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Evaluation of Temporal Trends of Lead Exposure in Korean Workers Using Workplace Monitoring Data
Koh Dong-Hee,Choi Sangjun,Park Ju-Hyun,Lee Sang-Gil,Kim Hwan-Cheol,Kim Inah,Won Jong-Uk,Lim Dae Sung,Seo Hoekyeong,Park Dong-Uk 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.34
Background: Lead, which is widely used in various industrial settings, is a major health hazard for manufacturing workers. Therefore, control of lead exposure has been implemented in an effort to prevent lead-related health problems. In this study, our aim was to evaluate temporal trends in occupational lead exposure in Korean lead workers using data from monitoring of workplace exposure. Methods: A nationwide work environment monitoring database, data from a work environment monitoring institution, and data extracted from a review paper were utilized. Different versions of standard industrial classification codes were aligned with the 10th Korean Standard Industrial Classification, which is generally consistent with the 4th revision of the International Standard Industrial Classification. The multiple data sources were combined and temporal trends over the period from 1994–2021 were estimated. In addition, separate estimation of temporal trends in the storage battery manufacturing industry over the period from 1987–2021 was also performed. Results: A total of 444,296 personal airborne lead measurements were used for the estimation process. The temporal trends in occupational exposure to lead declined by −6% annually over the study period. In particular, levels of lead exposure in the storage battery manufacturing industry showed a steeper decline of −12% annually. Conclusions: Findings of our study showed that occupational exposure to lead declined over the period from 1994 to 2021 in Korea. However, adverse effects of exposure to lead on health should be regarded with caution. The results will be useful in conduct of epidemiological studies examining lead-related effects on health.
Koh, Dong-Hee,Park, Ju-Hyun,Lee, Sang-Gil,Kim, Hwan-Cheol,Jung, Hyejung,Kim, Inah,Choi, Sangjun,Park, Donguk Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2022 Safety and health at work Vol.13 No.3
Background: Occupational cancer is a global health issue. The Korean CARcinogen EXposure (K-CAREX), a database of CARcinogen EXposure, was developed for the Korean labor force to estimate the number of workers exposed to carcinogens by industry. The present study aimed to estimate the intensity of exposure to carcinogens by industry, in order to supply complementary information about CARcinogen EXposure intensity to the K-CAREX. Methods: We used nationwide workplace monitoring data from 2014 to 2016 and selected target carcinogens based on the K-CAREX list. We computed the 95th percentile levels of measurements for each industry by carcinogens. Based on the 95th percentile level relative to the occupational exposure limit, we classified the CARcinogen EXposure intensity into five exposure ratings (1-5) for each industry. Results: The exposure ratings were estimated for 21 carcinogenic agents in each of the 228 minor industry groups. For example, 3,058 samples were measured for benzene in the manufacturing industry of basic chemicals. This industry was assigned a benzene exposure rating of 3. Conclusions: We evaluated the CARcinogen EXposure ratings across industries in Korean workers. The results will provide information on the exposure intensity to carcinogens for integration into the K-CAREX. Furthermore, it will aid in prioritizing control efforts and identifying industries of concern.
0159 The relationship between low level benzene exposure and blood cell counts in Korean workers
Koh, Dong-Hee,Cheon, Hee-Kyung,Ryu, Hyang-Woo,Lee, Sang-Gil BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2014 Occupational and environmental medicine Vol.71 No.suppl1
<P><B>Objectives</B></P><P>Benzene is a well-known haematological toxin causing aplastic anaemia and leukaemia. Recent studies showed that low level benzene less than 1ppm disturbs the hematopoietic system. However, other studies did not show consistent results. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between low level benzene exposure and blood cell counts in Korean workers.</P><P><B>Method</B></P><P>Blood cell counts of benzene exposed workers were retrieved from a nationwide Worker’s Health Examination Database from 2003 to 2008. If a worker did not take a blood test for benzene during 2003–2004, the worker was regarded as a first exposed. Personal air benzene monitoring records were retrieved from nationwide Work Environment Monitoring Database from 2004–2008. Mean benzene levels were calculated and assigned for the various combinations of factory/industry/process codes. Mixed-effects models were employed to examine associations between benzene level, and the numbers of WBC, RBC, platelet, segmented neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>11 281 workers took blood tests during 2005–2008 for the first time. 8679 personal benzene measurements during 2004–2008 across industries were collected. RBC counts showed a significant negative association with low level benzene exposure with a dose-response relationship. WBCs also showed negative association, but did not show a dose-response relationship. Among WBCs, lymphocyte showed a stronger association with low level benzene than other cell types.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our findings support the hematotoxicity of low level benzene exposure. Further study with direct benzene measuring for first exposed workers is needed to confirm the low level benzene toxicity in Korean workers.</P>
고준(Joon Koh),최수정(Su-jeong Choi),임주동(Ju-dong Lim),이길형(Gil-hyung Lee) 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2009 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.9 No.3
This study proposes an analytical framework for online supporting services offered by technology trade agencies' web-sites which is composed of three categories: technology trade support, technology information support, and technology commercialization support. This framework is expected to provide a comparative analysis of online supporting service among agencies' web-sites. Furthermore, this study suggests a conceptual model including the relationship between the online supporting services and the performance of technology trade. In order to verify the usefulness of the conceptual model, we conducted two types of case studies: overall case analysis(with 36 web-sites of technology trade agencies) and in-depth case analysis(with 8 web-sites). The results showed that the core online supporting services promoting online technology trade are database on technology information, survey on technology demand, evaluation of technology's value, marketing for technology, human network, and database on buyers of technology. Also, it has been found that the more online supporting services does a technology trade agency offer, the more activated are online technology trades.
