The Expression of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 on Immune Cells Is Related to a Better Prognosis in Biliary Tract Cancer

Kwon Sung Chan,Bang Seungmin,Park Young Nyun,Park Ji Hoon,Kim So Jeong,Jo Jung Hyun,Chung Moon Jae,Park Jeong Youp,Park Seung Woo,Song Si Young,Park Eunhyang,Lee Hee Seung 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.6

Background/Aims: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor cells is associated with a poor biliary tract cancer (BTC) prognosis; tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment are associated with a better prognosis. The effect of PD-L1 expression on immune cells on survival is unclear. We investigated the relationship between PD-L1 expression in immune cells and BTC prognosis. Methods: PD-L1 expression was evaluated using an anti-PD-L1 22C3 mouse monoclonal primary antibody, and its relationships with clinical characteristics and prognosis were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model to investigate the prognostic performance of PD-L1 in BTC. Results: Among 144 analyzed cases, patients with positive PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and negative PD-L1 expression in immune cells showed poorer overall survival rates than those exhibiting other expressions (tumor cells: hazard ratio [HR]=1.023, p<0.001; immune cells: HR=0.983, p=0.021). PD-L1 expression in tumor cells was an independent predictor of poor overall survival (HR=1.024, p<0.001). In contrast, PD-L1 expression in immune cells was a predictive marker of good prognosis (HR=0.983, p=0.018). Conclusions: PD-L1 expression in immune cells may be used as an independent factor to evaluate the prognosis of patients with BTC.

Targeted Sequencing Analysis of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma with Multiple Synchronous Ground-Glass/Lepidic Nodules

Park, Eunhyang,Ahn, Soyeon,Kim, Hyojin,Park, Soo Young,Lim, Jisun,Kwon, Hyun Jung,Han, Yeon Bi,Lee, Choon-Taek,Cho, Sukki,Chung, Jin-Haeng Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY Vol.13 No.11

Membranous Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor (IGF1R) Expression Is Predictive of Poor Prognosis in Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ( <i>EGFR</i> )-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma

Park, Eunhyang,Park, Soo Young,Kim, Hyojin,Sun, Ping-Li,Jin, Yan,Cho, Suk Ki,Kim, Kwhanmien,Lee, Choon-Taek,Chung, Jin-Haeng The Korean Society of Pathologists and the Korean 2015 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.49 No.5

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) is a membrane receptor-type tyrosine kinase that has attracted considerable attention as a potential therapeutic target, although its clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is controversial. This study aimed to clarify the clinical significance of IGF1R expression in human NSCLC.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>IGF1R protein expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry in 372 patients with NSCLC who underwent curative surgical resection (146 squamous cell carcinomas [SqCCs] and 226 adenocarcinomas [ADCs]). We then analyzed correlations between expression of IGF1R and clinicopathological and molecular features and prognostic significance.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Membranous and cytoplasmic IGF1R expression were significantly higher in SqCCs than in ADCs. In patients with SqCC, membranous IGF1R expression was associated with absence of vascular, lymphatic, and perineural invasion; lower stage; and better progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.586; p = .040). In patients with ADC, IGF1R expression did not have a significant prognostic value; however, in the subgroup of epidermal growth factor receptor (<I>EGFR</I>)-mutant ADC, membranous IGF1R expression was associated with lymphatic and perineural invasion, solid predominant histology, and higher cancer stage and was significantly associated with worse PFS (HR, 2.582; p = .009).</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>Lung ADC and SqCC showed distinct IGF1R expression profiles that demonstrated prognostic significance. High membranous IGF1R expression was predictive of poor PFS in <I>EGFR</I>-mutant lung ADC, while it was predictive of better PFS in SqCC. These findings will help improve study design for subsequent investigations and select patients for future anti-IGF1R therapy.</P>

