Dual aptamer-functionalized silica nanoparticles for the highly sensitive detection of breast cancer

Jo, H.,Her, J.,Ban, C. Elsevier Applied Science 2015 Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol.71 No.-

In this study, we synthesized dual aptamer-modified silica nanoparticles that simultaneously target two types of breast cancer cells: the mucin 1 (MUC1)(+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)(+) cell lines. Dual aptamer system enables a broad diagnosis for breast cancer in comparison with the single aptamer system. The dye-doped silica nanoparticles offer great stability with respect to photobleaching and enable the accurate quantification of breast cancer cells. The morphological and spectroscopic characteristics of the designed Dual-SiNPs were demonstrated via diverse methods such as DLS, zeta potential measurements, UV-vis spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Negatively charged Dual-SiNPs with a homogeneous size distribution showed robust and strong fluorescence. In addition, Dual-SiNPs did not affect cell viability, implying that this probe might be readily available for use in an in vivo system. Through ratio optimization of the MUC1 and HER2 aptamers, the binding capacities of the Dual-SiNPs to both cell lines were maximized. Based on Dual-SiNPs, a highly sensitive quantification of breast cancer cells was performed, resulting in a detection limit of 1cell/100μL, which is significantly lower compared with those reported in other studies. Moreover, the developed detection platform displayed high selectivity for only the MUC1(+) and HER2(+) cell lines. It is expected that this valuable diagnostic probe will be a noteworthy platform for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.

印刷媒體接觸에 대한 時間工學的 硏究

朴許植 청주대학교 사회과학연구소 1983 한국사회과학연구 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of this study is to search for the impacts of time factors to the printed media contact behavior under perspectives of time-engineering. It is very important for the audience to allocate its leisure time(time budget) on certain acts choosen from various alternative acts. Here, leisure time is defined as the total time except non-disposable time which is essential to maintain one's life. For this purpose, the results of the survey research on the national people's lifecycle(time-allocation) conducted by the Korean Broadcasting System in 1981 were used, reanalyzed and reinterpreted as a basic data. The study findings are summerized as follows; 1) The national people's behavior rate allocated to newspapers and magazines/books (newspaper contact behavior rate; 27.4%, magazine/books contact behavior rate; 28.2%) is much less than that of radio and television. And the national audiences' average media. exposure time to these printed media is also very low. The report on the Survey Research shows on average media exposure time of 36 minutes to newspapers, one hour and five minutes to magazines/books. 2)According to sex, only male respondents show some significant newspaper biased behavior trend. But significant differences in average exposure time of newspapers and. magazines/books are not found by sex. 3) Analyzing the time band which shows behavior rate above 3% viewing from time engineering perspectives, while newspapers are considered as morning-reading type (media mainly read in the morning), magazines/books are considered as night-reading type (media mainly read during the night) on the national bases. By sex, to the male readers, newspapers are morning-reading type, magazines/books are night-reading type. On the contrary, female readers show day-reading type behavior(female readers read. often newspapers during the day) relating to newspapers and night-reading type behavior in magazines/books. 4) By age people between 20s and 40s show the heaviest media exposure to newspapers and magazines/books, in additon, their amount of time spent on these media is the most compared with the other age groups. 5) Judging from the printed media contact behavior rate, male respondents between 30s-50s show a high newspaper-biased media behavior, and female respondents in their 20s show the highest book/magazine-biased media behavior. 6) According to the respondent's occupation, the greatest differences are found between the occupation groups of self manager, saler, servicer, technicians, engineers, business manager, professionalist, free occupation and others and the occupation groups of agricultural-fisheries, housewives, and students in newspaper reading behavior in terms of behavior rate. 7) Newspapers show greater differences between respondents who have a job and those who do not job in behavior rate, but these no difference in average media exposure. 8) So the factor of education has a great impact both on the printed media contact behavior rate and the average amount of media exposure time. A higher educational level will result in increased printed media contact behavior rates or average amount of media exposure. 9) Regional analysis as a socio-cultural classification is very important in the printed media contact behavior rate. Greater differences are shown in the behavior rate between the largest, middle and small sized city and county or town, but no differences are found in amount of time by region. Summerizing the results mentioned above, various socio-cultural factors have a great influence on the printed media contact behavior rate, but have little impact on the amount of time required for such behavior. This is on important finding which must be considered in any survey research study on reading patterns and amount of reading time. Hence, beyond existing one-dimensional research study methods on the amount of reading time, future research on the amount or reading time must be conducted by relating the amount of reading time as well as the reading time band, a study of time engineering perspectives, because reading behaviors are also limeted by time among various alternative behaviors within a given 24-hour day.

