A Case Report for Using Methylprednisolone for Severe ARDS Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in a Pediatric Patient With Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

Esther Park,Jihye You 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.10

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 can result in fatal comorbidities, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Several reports suggest that children have milder illness, though severe cases have still been reported. We report a 9-year-old boy with ARDS caused by the SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) variant. He was admitted to our hospital and carefully observed due to underlying Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. He developed intractable seizures with a high fever. Although the seizures were controlled, his respiratory condition deteriorated to severe ARDS. High-dose methylprednisolone was administered with high positive end-expiratory pressure and low tidal volume. After ARDS treatment, oxygenation improved sufficiently to permit extubation. This case suggests that close observation is required in pediatric patients with neurologic comorbidities because of an increased risk for severe COVID-19.

The prevalence of hypertension in Haiti : A retrospective study

Park, Esther O.,Jang, Gunja The Korean Data and Information Science Society 2015 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.26 No.4

The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of hypertension in Haiti and to describe regional characteristics, and thus to speculate Haitian specific regional risk factors. This is a descriptive and comparative study. Subjects were 145 male/female Haitians, who aged between 30 and 59 and have lived in rural areas, had their hypertension indicators being screened. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. More than four fifth of the subjects (82.8%) showed pre-hypertensive or moderate to severe hypertensive condition. 65.5% of the total had abnormal pulse pressure ($PP{\geq}50$) and 13.8% of the sample showed tachycardia (Heart $Rate{\geq}100$). Female Haitian tended to have higher diastolic blood pressure and faster heart rate than male Haitian. The residents who lived in Part 5-1 area with less accessibility to drinking water tended to have higher systolic and diastolic pressure. Hydration status of Haitians was highly considered as an affecting factor on the distribution of hypertension as evidenced by different level of accessibility to drinking water.

The prevalence of hypertension in Haiti: A retrospective study

Esther O Park,Gunja Jang 한국데이터정보과학회 2015 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.26 No.4

The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of hypertension in Haiti and to describe regional characteristics, and thus to speculate Haitian specific regional risk factors. This is a descriptive and comparative study. Subjects were 145 male/female Haitians, who aged between 30 and 59 and have lived in rural areas, had their hypertension indicators being screened. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. More than four fifth of the subjects (82.8%) showed pre-hypertensive or moderate to severe hypertensive condition. 65.5% of the total had abnormal pulse pressure (PP≥50) and 13.8% of the sample showed tachycardia (Heart Rate≥100). Female Haitian tended to have higher diastolic blood pressure and faster heart rate than male Haitian. The residents who lived in Part 5-1 area with less accessibility to drinking water tended to have higher systolic and diastolic pressure. Hydration status of Haitians was highly considered as an affecting factor on the distribution of hypertension as evidenced by different level of accessibility to drinking water.

Development of a novel drug delivery system measuring pressure of needle and providing correct injection position by deep learning

Esther Park,Byeong Soo Kim,Taeshin Jung,Kwang Gi Kim 대한전자공학회 2019 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.6

Complications of the Central Nervous System in Pediatric Patients With Common Cold Coronavirus Infection During 2014–2019

Park Hwanhee,Kim Kyung-Ran,Huh Hee Jae,Yoon Yoonsun,Park Esther,Cho Joongbum,Lee Jiwon,Lee Jeehun,Kim Ji Hye,Kim Yae-Jean 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.46

Background: In pediatric patients, the common cold coronavirus (ccCoV) usually causes mild respiratory illness. There are reports of coronavirus causing central nervous system (CNS) infection in experimental animal models. Some immunocompromised patients have also been reported to have fatal CNS infections with ccCoV. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of CNS complications related to ccCoV infection. Methods: From January 2014 to December 2019, a retrospective analysis was performed of medical records from hospitalized patients under 19 years of age whose ccCoV was detected through polymerase chain reaction in respiratory specimens. The CNS complications were defined as clinically diagnosed seizure, meningitis, encephalopathy, and encephalitis. Results: A total of 436 samples from 420 patients were detected as ccCoV. Among the 420 patients, 269 patients were immunocompetent and 151 patients were immunocompromised. The most common type of ccCoV was OC43 (52% in immunocompetent, 37% in immunocompromised). CNS complications were observed in 9.4% (41/436). The most common type of CNS complication was the fever-provoked seizure under pre-existing neurologic disease (42% in immunocompetent and 60% in immunocompromised patients). Among patients with CNS complications, two immunocompetent patients required intensive care unit admission due to encephalitis. Three patients without underlying neurological disease started anti-seizure medications for the first time at this admission. There was no death related to ccCoV infection. Conclusion: ccCoV infection may cause severe clinical manifestations such as CNS complications or neurologic sequelae, even in previously healthy children.

