상승된 경악반응으로 측정한 조건화된 공포에 대한 다이아제팜, 로라제팜, 요힘빈의 영향

한정수,김재일,김기석 한국심리학회 1997 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.3 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 조직화된 공포를 측정하는 상승된 경악반응 모델을 이용해 벤조나이아제핀 수용기에 작용하는 약물인 다이아제팜, 로라제팜과 알파2-아드레날린 수용기에 작용하여 중추신경계에서 노에피네플린을 증가시키는 요힘빈이 공포의 발현에 어떠한 역할을 하는지, 그리고 다이아제팜, 로라제팜을 투여전, 요힘빈 투여가 상승된 경악반응에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 알아보고자 한다. 조건자극(빛)과 무조건자극(전기충격: 1.0㎃)을 이틀간 20번 짝지워 제시한 후, 그 다음날 경악반응 측정전에 여섯집단에 식염수(0.1cc/㎏), 다이아제팜(1.25㎎/㎏), 로라제팜(1.25㎎/㎏), 요힘빈(0.25㎎/㎏), 다이아제팜과 요힘빈, 로라제팜과 요힘빈을 투여했다. 식염수를 투여받은 동물들은 빛과 경악자극(강한 소리자극) 제시시 경악자극만을 제시한 경우보다 높은 경악반응을 보였지만, 상승된 경악반응은 요힘빈을 투여한 동물보다 낮았다. 다이아제팜, 로라제팜과 이 약물들을 요힘빈과 함께 투여한 집단들은 상승된 경악반응을 보이지 않았다. 이 결과로 보아, 요힘빈은 중추신경계에 작용하는 노에피네플린을 증가시켜 공포의 발현을 촉진시키는 반면 다이아제팜과 로라제팜은 공포의 발현을 억제하고 이들 약물의 사전처치는 요힘빈의 촉진효과을 적지함을 알 수 있다. This study was conducted to examine whether diazepam and lorazepam acting on benzodiazepine receptors have any effect on the expression of fear in potentiated startle, whether or not yohimbine which acts in α2-adrenergic receptors and increases norepinphine in central nervous system have any role, and how pretreatment of diazepam or lorazepam influences the yohimbine's effect. Ten conitioning trials, in which light was paired with shock(1.0㎃), were presented on each of two successive training days, and on the following day each of six groups were injected respectively saline(0.1cc/㎏), diazepam(1.25㎎/㎏), lorazepam(1.25㎎/㎏), yohimbine(0.25㎎/㎏), yohimbine after diazepam, and yohimbine after lorazepam before measuring the startle responses. Results showed that the saline-injected animals exhibit higher startle response than only in the presence of startle stimulus(intense auditory stimulus) when they were presented light and startle stimulus, but the response magnitude was less than that of yohimbine-injected animals. For diazepam group, lorazepam group, and yohimbine-added group, the animals did not show potentiated startle response. Taken together, yohimbine increases norepinephine in central nervous system and elicits fear easily while diazepam and lorazepam inhibit fear.

조경블럭을 이용한 환경친화적 보강토옹벽의 시공사례연구

한중근,송영석 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 2003 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.33 No.-