초등학교 1학년 통합단원 "함께하는 한가위" 재구성 실행연구

신혜리 ( Her Yee Shin ),홍영기 ( Young Ki Hong ) 한국통합교육과정학회 2010 통합교육과정연구 Vol.4 No.1

본 연구는 초등학교 1학년 2학기 ``바른 생활``, ``슬기로운 생활``, ``즐거운 생활``과의 통합 단원인 ``함께하는 한가위``를 통합적 관점에서 재구성하여 실행한 연구이다. 34명의 초등학교 1학년 학생을 대상으로 재구성한 통합단원을 교사연구자가 실행하는 과정에서 일어나는 교사의 교육과정 재구성에 대한 인식과 학생들의 수업태도 및 참여의 변화를 이해하고 묘사하는데 초점을 두었다. 통합단원의 재구성은 한 차시의 내용에 ``바른 생활``, ``슬기로운 생활``, ``즐거운 생활``과의 내용을 학생들의 생활과 밀접한 통합 활동으로 재구성하여 통합교과가 한 단원 당 2주간 배정된 시량인 총 22차시로 재구성하여 적용하였다. 이를 위해 교수·학습과정안, 학생용 워크북, 교사용 수업자료 등을 개발하였다. 자료 수집은 연구일지, 참여관찰과 비구조화된 면담, 실행과정에서의 실행일지, 학생들이 작성한 학습일지, 동영상 및 사진촬영 등을 통해 이루어졌다. 연구를 통해 학생들은 학습에 있어 함께하는 방법을 알고, 학교는 즐거운 배움터라는 인식을 하였으며, 교사의 변화로는 학습자 중심 교육에 대한 인식변화, 학생을 바라보는 관점의 변화, 교육과정 재구성 시도에 대한 두려움의 극복 등이 있었다. This is an action research on restructuring the integrated unit, ``Sharing together Hangawee`` that consisted the same theme across three integrated subjects. The purpose of this study was to describe and understand the changes of the action researcher`s awareness of curriculum restructuring and of the student participants` attitudes toward learning and classroom participation. Restructuring the integrated unit was mainly done by the way of designing activities closely related with students` real life and three integrated subjects of the first grade. The unit consisted of twenty-two class periods which was the standardized class period for one unit. For the implementation, teaching materials such as lesson plans, student workbook, powerpoints, hand-outs were developed and applied. Based on the research, the changes of the student were ``knowing how to cooperate with peers`` and ``recognizing school as a place of enjoyable learning``. The action researcher changes her paradigm on student-centered instruction and on the viewpoints of the student as a learner. In addition, her ability of curriculum restructuring was improved.

심리기술훈련이 경쟁 상태 불안과 운동 수행에 미치는 영향

주동엽(Joo Dong-Yeup),범대진(Bhum Dae-Jin),허재호(Her Jeo-Ho) 한국체육과학회 2000 한국체육과학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of psychological skills training on competitive state anxiety and sport performance. The participants were 76 physical education students (40 males, 36 females) ranging in age from 18 to 27 from the Dong-shin University in Naju city. In order to measure competitive state anxiety, the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) was used. It was composed of 27 questions covering cognitive, physical instabilities and self-confidence respectively with 9 questions. To measure sports performance, the participants were performed golf putting. Prior to performing the golf putting, the participants completed the CSAI-2 to measure competitive state anxiety and a test of golf putting. After pre-test, the participants divided randomly four different groups to received 16 weeks psychological skills training. One of the groups was a control group and the others were three experimental groups. Three experimental groups were performed a 16 weeks psychological skills training program by using the Progressive Muscle Relaxation and the Imagery Training. The control group was not contacted in any way during the 16 weeks. After 16 weeks, the participants were re-tested using the same methods as in the pre-test to examine the effects of the psychological skills training. The results were as follows: 1) The psychological skills training programs were effective in reducing anxiety levels of the participants. Three experimental groups were meaningful for reducing his/her cognitive anxiety. Its were also effective for lessening his/her physical instability and improving self-confidence. 2) The psychological skills training programs were effective in improving the golf putting scores. The score gap between the control group and three experimental groups were particularly large. This means that the psychological skills training programs were affected to his/her competitive state anxiety, thereby contributing to improving scores in the Golf putting' performance.

