl effect When the size of spray angle of nozzle, spray pressure of nozzle, pressure of combustion chamber and buner tube were fixed. The swirl generation parts size were at intervals of 2.2mm, 2.7mm, 3.2mm. The pty flow was mixed well at 2.7mm. If we are able to got the experimerntal data. The study of comparision between experimental data and computer simulation results is possible. And then we can construct the data base about design parameters of holder.

Orff 방식의 幼兒 音樂敎育에 對한 一考

하홍표 慶星大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.2

At this point of time coming a new millennium of the 21st century, our society is changing by rapid strides. It is time to turn to times that creativity is the goal of education advancing from only adaptation and harmony with society. Our child might live his/her life in the world thai personality is respected as best value and creativity standing out from others is the key look for the meaning of his/her life. For this, early child education should come out of its standardization and apply the logic of postmodernism which is seeking for harmony in the diversity. Therefore the goal of early childhood music education in the future is also pursuit of diversity arid indiveduality. In this point of view, we have to pay attention to the fact that standardized textbooks and teaching methods can limit a develop of child. The key subject of early childhood music education program might be helping child to develop one's emotion. According to Izard (1991), interest is the most basic elements among the emotions human has, it makes possible to quest or to learn. One of the most important things that teachers can do for child is to be a model themselves who feel like finding as much as possible from their surroundings and have a constant interest in it. Due to the poor realistic conditions, however, we have the history of the curriculum which has been keeping in the crippled operations or in the standardized ways under the misconceptions that early childhood education is just a special skill training or an early training for knowledge. To make a step toward the correct curriculum, this study tried to offer an practical example of Orff's teaching methods so that child can gain his/her basic musical experiences at first hand in the education field. The early childhood music is the elemental music which is close to our body. To be music from the inside of the child rather than music for child, we have to provide a musical environment and opportunities which child can contact with music as a integrated experience that our body is tied with the nature and express music as much as one likes. Orff regards rhythm as of great importance more than any other musical elements. That is, he makes rhythm, original music element, the starting point for teaching. He also put great emphasis on a motion, rhythmic movement for the common and basic sense. Therefore it needs effort to teach child to cultivate diverse and creative life accquiring musical experiences through the curriculums focusing on singing and playing with rhythmical moving.