블록식옹벽은 다양한 토목 및 건축공사에서 적용되고 있으나, 옹벽시공시 환경친화적 요소의 유무가 점 차 문제화 되면서 공공공사에서는 특히 설계요소로서 인간생활과 친밀해질 수 있는 특징으로 친환경적 요소가 필요하게 되었다. 이러한 관점에 주안을 두고 친환경적 요소를 갖는, 즉 식생이 가능한 보강토블록으로서 그린스톤이 개발되었다. 그린스톤블록은 조경용 블록으로서 도심지등에서 많이 적용되며, 식생 조건에 맞는 자동화된 배수체계를 도입하였다. 그러나, 그린스톤은 직립옹벽의 형상으로 제한된 높이와 국부파괴의 위험이 상존함을 시공사례 고찰을 통해 확인하였다. 이를 만족하기 위해, 뒤처짐경사를 갖는 친환경적 블록으로서 중력식블록세트(그린스톤플로, 연결축 및 고정축)가 개발되었고 개발된 시스템의 시공사례를 이용하여 문제점을 고찰하여 시공 및 설계기준을 마련하였다. 중력식블록옹벽의 설계 및 시공시 주의할 점은 부등침하의 원인이 되는 기초지반의 지지력, 옹벽배면에서의 배수무네가 가장 큰 문제이었으므로 본 연구에서는 블록식옹벽 시공시 적합한 관리 및 설계기준으로 기하수위, 기초지지력 및 배수조건에 대하여 제시하였다. 특히, 도심지내에서는 친환경적요소의 특징이 더욱 발휘될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. The SRW(segmental retaining wall) including soil-reinforcement retaining wall has been used for various construction works in Civil and Architectures works. But the non-environmental factors in this system are one of significant problems. Then, the environmental factors within familiarity in field were become to the design factor in the public works. The Green Stone was developed. which can be planting and can be make a possible to construction of closed environmental structures. This landscape block can be automatically management of lowers and plants at spaces between blocks in all seasons using the drop water system. The existing systems have got usually the possibility of local failure. Through case studies, the shapes of block were improved to gravity Green Stone FLO. That is composed to three parts as follows; Green Stone FLO, Trunk-Bar and Anchor-Joint. This system was satisfied for the problem of structure stability with setback. The significantly considering problems at design and construction of soil-reinforcement retaining wall are he bearing capacity of foundation to the control of non-uniformed settlement and drainage system in retaining wall backside. In study, therefore, the design criteria and its control conditions were suggested to on the groundwater level, foundation bearing capacity and drainage conditions. The feature of gravity block including environmental factors could be defined, especially, the advantages of improved block appeared and shown in downtown.

들깨잎의 품종에 따른 성분분석 및 생리활성물질 탐색

한호석,박정혜,최희진,손준호,김영활,김성,최청 한국식생활문화학회 2004 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.19 No.1

The biochemical components of Namcheondlggae, Miryangdlkkae 25, Boradlggae and Ipdlkkae 1 were measured. The samples were extracted with hot water, 60% acetone or 80% ethanol for screening physiological activity. The crude protein content (4.36%) was found in the Miryangdlkkae 25 and calcium content (497.5 mg%) was found in the Namcheondlggae among the tested 4 perilla leaves. Fructose was 30.86 mg% in the Namcheondlggae and free amino acids at all perilla leaves was detected seventeen. In Boradlggae, glutamic acid and alanin were 25.37 and 11.91 mg%. Totally nine non-volatile organic acids were also detected and the contents of malic acid and glutaric acid were 28.34 and 14.57 mg% in Boradlggae. The Miryangdlkkae 25 had the highest vitamin C amount which was 113.24 mg%. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity of 80% ethanol extract of Boradlggae was 46.71%. Electron donating activity of 60% acetone extract from Namcheondlggae was the strongest inhibition activity as 98.19% when 200ppm level of the sample extracts were added.

어머니의 영아 영양에 대한 인식과 영아발육에 관한 연구

한정석,김태임 연세대학교 교육대학원 1985 연세교육과학 Vol.26 No.-

This study investigates mothers' understanding on infant nutriton, growth, and development. One hundred and five infants with their mothers at S. hospital were surveyed with questionaires during the period of July 10 to August 31, 1984. Statistical analysis of the survey results revealed the following; 1. Mother's understanding level of infant nutrition was high with mean 72.313. 2. A significant correlation was odserved between mother's understanding of feeding and infant's weaning· (r=, 3482, p=.005), 3. D.D.S.T measurement showed the infants' normal range of development as follows; personal-social development: 90.5% fine motor-adaptive development: 73.3%, gross motor development: 98.1%, language development: 53.3%. 4. There is the statistical significance noted between mother's understanding level of infant's nutrition, and the developmental status of infants. (t= 1, 57, P<. 05)

IMF시대와 세계체제론

한석정 東亞大學校 大學院 1999 大學院論文集 Vol.24 No.-

With the so-called "IMF crisis", Wallerstein's World system theory is on the surge in Korean academia. This paper tests validity of applying the theory to East Asian context and reveals its limit. First, stron states of East Asia do not fit in the theory which posits that there exist strong states in core; weak states in periphery. Nor does the region fit for uneqal exchange argument of the theory. World systemers put Korea as semi-periphery in the system. But Korea has not been a classic semi-periphery in pre- and post-war era. The so-called Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere was rather a concentric zone than a hierarchical system with intermediate level. Also, Koreans were not middlemen in the sphere. In a word, the main problem of the theory comes from its enomous analytic unit, once touted as a wonder in political economic thought. It is time to see history as rupture and discontinuity rather as continuous and total homogeneity.