A Study of Viewers' Responses to Luxury Haul Videos on YouTube

( Yusun Her ),( Jaehoon Chun ) 한국의류학회 2020 한국의류학회지 Vol.44 No.4

This study examined how viewers perceived luxury haul videos, what factors made them experience vicarious pleasure and gain relative deprivation when watching them. This study conducted an interview with 20 viewers of luxury haul videos. The content obtained from the interview was analyzed by classifying it into academic terms. Cases of vicarious pleasure arose when viewers had sufficient empathy when watching videos, which was intensified by YouTubers' behavior and visual stimulation in videos. A person's relative deprivation due to her financial capabilities or appearance occurred when she compared herself with YouTubers. The more viewers perceived luxury haul as a source of information, the more they felt relative deprivation; in addition, the more they perceived it as entertainment, the more they felt vicarious pleasure. Viewers who had a high level of involvement in luxury goods tended to feel vicarious pleasure; however, viewers with a high level of involvement in YouTubers tended to feel relative deprivation. This study helps luxury brands and YouTubers understand viewers' perception of their products and programs as well as helps in the development of fashion haul videos that are beneficial to viewers.

독서 상담을 위한 도서 선정과 질문 구성

김영란(Kim Young-ran),허지은(Her Ji-eun) 국어교육학회 2010 국어교육연구 Vol.47 No.-

The purpose of this study is to provide counsellors with helpful advice for counselling with book-reading; First of all, we review the psychiatric issues that challenge Korean pre-schoolers and adolescents (up to the age 24) and the issues that can be aided by book-reading counselling. Secondly, we develop a set of criteria to select relevant books for the counsellee, and this criteria should be dependent on the major issues of the counsellee. Thirdly, we also suggest a package of questions which are generated based on the principles of psychotherapy and teaching of reading. The series of questions should be split into 3 parts: pre-reading, during-reading, and post-reading. The questions need to guide counsellee to find characters or events in a book for identification or projection, to accommodate himself/herself to indirect experience through book-reading, to help himself/herself undergo catharsis, and to facilitate himself/herself to integrate new learning from the reading with his/her own problem, so (s)he can gain new insight into solving his/her own psychiatric issues. We plan to conduct follow-up research which will explore counsellees with multicultural backgrounds and apply to them the principles and method this current study suggests. We will provide book-reading counselling to them and the course of counselling will be researched quantitatively and qualitatively as well. The course of action between counsellors and counsellees will be thoroughly reviewed qualitatively and the efficacy of the program will be examined quantitatively.

Effect of elevated temperatures on properties and color intensities of fly ash mortar

Her-Yung Wang 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2008 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.5 No.2

This research examines the engineering properties and color intensities of mortar containing different amounts of fly ash (0, 5, 10 and 20%) mixed at different water-to-binder ratios (w/b = 0.23, 0.47 and 0.59) and exposed at different temperatures (T = 25, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800oC). Results show that there is greater mass loss on ignition with high w/b and higher temperatures. In addition, the color channel image analyzer (Windows software written in Delphi) is utilized to study the relationship between the curing temperature and intensity of three primary colors, red, green and blue (RGB), of the fly ash mortar specimens. The results show that the RGB intensities on the specimen surface increases from that at 25oC. The mortar specimen becomes white with increase in w/b but without the addition of fly ash. Moreover, for mortar specimens with greater content of fly ash, red on the specimen surface has the greatest increase in intensity at elevated temperature. Observation the variations in color on the specimen surface may help estimate the highest elevated temperatures that concrete structures can withstand.

Ubiquitin Ligase RLIM Modulates Telomere Length Homeostasis through a Proteolysis of TRF1

Her, Yoon Ra,Chung, In Kwon American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2009 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.284 No.13

<P>The telomeric protein TRF1 negatively regulates telomere length by inhibiting telomerase access at the telomere termini, suggesting that the protein level of TRF1 at telomeres is tightly regulated. Regulation of TRF1 protein abundance is essential for proper telomere function and occurs primarily through post-translational modifications of TRF1. Here we describe RLIM, a RING H2 zinc finger protein with intrinsic ubiquitin ligase activity, as a TRF1-interacting protein. RLIM increases TRF1 turnover by targeting it for degradation by the proteasome in a ubiquitin-dependent manner, independently of Fbx4, which is known to interact with and negatively regulate TRF1. Whereas overexpression of RLIM decreases the level of TRF1 protein, depletion of endogenous RLIM expression by small hairpin RNA increases the level of TRF1 and leads to telomere shortening, thereby impairing cell growth. These results demonstrate that RLIM is involved in the negative regulation of TRF1 function through physical interaction and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Hence, RLIM represents a new pathway for telomere maintenance by modulating the level of TRF1 at telomeres.</P>