LiDAR 데이터와 임상도를 이용한 산림정보의 3차원 시각화
방은길,윤동현,고준환,Bang, Eun-Gil,Yoon, Dong-Hyun,Koh, June-Hwan 한국공간정보학회 2014 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.22 No.5
최근 생태자원에 대한 관심이 증가함에 따라, 자연환경의 복원과 보존이나 경관성 평가 등을 위해 생태자원을 3차원으로 시각화하려는 노력이 늘어나고 있다. 그러나 산림자원의 경우 정보의 추출은 활발하지만 그 정보를 활용하여 효과적으로 시각화 하려는 노력은 일어나지 않고 있다. 즉 산림자원의 시각화에 있어 현실적이지 못하거나 각종 분석에서 요구하는 시뮬레이션이 부적합한 경우가 다수이며 이를 효과적으로 시각화하려는 노력은 부족하였다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 항공 LiDAR 데이터와 항공사진, 임상도(Forest Type Map)를 통해 산림정보를 추출하여 Vegetation Layer를 생성한 후 Flora3D 수목모델링 툴과 ArcGlobe를 이용하여 Vegetation Layer를 3차원으로 정밀하게 시각화하였다. 지리정보시스템 내에서 사용자가 산림정보를 직관적이고 현실적으로 인식할 수 있도록 함으로써 생태자원의 복원과 보존, 도시경관 등을 위한 분석에 효율적으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. As recent interest in ecological resources increases, an effort in three-dimensional visualization of the ecological resources has increased for the restoration and preservation of the natural environment as well as the evaluation of the landscape. However, in the case of forest resources, information extraction has been active, but the effort in trying to apply that information into an effective visualization has not happened. In other words, the effort for effective visualization is lacking when it comes to the visualization of forest resources, and numerous cases are ether non-realistic or the simulation required for analysis is inappropriate. Therefore, this paper extracts information through the use of airborne LiDAR data, aerial photograph, and forest type maps to create a vegetation layer, and then uses Flora3D forest modeling tools and ArcGlobe to accurately visualize the vegetation layer into the three dimension. An effective application for restoration and preservation of ecological resources as well as analysis on the urban landscape can be considered as a result of intuitively and realistically enabling the user's awareness of forest information within the Geographic Information System.
Blood lead levels of Korean lead workers in 2003-2011
Ji-Hye Kim,Eun-A Kim,Dong-Hee Koh,Kiwhan Byun,Hyang-Woo Ryu,Sang-Gil Lee 대한직업환경의학회 2014 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.26 No.-
Objectives: This study aimed to document the trend in blood lead levels in Korean lead workers from 2003 until 2011 and blood lead levels within each of the main industries. Methods: Nine years (2003?2011) of blood lead level data measured during a special health examination of Korean lead workers and collected by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency were analyzed. Blood lead levels were determined by year, and a geometric mean (GM) was calculated for each industry division. Results: The overall GM blood lead level for all years combined (n = 365,331) was 4.35 μg/dL. The GM blood lead level decreased from 5.89 μg/dL in 2003 to 3.53 μg/dL in 2011. The proportion of the results ≥30 μg/dL decreased from 4.3% in 2003 to 0.8% in 2011. In the “Manufacture of Electrical Equipment” division, the GM blood lead level was 7.80 μg/dL, which was the highest among the industry divisions. The GM blood lead levels were 7.35 μg/dL and 6.77 μg/dL in the “Manufacturers of Rubber and Plastic Products” and the “Manufacture of Basic Metal Products” division, respectively. Conclusions: The blood lead levels in Korean lead workers decreased from 2003 to 2011 and were similar to those in the US and UK. Moreover, workers in industries conventionally considered to have a high risk of lead exposure also tended to have relatively high blood lead levels compared to those in other industries.