Feasibility of Using a One-temperature Model for Determining Plasma’s Temperature by Measuring Its Refractive Index

Yun-yun Chen,Fen-ping Cui,Fang Gu,Ying-ying Zhang 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.64 No.11

In this paper, the feasibility of using a one-temperature model to determine plasma’s temperatureby measuring its refractive index is studied based on the consideration that many plasma flow fieldsare not in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). We compare the refractive indices between theone- and the two-temperature models of an arc plasma, in order to discuss the applicability ofthe one-temperature model in optical diagnosis. We found that the applicability is determined bythe pressure, the temperature ratio between electrons and heavy particles, the probe wavelength,and the chosen optical method’s refractive index measurement precision. Consequently, a commonmodel is deduced to describe the refractive index of plasma whether it be in LTE or not. In a word,this study is crucial to better apply optical methods based on measurements of the refractive indexto diagnose plasma flow fields.

Incorporating Mathematics into STEAM Project-based Learning Activity: A Pedagogical Model

Hange Yun(Hange Yun),Qiaoping Zhang(Qiaoping Zhang),Yiru Chen(Yiru Chen),Wing Nam Chau(Wing Nam Chau) 대한수학교육학회 2024 수학교육학연구 Vol.34 No.4

Mathematics is a crucial but often underestimated aspect of STEAM education. This study presents an innovative Project-Based Learning (PBL) approach to integrate mathematics into STEAM education in mathematics classrooms, focusing on 3D shapes for second-grade students in a Hong Kong primary school. The “Funny Zoetrope Project” aims to enhance students’ understanding of cylinder concepts through a seven-session program, including five mathematics and two visual arts classes. Enhanced by carefully crafted learning journals, this mathematics-focused activity encourages students to apply their mathematical knowledge in a wider context. Students participate in interdisciplinary learning by constructing a zoetrope, seamlessly blending their understanding of mathematics and visual arts. This study is a practical example of mathematics integration into STEAM education, providing educators with a useful model for effective STEAM pedagogy.

Detoxification, antioxidant, and digestive enzyme activities and gene expression analysis of Lymantria dispar larvae under carvacrol

Chen Yun-ze,Zhang Bo-wen,Yang Jing,Zou Chuan-shan,Li Tao,Zhang Guo-cai,Chen Guang-sheng 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.1

Carvacrol is a terpene compound with various biological activities. However, few studies have specifically focused on its insecticidal activity and mechanism of carvacrol. The larvae of Lymantria dispar are seriously harmful herbivorous insect. This study measured the antifeedant, growth-inhibitory, and toxic effects of carvacrol on L. dispar larvae. To further clarify the insecticidal mechanism of carvacrol, the effects of carvacrol on detoxifying enzymes, antioxidative enzymes, digestive enzyme activities, and the mRNA expression of the abovementioned enzyme genes were investigated. The results of the study showed that the median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) and the sublethal concentration (LC 20 ) of carvacrol were 1.120 mg/mL and 0.297 mg/mL, respectively, at 72 h. After LC 20 treatment of L. dispar larvae for 72 h, food intake and weight gain were significantly lower compared with the control. Enzyme activity assays showed that carvacrol significantly inhibited the activities of carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE), and the inhibition rate of AchE activity was highest (66.51%). Carvacrol also activated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), while it inhibited the activities of lipase (LIP) and amylase (AMS), and first inhibited and then activated protease. In addition, qRT-PCR tests showed that carvacrol affected the mRNA expression levels of CarE, GST, AchE, SOD, CAT, LIP, AMS, and protease. This study helps to clarify the insecticidal mechanism of carvacrol on L. dispar larvae.