식민지 토착군과 근대성에 관한 試論

韓錫政 東亞大學校 大學院 1997 大學院論文集 Vol.22 No.-

Military coups of the third world have been heavily analyzed. However, it is seldom discussed that many leaders of the third world used to be members of indigenous army which Western or Eastern (Japanese) imperialists organized before 1945. This paper investigates the causality between experience of colonial conscripts and their rise to power. First of all, literature of military sociology is a helpful guide. It sets a model of power balance between the military and the civil society. This theory indicates that the military were the only organized and modernized group to bid power at the chaotic stage of the state-formation of the most third world countries. But the modernity of the military is given in the theory. another influential explanation might be found in some world system works. They maintain that rise to power in the third world countries was a matter of choice by superpower (or "new imperialists"). Malleable ex-colonial conscripts were adopted by the hegemons, while nationalists were rejected. Although this kind of historiography has an insight, it exaggerates the role of hegemons and overlooks the capability or human capital side which these colonial soldiers possess. After tracing their new experience in several domains, I want to suggest that these people were the first modernized group in the indigenous society. Although heavily victimized, either from combats or forced labor, survivors experienced not only basic military skills, but also essential elements of modernity, such as punctuality, group life, fixed salary for work for the first time in their society. Some of them acquired the advanced knowledge of firearms, counter-insurgence, and even guerilla tactics. Colonial army was a school for them, in a sense. I argue that this skill brought quite a comparative advantage for them vis-a-vis their competitors at the state making process.

경북지역 주부들의 전통 부엌 세간의 보유 현황 및 이용실태 조사 연구

한재숙,최영희,조연숙,변재옥,한경필,김현옥,정종기,최석현 동아시아식생활학회 2002 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Housewives residing in the Kyongsang-Buk-do area were surveyed to determine their ownership of Korean traditional kitchen appliances and their usages. A breakdown of the appliances for the survey was as follows: 16 tableware, 17 household utensils, 15 heating utensils, 14 ceramic and earthen pottery, 6 stone utensils, 9 cooking utensils, 9 utensils made of the dried bamboo and bush clover, and 13 dining tables ("sang"). The types of the appliances with the largest ownerships and most frequently used were as follows: The jeopsi was most frequently owned, followed by the daejeop and the jaengban. The most frequently used item was the jubal,, followed by the daejeop and the jeopsi. Among the wooden utensils, bangmangi was most frequently owned, followed by the chanjang, the che, the doe, mal and hop. The most frequently used household utensil was the chanjang, followed by the takjasang and the doe, mal and hop. The utensil the most people owned for heating was the jujeonja, followed by the seoksoe, the musoesot and the siru. The most frequently used utensil for heating was the jujeonja, the musoesot and the seoksoe, in the order. As for the ceramic and earthen pottery, hangari and dok were owned and used most frequently. The maetdol and the jeolgu, though very low in their ownership rate, were most frequently owned items among the stoned utensils. The kal and the doma were the most frequently owned and used cooking utensils. The sokuri, and the chaeban and the baguni were the most frequently owned among the utensils made of the dried bamboo, bush clover and straw, while the sokuri was used the most frequently, followed by the chaeban and the jori. Among the dining tables, the kyojasang was the item most frequently owned, followed by the seonban and the chaeksangban, while the wonban was the most frequently used, followed by the kyojasang and the chaeksangban.