A Dual Effect of Hydrocortisone on the Inhibition of intracellular Free Calcium Level Which are Highly Correlated with Leukotrien C₄ Production in Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cells : 세포내 칼슘량과 LEUKOTRIENE C₄ 생산은 不可無의 相關關係

Her, Erk 건국대학교 1992 學術誌 Vol.36 No.2

人造 부신피질 호르몬중의 하나인 HYDROCORTISONE(HC)은 가장 강한 抗 Allergy 抗염증약이다. 이 약은 Allergy와 염증을 일으키는 물질들의 생산과 세포의 분비를 억제하는 것으로 알려져 있다. Leukotriene(LTC4)는 이러한 Allergy와 염증을 일으키는 주요한 물질중의 하나이다. LTC4는 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX)라는 효소에 의해 세포막 지질에서 생성된 Arachdonic acid라는 지방산으로부터 생산된다. 이 효소의 촉매작용은 칼슘의 농도에 크게 의존한다. 이러한 학문 바탕 위에서, 호중구 암세포(RBL-2H3)에 있어 항원에 의해 유기된 LTC4 생산을 HC가 어떠한 mechanism속에서 억제하는지 알고자 함이 실험연구의 목적이다. 기본실험에 있어, LTC4 생산을 의한 DNP10BSA 항체 IgE와 항원 DNP10BSA의 최고 효과적인 농도는 각각 2㎍/106 cells, 18.8ng/106 cells이었다. HC가 항원이 유기 생산한 LTC4량을 억제하는 것은 배양시간과 농도에 의존했었다. 최고 효과적인 항원 농도에 의해 유기 생산된 LTC4량을 50% 억제하는데 최고 효과적인 HC농도(1㎍/ml)로 2.5 시간의 사전 배양이 요구되었다. HC 사전 배양시간이 증가함에 따라 항원에 유기생산된 LTC4량이 감소하는데, 4시간 사전 배양은 control에 비해 75%을 감소시켰다(p < 0.005). 4시간 HC 사전 배양후, LTC4 생산을 억제하는데 HC의 IC50價는 0.3μM이였고, 최대 억제농도는 27μM였다. LTC4량을 측정하는데 Radioimmunoassay(RIA)법의 신뢰 여부를 알기 위해, 다른 방법중의 하나인 Thin layer chromatography(TLC)법을 이용하여 비교해 봤다. 비교 결과, RIA법의 신뢰도가 높았고, 上同 2개의 방법에 의한 값이 거의 相同했었으며, RBL-2H3 암세포는 LTC4를 거의 생산치 않고 주로 LTC4를 생산한다는 것이 발견되었다(LTC4 vs LTD4 p<0.005). 세포내 방사선 동위원소 칼슘(45Ca2+)의 침투량을 측정하는 실험에 있어서는 세포내의 칼슘의 이온화와 불이 온화를 구별할 수 없는 단점이 있어 이온화된 칼슘만을 측정할 수 있는 방법을 모색했었다. 세포내 이온화된 칼슘 측정이 중요한 것은 세포학에서 말하는 주요한 second messenger가 이온화된 칼슘이기 때문이다. 그래서 이온화된 칼슘의 양의 증감을 측정하기 위해 Quin2/AM법을 사용했다. 항 DNP10 BSA 항체 IgE가 감작된 RBL-2H3 암세포에 항원 DNP10BSA로 유기했을 때 세포내 이온화된 칼슘([Ca2+]i,)의 양이 비교구보다 3.5배나 증가했었다(p<0.01). 항원 DNP10 BSA로 RBL-2H3를 유기했을 때 [Ca2+]i량이 최고치에 도달하는 데 소요되는 시간은 1.5∼2분 정도였다. 그런데 HC가 사전 처리한 세포에서는 [Ca2+]i, 최고치가 현저히 억제되었다(p<0.01). 항원을 투입한 뒤 12분후, HC를 사전 처리하지 않는 세포에 있어서는 최고치량에서 7 ± 3% 정도 감소했었다. 이에 반해 HC를 사전 처리한 세포에서는 75 ± 7% 감소했었다(p<0.005). HC를 6시간 사전 처리한 세포들은 현저히 LTC4 생산뿐만 아니라 [Ca2+], 증가를 현저히 감소시켰다(p<0.05). 이러한 HC 효라는 세포내 칼슘 침투를 억제하는 藥 Nifedipine과 세포내 칼슘을 세포외로 pumping하는 藥 TPA의 효과와 흡사했다. 그래서 HC는 세포내 칼슘량을 억제하는 데 양면성이 보인다고 예측되어진다. 그리고 [Ca2+]i량의 증감과 LTC4 생산 증감과 밀접한 상관관계가 있다는 것이 통계적으로 입증되었다(r = 0.94, p<0.01). 결론적으로 호염기구에서 HC이 LTC4를 억제하는 mechanism은 일차적으로 미지의 단백질을 생산하고 이러한 단백질이 세포내 칼슘의 침투를 억제하거나 세포내 칼슘을 세포외로 pumping함으로써 [Ca2+]i량을 억제하는 것 같다. Hydrocortisone(HC) is extremely potent anti-allergic and antiinflammalory druge which suppress the biosynthesis and/or release of inflammatory mediators. Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) is one of the maim mediators, which is produced through the 5-lipoxygenase. This enzyme activity is dependent on high Ca2+ concentrations. The aim of this study was to insight the mechanism of HC actions on antigen-induced LTC4 formation in rat basophilic leukemia(RBL-2H3) cells. The maximal effective doses IgE and its antigen DNP10BSA for stimulation of the LTC4 formation were 2㎍.106 cells and 18.8ng/106 cells, respectively, The inhibitory effect of HC on the antigen-induced LTC4 formation was time-and