고령자를 위한 신체활동으로서 발레

박은향(Eunhyang Park) 한국노년학연구회 2020 한국 노년학연구 Vol.29 No.1

본고에서는 신체활동으로서 무용이 고령자의 신체적, 인지적 및 사회적 기능에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 다음, 무용의 유형 중 발레의 특성 논의와 함께 고령자, 특히 고령의 환자들을 위한 발레프로그램의 필요성을 제시하였다. 먼저 노화로 인한 고령자의 특성 변화와 신체활동이 주는 효과에 대해 알아보았다. 규칙적인 신체활동은 신체기능을 개선시켜 낙상이나 만성질환의 위험을 낮추어주고, 인지기능의 저하를 예방해주고, 또 자존감을 고취시켜 긍정적인 정서 상태를 유지시켜준다. 규칙적인 신체 활동 중 무용은 일반 운동에 비해 신체적, 인지적, 사회적 기능에서 더 효과적인 활동이며, 역시 균형 및 자세 안정성 유지에 효과가 뛰어나다. 특히 발레는 다른 유형의 무용에 비해 표현성이 요구되어 언어적 소통이 뛰어난 활동으로 가장 치료적인 무용이다. 바(barre)를 이용하는 발레는 근력이 약한 고령자나 파킨슨병 환자에게도 유용한 활동이고, 복잡한 발레 기본 동작은 도전의식을 키워주는 등 정신건강에도 긍정적이며, 또 뇌 활성화를 통해 치매 예방에도 효과적이다. 이러한 발레는 해외에서 고령자를 위한 프로그램으로 개발되어 활용되고 있으나, 국내에서는 활용 수준이 미흡한 편이다. 본고의 후반부에서는 고령의 환자들에게 치료 효과를 얻기 위한 발레프로그램의 필요성을 논했다. Dancing is a beneficial physical activity to improve physical, cognitive and social functions, and all the benefits of dancing, especially ballet, for older adults including elderly patients were portrayed in this paper. Characteristics of old age and their relations with physical activities were briefly sketched at the introductory part of the paper. Regular physical activity improves the physical function and lowers the risk of falls or chronic diseases, prevents cognitive decline, and boosts self-esteem, resulting in increased positive emotions. Regular dancing is more effective in boosting physical, cognitive and social functions, especially maintaining balance and posture stability than regular exercise. Ballet, which requires more expression compared to other types of dance, would be the most therapeutic dance with verbal communication. Especially ballet barre exercising is considered to be a beneficial form of physical activity for the older adults who have weak muscles or Parkinson’s disease, and basic but complex movements of ballet are effective means of building a sense of challenge, improving mental health, and preventing dementia through brain activation. Ballet-based exercise has been extensively applied as a health promotion program for older adults in many countries, but not much in Korea. In the last part of this paper, it was discussed that effective therapy program based on ballet movement would be needed for the elderly patients.

IPTV 미들웨어 표준 참조구현 개발

박동영(Park, DongYoung),박현권(Park, HyeonKweon),이은향(Lee, EunHyang) 한국방송·미디어공학회 2011 한국방송공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.11

IPTV는 방통융합기술의 대표적인 매체로서 기존의 단방향 방송과는 차별화된 양방향 서비스를 특징으로 하는 새로운 방송매체로, 우리나라는 이미 IPTV 상용 서비스를 시작하고 있다. 그러나, 초기 데이터방송 송출환경 및 애플리케이션의 방식 등이 서로 상이하여 애플리케이션의 호환성 문제가 대두 됨에 따라, IPTV 미들웨어의 표준화가 진행되고 있으며, 현재도 개정작업이 진행되고 있다. 이렇듯 표준화가 진행됨에 따라, IPTV 서비스 플랫폼 상호호환성 확보의 핵심인 미들웨어에 대한 표준 미들웨어를 개발하여 업계에 배포 활용하게 함으로써 표준 API의 정착 및 중소 업체에 시장 진입의 기회를 부여하고자 IPTV 미들웨어 표준 참조구현을 개발하게 되었다. 미디어 재생, 그래픽 객체 표현 기능, 리모콘 가상화 등의 미들웨어 실행환경 및 IPTV 미들웨어 표준에 부합하는 API를 구현하여 Windows OS상에서 동작하도록 개발되었으며, Java VM(Virtual Machine)에서 동작하는 자바기반 미들웨어와 웹애플리케이션 실행 플랫폼을 통해 구동되는 웹기반 미들웨어를 같이 개발영역에 포함하여 개발하였다.

Randomized comparison between sentinel lymph node mapping using indocyanine green plus a fluorescent camera versus lymph node dissection in clinical stage I-II endometrial cancer: a Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group trial (KGOG2029/SELYE)

Jeong-Yeol Park,Ju-Hyun Kim,Eunhyang Park,Sang Wun Kim 대한부인종양학회 2022 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.33 No.6

Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping has been suggested as an alternative surgical technique to full lymphadenectomy for early-stage endometrial cancer. However, the survival outcomes of SLN mapping compared with lymphadenectomy have not been established via a prospective study. Methods: A multi-center, single-blind, randomized controlled trial has been designed to determine the prognostic value of SLN mapping alone compared with conventional lymphadenectomy for patients with clinical stage I-II endometrial cancer. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio between the group to undergo SLN mapping using indocyanine green and the conventional lymph node dissection group. A high-risk group will undergo a 2-step SLN mapping procedure.The primary endpoint is the 3-year disease-free survival (DFS). The secondary endpoints are 3-year overall survival (OS), 5-year DFS, 5-year OS after surgery, pattern of recurrence, immediate surgical outcomes, success rate of SLN mapping, postoperative lymph-related complications, postoperative quality of life, and postoperative cost effectiveness. The role of pathologic ultrastaging of SLNs will also be assessed.