빛과 꽃을 가지고 행한 도시의 삶의 재현에 관한 창작 연구 -기억의 습작-

박에스터 ( Park Esther ),유택상 ( Yoo Taek Sang ) 한국화예디자인학회 2016 한국화예디자인학 연구 Vol.36 No.-

지금까지 화예 작품 속에서 빛의 역할은 대부분 작품이 보여지도록 밝히는 일반적 의미의 조명으로서 사용되는 것이 보통이었다. 작가는 본 작품에서 이 빛을 작품을 구성하는 부품으로서 나아가 작품의 주제를 드러내는 장치로서 사용하고자 하였다. 구체적 기법으로는 광섬유, LED, 영상 등 여러 종류의 빛을 화예작품과 결합하여 사용하였고 이를 통해 분위기를 형성하고 주제를 구성하며 그 내용이 잘 드러내도록 총체적 연출을 시도하였다. 특히 본 작품에서는 도시의 버려진 사물을 대표하는 폐 자동차를 선택하여 낡은 자동차를 감싸고 자라나는 풀과 꽃을 연출하였고 나아가 그 풀과 꽃들 사이로 휘감겨진 와이어와 빛을 통해 황폐화 된 도시 속에서도 나름대로의 생명력을 찾아가는 생물의 힘과 더불어 그 버려짐의 안스러움을 함께 표현하려 하였다. 또한 그들이 가진 이야기를 프로젝션으로 제시하였다. 그 결과 조형적 오브제와 화예, 빛, 그리고 프로젝션이 결합된 멀티미디어 입체설치물로서 구성되어졌다. The light is used to make the work to be seen in in most of floral art works generally. I tried to used the light more actively as a component of work as well as a tool for representing its theme. Light fiber, LED and video projection mingled with flowers were applied to create atmosphere, to present its theme as well as to make viewer to feel and enjoy the theme of the art work. Especially a rust abandoned car was introduced to evoke desolation of lonely city life as a typical symbol of contemporary city civilization. All the flowers mingled with wire are winding the abandoned car and the car is projecting its story through the video projection on the wall. That says the sad story of lonely life of contemporay city wherein you still continue to live anyway.

중도입국 다문화 청소년이 지각한 가족관계 유형에 관한 Q방법론적 분석

박에스더(Park, Esther),유순화(Yoo, Soonhwa),정애리(Chung, Aeree) 한국청소년정책연구원 2017 한국청소년연구 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 Q방법론을 사용하여 중도입국 다문화 청소년이 지각한 가족관계 유형을 확인하고 각 유형별 특성을 분석하는 데 있다. Q모집단을 구축하기 위해 문헌연구와 중도입국 다문화 청소년, 다문화 청소년을 상담한 경험이 있는 현장 전문가, 다문화 학교 교사, 교육학 교수 등과 인터뷰를 실시하여, 최종적으로 중도입국 다문화 청소년의 가족관계 특성을 나타낼 수 있는 36개의 Q표본을 선정하였다. 연구대상자인 P표본은 11~20세의 중도입국 다문화 청소년 33명으로 구성되었다. 본 연구에서는 PQMethod를 사용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 중도입국 다문화 청소년이 지각한 가족관계 유형은 1) 가족 의존적 적응형, 2) 능동적 적응형, 3) 회피적 갈등형의 세 가지로 나타났다. 제 1유형에 속한 중도입국 다문화 청소년들은 한국에서 생활한지 얼마 되지 않았기 때문에 가족의 도움을 받으면서 적응하고 있었다. 제 2유형의 청소년들은 새로운 가족과 어느 정도 안정적인 생활을 하고 있었고, 다른 유형에 비해 뛰어난 적응력을 보였으며 독립적이고 진취적인 모습을 나타내었다. 그리고 제 3유형에 속한 청소년들은 새로운 가족과의 관계가 제대로 형성되지 못하고 침체되어 있었으며, 가족 내에서 갈등을 느끼고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 중도입국 다문화 청소년의 가족관계에서 나타나는 다양한 현상과 주관적 인식을 유형화하여 분석하고, 그에 따른 적절한 지원방향을 제시하였다. 연구의 결과는 중도입국 다문화 청소년 가정이 직면하고 있는 어려움을 돕고 이들의 가족관계를 개선하기 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the family relation types amongst immigrant youth making use of Q methodology. Thirty-six Q statements representing the familial relationship characteristics of immigrant youth were drawn from a literature review and interviews with immigrant youths, multicultural youth counselors, multicultural school teachers, and professors majoring in education. The study participants consisted of 33 immigrant youths, aged from 11 to 20 years old. This study analyzed data by means of the PQ Method. The result of our Q analysis produced three types of family relation types: 1) the type of family-dependent adaptation, 2) the type of active adaptation, 3) the type of avoidant conflict. The immigrant youths belonging to type 1 were adapting to a new environment with assistance from their family because they had only been resident for a relatively short time in Korea. The immigrant youths belonging to type 2 were living a relatively stable life with their family. They proved to be adaptable persons and revealed independent and progressive characteristics. In the case of type 3, their family relationships were not satisfactory, but in fact stagnant. Additionally, they felt the presence of conflict within their families. This study analyzed various phenomenon and subjective recognition on the part of the immigrant youths regarding their family relationships, and suggested more appropriate supportive directions, according to each type. The results of the study are expected to be used as baseline data for helping to resolve the family problems encountered by immigrant youths and to assist in improving their relationships.