The strategy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Yun-Ju Chen 한의병리학회 2015 대한동의병리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often diagnosed as an advanced state due to no obvious symptoms in the early stage, which leads to the high mortality rate. Although a multikinase inhibitor sorafenib (Nexavar®. BAY43-9006) is so far the standard treatment for advanced HCC, the therapeutic efficacy is not shown as predicted. It prompts us to develop alternative strategies for improvement of sorafenib therapy in HCC. Chrysin is proposed as a potent inhibitor of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), which functions as a mediator of drug efflux, to reverse BCRP-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapy. Our previous study demonstrates that BCRP expression level affects the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib. Co-treatment of chrysin greatly synergized the effect of sorafenib on the inhibition of HCC cell viability. Whether there is other mechanism than inhibition of drug efflux responsible for the synergistic effect of chrysin on sorafenib activity in HCC cells is still not clearly elucidated. It is reported that high basal phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 benefits the response of HCC cells to sorafenib both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that chrysin increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation level of HCC cells in both time- and dose-dependent manners. Furthermore, we found that chrysin-synergized antigrowth activity of sorafenib in HCC cells was enhanced by overexpression of MEK1, an upstream regulator of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. However, this synergistic effect was lost when MEK activity was blocked by either U0126 inhibitor or MEK1 siRNA, which suggests MEK1-ERK1/2 pathway as a critical role in this regulation. Further mechanism analysis revealed that overexpression of MEK 1 slowed the growth rate of HCC cells. Indeed, both sorafenib activity and phosphorylation of MEK1-ERK1/2 pathway were increased in HCC cells with medium containing lower percentage of serum. In parallel, chrysin could no longer have synergistic effect on sorafenib activity in FICC cells with medium containing lower percentage of serum. Taken together, these results suggest that sustained ERK1/2 phosphorylation by chrysin renders HCC cells exhibiting a slow-growth pattern, which in turn renders HCC cells more sensitive to sorafenib treatment. Chrysin may be as a potential sensitizer to elevate the anti-growth activity of sorafenib in HCC cells in the future.

A GFP-labeled Human Colon Cancer Metastasis Model Featuring Surgical Orthotopic Implantation

Chen, Hong-Jin,Yang, Bo-Lin,Chen, Yu-Gen,Lin, Qiu,Zhang, Shu-Peng,Gu, Yun-Fei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.9

Colorectal cancer has become a major disease threatening human health. To establish animal models that exhibit the characteristics of human colorectal cancer will not only help to study the mechanisms underlying the genesis and development effectively, but also provide ideal carriers for the screening of medicines and examining their therapeutic effects. In this study, we established a stable, colon cancer nude mouse model highly expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) for spontaneous metastasis after surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI). GFP-labeled colon cancer models for metastasis after SOI were successfully established in all of 15 nude mice and there were no surgery-related complications or deaths. In week 3, primary tumors expressing GFP were observed in all model animals under fluoroscopy and two metastatic tumors were monitored by fluorescent imaging at the same time. The tumor volumes progressively increased with time. Seven out of 15 tumor transplanted mice died and the major causes of death were intestinal obstruction and cachexia resulting from malignant tumor growth. Eight model animals survived at the end of the experiment, 6 of which had metastases (6 cases to mesenteric lymph nodes, 4 hepatic, 2 pancreatic and 1 mediastinal lymph node). Our results indicate that our GFP-labeled colon cancer orthotopic transplantation model is useful with a high success rate; the transplanted tumors exhibit similar biological properties to human colorectal cancer, and can be used for real-time, in vivo, non-invasive and dynamic observation and analysis of the growth and metastasis of tumor cells.

A Nursing Experience from Caring a Non-Compliant Heart Failure Patient Causing Repeatedly Hospitalization

( Chen Yun-shu ) 한국간호과학회 2019 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.-

A new classification of atlas fracture based on computed tomography: reliability, reproducibility, and preliminary clinical significance

Yun-lin Chen,Wei-yu Jiang,Wen-jie Lu,Xu-dong Hu,Yang Wang,Wei-hu Ma 대한척추외과학회 2025 Asian Spine Journal Vol.19 No.1