IPTV 단말 프로비저닝 절차 시험환경 개발

박동영(Park, DongYoung),이은향(Lee, EunHyang) 한국방송·미디어공학회 2012 한국방송공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.11

IPTV는 방통융합의 대표적인 매체로 자리 매김하며 2008년 상용서비스를 시작으로 계속 진화하고 있다. 그러나, 초기 서로 다른 방식으로 IPTV 서비스를 시작함으로 인해 상호운용성 문제가 대두 됨에 따라, TTA를 통해 IPTV 분야의 표준화가 시작되어 현재도 다양한 IPTV 분야의 기 제정된 표준의 개정 작업 및 신규 분야의 표준화를 계속 추진하고 있다. 이렇듯 표준화가 진행됨에 따라, IPTV 단말의 사업자 간의 이동성을 보장하기 위한 노력이 계속되고 있으며, 그 중 하나로 IPTV 단말 프로비저닝 절차 표준화가 추진되어 현재까지 2번의 개정 작업을 통해 표준안의 보완/수정 작업 등이 진행되어 2차 개정판이 완료되었다. 이에 TTA에서는 해당 표준을 구현한 STB 등 단말과 서버에 대한 표준적합성 시험을 위한 시험규격을 개발하였다. IPTV 단말 프로비저닝 절차 표준에서는 단말의 네트워크 접속부터 펌웨어/소프트웨어 업그레이드, IPTV 서비스를 탐색하기 위한 정보 전달을 위한 절차를 정의하고 있으며, 각 절차별 데이터 형식 및 프로토콜을 검증하기 위한 시험항목을 개발하였으며, 표준안 검증 및 시험 서비스 제공을 위한 시험환경을 구축하였다.

부·모의 가족상호작용과 양육효능감, 유아의 내재화 및 외현화 문제행동 간의 구조적 관계

박성혜(Sunghae Park),김은향(Eunhyang Kim) 한국보육지원학회 2019 한국보육지원학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the structural relationship and influence of parents’family interaction, parenting efficacy, and child internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. Methods: 1,418 children and their parents, and survey data from a panel study on Korean children (2014), were used to analyze the structural equation model. Results: First, the mother s family interaction had direct influence on their parenting efficacy, as well as their child s internalization and externalization. Second, the father s family interaction had a direct influence only on the internal problem behaviors of the child, and child external problem behaviors were influenced through the father s parenting efficacy. Third, parenting efficacy mediated the effects of family interaction on the problem behavior of children. Especially, the father s family interaction was found to affect child variables through the mother s parenting efficacy. Finally, the internalizing problem behaviors of the child mediated the effects of the parents’family interaction and parenting efficacy on child externalizing problem behaviors. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study are significant in that the factors of father, mother, and child are interrelated, and that parent interaction has varying influence on the problems of their children.

다복마을의 사라져가는 전통문화를 보존하기 위한 청년문화공간 조성 방안 연구

남은향(Nam, Eunhyang),장유진(Jang, Yu jin),이현영(Lee, Hyun Young),박수경(Park, Su Kyong) 한국주거학회 2023 한국주거학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.35 No.2

한국판 청소년 창의성 검사척도 CreATe 타당화

박경빈(Kyung Bin, Park),김은향(Eunhyang, Kim) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.1

There are a few instruments that aim to measure creative thinking skills of school age students indirectly, such as using questionnaires and observations by others. Less number of instruments are in use which assess the actual performance of the students. The purpose of this study was to develop a performance based creativity test(CreATe) for middle school age students in Korea. The items were based on the Aurora-a intelligence test developed by Chart, Grigorenko and Sternberg (2006), and was adapted to the age level adn culture. To this end, 286 middle school students in Seoul were given the CreATe test and a KEDI creativity personlity test(Yoo et al.,2011) for criterion validity. As a result of the study, the internal validity and criterion validity were acceptable. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis showed that a 3-factor structure was suitable, which is in accordance with the theoretical model, and convergence validity showed moderate to strong correlations. Thus CreATe may be used to study middle school age students’s creative thinking skills directly, in a simple way, within a short time. Finally, implications on the usefulness of this scale and the direction of subsequent research are discussed. 본 연구는 Chart, Grigorenko와 Stenberg(2006)가 개발한 Aurora-a 지능 검사를 바탕으로 한국 중학생을 위한 창의성 검사(CreATe)를 개발하고 타당도를 검증하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 서울의 중학생 286명을 대상으로 CreATe 검사 및 창의인성 검사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 CreATe 검사의 내적 타당도 수준이 양호하였으며, 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석 결과 3요인 구조가 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 척도의 수렴타당도를 확인한 결과, 모든 상관이 보통에서 강한 정도의 정적 상관을 보여, 이 척도의 수렴타당도를 확보하였다. 또한 CreATe검사 전체 및 3개 하위요인 모두 창의인성검사 결과를 의미 있는 수준에서 예측하여 준거 타당도를 충족하였다. 끝으로 본 척도의 활용성 및 후속 연구 방향에 대해 논의하였다.