그림놀이가 환아의 불안감소에 미치는 영향

한정석,김희순 연세대학교 교육대학원 1984 연세교육과학 Vol.25 No.-

Hospitalized children may get psychological shock fronm the new environment and show various responses including anxiety and fear in adjusting himself to the new environment. A child's anxiety derived from a threatening environment can raise a serious problem in regard to character building and in adjustment to society. This study was done in order to alleviate a child from the anxiety that may occur Hospitalization by providing him with play therapy and by letting his family member takes part in it. The subjects for this study were obtained by taking a convenient sample of Hospitalized children in Y Medical Center from December 1983 through February 28, 1983 and their family members. Subjects were randomized into an experimental group of thrity one subjects and acontrol group of thirty subjects. Formulated hypothesis were examined by the utilization of t-test, Pearson corrleation coefficient, and analysis of covariance. In addition, the t-test were used to see if there were any similarities in the general traits between experimental and control groups. The findings were as follows; Hypothesis I-"The experimental group, as compared with the control group(no play therapy) will show a lower anxiety response score" was supported. Hypothesis II-"The emotional anxiety of the family member in the experimental group will be lower than that of the family in the control group" was supported. Hypothesis II-"The rewill be a positive correlation between the family members Anxiety Level and That of the sick child" were partially supported.

괴로국의 민족주의에 관한 연구 : 초기 만주국의 몽골과 한족

韓錫政 東亞大學校 1997 東亞論叢 Vol.34 No.-

Although there have been numerous attempts at defining and defining and clarifying the meaning of nation and nationalism, there is still not much consensus. Recent years again witness a flux within the discussion. It is suggested either in relationship with the great system, like colonialism or world system, or in connection with narratives. My position is somewhere in between. The idea of nation is “created” in relationship with the phenomenal system. but it is a floating notion, across the will of the creators. In Manchukuo, the idea of “Manchukuoans” were suggested by the managers of the puppet state in the hope of being acknowledged by the outside world polity. They were modern people. Modernity became an ethos in early Manchukuo. Once created, however, the notion curbed the alien rulers. For the nation had to be cared by “the sovereign state ” Mongols and Han-Chinese (or members of the manchukuoans) were somewhat protected in this vein. The idea of nation can be defined as fluidity which can be shaped in the container of the nation state but can be spilled over the clothes of the

공포로 상승된 경악반응에서의 편도체 노어에피네플린의 역할

한정수,신선희,김기석 한국심리학회 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.4 No.1

편도체가 공포나 불안을 담당하는 신경구조물임을 밝힌 많은 연구가 있다. 본 연구에서는 상승된 경악반응을 이용해, 편도체의 어떤 전달물질이 공포의 표현에 관여하는 지를 밝히기 위해 노어에피네플린만 선택적으로 감소시키는 DSP-4(30㎍/2.5㎕)를 조건화 후에 편도체에 주입하였다. 그리고 요힘빈에 의한 불안이나 공포의 증가가 편도체의 노어에피네플린 감소 후에도 나타나는지를 밝히기 위해, 경악반응을 측정하기 전에 체순환적으로 요힘빈(1.25㎎/㎏)을 주입하였다. 조건화 후에 DSP-4만을 주입받은 동물과 조건화 후에 DSP-4을 주입받고 나서 일주일 후에, 경악반응을 측정하기 전에 요힘빈을 체순환적으로 주입받은 동물은 상승된 경악반응을 보이지 않았다. 이 결과로 편도체의 노어에피네플린이 상승된 경악반응이 나타나기 위해서 필요하고, 요힘빈에 의한 상승된 경악반응의 촉진효과는 편도체에 노어에피네플린을 증가시킴으로써 나타났다고 할 수 있다. In many studies, amygdala is considered to be the neural structure that is involved in fear or anxiety, in human and mammals. This paper, using fear-potentiated startle responses as a measure of fear, was to see whether noradrenergic receptors in the amygdala are involved in the expression of fear Rats were implanted with bilateral cannulae aimed at the amygdala. After the conditioning, DSP-4(30㎍/㎕) was injected to the amygdala, DSP-4 selectively produces the degeneration of the noradrenergic receptors only. In addition, we tried to find out whether or not yohimbine, which is known to increase fear and/or anxiety, can produce the potentiated startle responses even after the degeneration of noradrenergicr receptors in the amygdala. For this, before test, yohimbine(1.25㎎/㎏) was injected systemically. Results showed that animals injected with DSP-4 did not show the potentiated startle responses, and neither did the aniamls with DSP-4 plus yohimbine before test. It may thus be concluded that the no epinephine in the amygdala is necessary for the expression of fear.