dele-dependent. The half maximal effective time for the HC action was about 2.5 hr(hours) of preincubation. This time-dependent inhibition increased slowly to approximately 75% inhibition(p < 0.005) after 4 hr of pretreatment. Under 4 hr pretreatment with HC, IC50 values of HC on LTC4 production was 0.3μM, and maximal inhibitory dose was 2μM. In validation of the radiommunoassay(RIA) for the measurement of LTC4 production using a thin layer chromatography(TLC), I found that RBL-2H3 produced mainly LTC4, while only slightly LTD4 (LTC4 vs LTD4 p,0.005). The results obtained with TLC with regard to LTC4 formation were similar to that obtained by RIA. Since radioisotope labelled calcium(45Ca2+) studios have limited resolution to distinguish intracellular free calcium([Ca2+]i) from the whole cellular Ca2+, 1 measured [Ca2+]i, using a Quin2/AM probe. In the cells stimulated by maximal effective dose of antigen, HC markedly suppressed [Ca2+]i elevation (p 01). Half maximal time for elevation of [Ca2+]i induced by antigen was less than 1 min, and maximal elevation of [Ca2+]i (3 fold increase) was reached within 1.5∼2 minutes(min). This peak of [Ca2+]i level in the control group decreased gradually to 7 ± 3% during 12 min of incubation. Following pretreatment with HC, the antigen-stimulated increase of [Ca2+], was stunted by 41 ± 8%(p<0.01) after 2∼3 min and drastically reduced by 75 ± 7%(p<0.005) at 12 min. Preincubation for 6 hr of RBL-2H3 cells with HC(1㎍/ml) abolished the anti DNP10BSA antibody IgE and antigen DNP10BSA complex(Ag-Ab) induced [Ca2+]i increment and LTC4 production(p <0.05). This HC effect on two parameters mimicked the direct effects of Ca2+ efflux enhancer, TPA, and a Ca2+ channel blocks, nifedipine. Moreover, there was high correlation between [Ca2+]i elevation and LTC4 formation(4 = 0.94, p < 0.01), suggesting a causal relation between the two parameters. These data indicate that the inhibitory effect of HC on LTC4 formation requires a DNA-dependent protein synthesis and reduction of [Ca2+]i.

Research on the Activating Flux Gas Tungsten Arc Welding and Plasma Arc Welding for Stainless Steel

Her-Yueh Huang 대한금속·재료학회 2010 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.16 No.5

A systematic study of the effects of activating flux in the weld morphology, arc profile, and angular distortion and microstructure of two different arc welding processes, namely, Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Plasma Arc Welding (PAW), was carried out. The results showed that the activating fluxes affected the penetration capability of arc welding on stainless steel. An increase in energy density resulting from the arc constriction and anode spot reduction enhanced the penetration capability. The Depth/Width (D/W) ratio of the weld played a major role in causing angular distortion of the weldment. Also, changes in the cooling rate, due to different heat source characteristics, influenced the microstructure from the fusion line to the centre of the weld.