Study Design: A retrospective study. Purpose: This study aimed to observe the computed tomography (CT) characteristics of atlas fracture and propose a new CT classifica- tion system, evaluate its reliability and repeatability, and discuss its clinical significance. Overview of Literature: The treatment and classification of atlas fracture remain controversial. At present, no classification method has been standardized for atlas fracture. Injury to the transverse atlantal ligament (TAL) and lateral mass displacement is still controversial. Methods: Seventy-five patients with atlas fracture were included from January 2015 to December 2020. Based on the anatomy of the fracture line, atlas fractures were divided into three types. Each type was divided into two subtypes according to the fracture displace- ment. Unweighted Cohen kappa coefficients were applied to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility. Results: According to the new classification, 17 cases of type A1, 12 of type A2, seven of type B1, 13 of type B2, 12 of type C1, and 14 of type C2 were identified. The K-values of the interobserver and intraobserver reliability were 0.846 and 0.912, respectively, for the new classification. The K-values of interobserver reliability for types A, B, and C were 0.843, 0.799, and 0.898, respectively. The K-values of intraobserver reliability for types A, B, and C were 0.888, 0.910, and 0.935, respectively. The mean K-values of the interobserver and in- traobserver reliability for subtypes were 0.687 and 0.829, respectively. Conclusions: The new classification of atlas fractures can cover nearly all atlas fractures. This system is the first to evaluate the sever- ity of fractures based on the C1 articular facet and fracture displacement and strengthen the anatomy ring of the atlas. It is concise, easy to remember, reliable, and reproducible.

Crisis of EU Governance and Risk of Integration: Governance Mix, Democratic Deficit, and Politicization

Yun-Chen Lai,Chin-Peng Chu 연세대학교 미래사회통합연구센터 2019 Journal of Conflict and Integration Vol.3 No.2

The EU has faced serious crises recently. EU integration has resulted in greater public attention and made cooperation more controversial. This contribution explores three questions: why crises occur under (current) EU governance; how a crisis of EU governance will result in a crisis of EU integration; and how the EU could solve its problems. Issues both inside and outside of the EU borders are discussed to investigate the questions above. It is argued that an imbalanced governance structure and a democratic deficit cause risks of disintegration and stagnation. Multi-level governance should be revisited to augment participation of public sectors, to respond to the current politicization trend, and to relieve the democratic deficit problem.

Association between Polymorphisms of Interleukin-17A and Interleukin-17F Genes and Silicosis Susceptibility in Chinese Han People

Chen, Ying,Fan, Xue-Yun,Jin, Yu-Lan,Yao, San-Qiao,Yun, Xiang,Hua, Zheng-Bing,Shen, Fu-Hai Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.20

Background: To explore the relationship between polymorphisms of interleukin17 (IL-17) gene(A-832G 7488A/G) and the susceptibility to silicosis, a risk factor for lung cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 113 silicosis patients and 116 workers without silicosis were enrolled in the case-control study. IL-17A A-832G and IL-17F 7488A/G polymorphisms were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The frequencies of AA,GG and AG of IL-17A A-832G locus in the case and control groups were 46.9%, 8.0%, 45.1%, and 49.2%, 7.6%, 43.2%, respectively, with no significant differences (p>0.05).The GG genotype in the IL-17F (7488A/G) locus was not found. The frequencies of AA and GA of IL-17F 7488A/G locus in the case and control groups were 84.1%, 15.9% and 66.4%, 33.6%, respectively (p<0.05). Analysis of combined effects showed that the individuals with GG+AG genotype of IL-17A and GG+GA genotype of IL-17F are protected against silicosis (OR=0.469). Conclusions: IL-17F 7488A/G is associated with susceptibility to silicosis, and G allele may have a protective effect. No relationship was found between IL-17A gene polymorphisms at A-832G and silicosis.

Osteopontin enhances sperm capacitation and in vitro fertilization efficiency in boars

( Yun Chen ),( Kai Wang ),( Shouquan Zhang ) 한국축산학회 2022 한국축산학회지 Vol.64 No.2

In this study, we used more reliable experimental materials and methods to detect the effects of osteopontin (OPN) on boar sperm in vitro capacitation, acrosome reaction, and fertilization efficiency. We reorganized and obtained the OPN protein of the porcine source. Immunofluorescence and Western blot show the localization and expression of the OPN protein before and after sperm capacitation. To determine whether OPN can affect sperm during sperm capacitation, we examined cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations after sperm capacitation, and the results showed that OPN significantly increased the cAMP concentration in sperm (p < 0.05). Flow cytometry showed that 0.1 μg/mL OPN-treated sperm had better acrosome reaction ability. In vitro fertilization (IVF) showed that 0.1 μg/mL OPN significantly increased the rate of embryo division. In conclusion, this study found that 0.1 μg/mL porcine OPN protein can significantly improve porcine capacitated sperm motility, cAMP concentration after capacitation sperm, acrosome reaction ability, and embryo division during IVF and provides new clues to explore the mechanism of OPN’s function on sperm.