이중 언어 기반 패러프레이즈 추출을 위한 피봇 차별화 방법

박에스더(Esther Park),이형규(Hyoung-Gyu Lee),김민정(Min-Jeong Kim),임해창(Hae-Chang Rim) 한국인지과학회 2011 인지과학 Vol.22 No.1

패러프레이즈는 같은 의미를 다른 단어를 사용하여 표현한 것을 말한다. 패러프레이즈는 일상적인 언어생활에서도 흔히 관측되며 자연어처리 분야에서 다양하게 활용할 수 있다. 특히 최근에는 통계적 기계 번역 분야에서 데이터 부족 문제를 보완하여 번역 성능을 향상시키기 위해 패러프레이즈를 활용한 연구가 많다. 이중 언어 병렬 말뭉치를 이용하는 패러프레이즈 추출 과정에서는 일반적으로 다른 언어를 피봇으로 사용하기 때문에 단어 정렬 및 구 정렬 과정을 두 번 거친다. 따라서 단어 정렬의 오류가 패러프레이즈로 전파될 수 있다. 특히 한국어와 영어와 같이 언어의 구조적인 차이가 큰 경우에는 단어 정렬 오류가 더 심각하기 때문에 피봇 프레이즈부터 잘못 추출되는 경우가 많아진다. 이러한 문제를 보완하기 위해 본 논문에서는 패러프레이즈 추출 과정에서 피봇 프레이즈를 차별화하는 방안으로서 어휘, 품사 정보를 이용해 올바른 피봇 프레이즈에 더 높은 가중치를 부여하는 방법을 제안한다. 실험 결과, 제안하는 피봇 가중치 부여 방법을 기존의 패러프레이즈 추출 방법에 추가했을 때 패러프레이즈 추출 정확률과 재현율이 모두 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 제안하는 방법을 통해 추출한 패러프레이즈를 한영 기계 번역 시스템에서 활용하였을때 번역률이 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다. Paraphrasing is the act of writing a text using other words without altering the meaning. Paraphrases can be used in many fields of natural language processing. In particular, paraphrases can be incorporated in machine translation in order to improve the coverage and the quality of translation. Recently, the approaches on paraphrase extraction utilize bilingual parallel corpora, which consist of aligned sentence pairs. In these approaches, paraphrases are identified, from the word alignment result, by pivot phrases which are the phrases in one language to which two or more phrases are connected in the other language. However, the word alignment is itself a very difficult task, so there can be many alignment errors. Moreover, the alignment errors can lead to the problem of selecting incorrect pivot phrases. In this study, we propose a method in paraphrase extraction that discriminates good pivot phrases from bad pivot phrases. Each pivot phrase is weighted according to its reliability, which is scored by considering the lexical and part-of-speech information. The experimental result shows that the proposed method achieves higher precision and recall of the paraphrase extraction than the baseline. Also, we show that the extracted paraphrases can increase the coverage of the Korean-English machine translation.

Two Case Reports of Life-Threatening Croup Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 Variant in Pediatric Patients

Soyeon Park,Jihye You,Jaehyeon Lee,Esther Park 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.24

Croup is a common upper airway infection characterized by a barking cough, stridor, and hoarseness. It is usually caused by viral infection. A small number of croup caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported in children before the omicron variant surge. Previously reported cases indicated that croup caused by COVID-19 can be treated in the same manner as those with other viral causes. We describe two cases (9-monthold girl and 11-month-old boy) of previously healthy infants who presented with a barking cough and chest retraction and required endotracheal intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Despite receiving dexamethasone and nebulized racemic epinephrine (NRE) treatment for croup in the emergency department, these patients still developed acute respiratory failure. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal samples revealed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) omicron BA.2 variant (Stealth omicron) and no other common respiratory viral pathogens. Both patients were treated with mechanical ventilation, dexamethasone, and NRE in the pediatric intensive care unit. The duration of intubation was 112 hours and 80 hours, respectively. Both patients were discharged without complications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of life-threatening croup produced by the omicron BA.2 variant and confirmed by RT-PCR. We suggest that this SARS-CoV-2 variant may cause severe croup that may not improve with conventional treatment, even in children without underlying diseases.

워드 클라우드 기법과 KJ법을 통한 교양교육 연구 동향

박애스더(Park, Esther),김정민(Joungmin Kim) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 최근 대학의 교양교육 동향을 파악하기 위해 정량분석(빅데이터)과 KJ법을 활용한 정성적 분석을 시행하였다. 정량분석은 워드클라우드를 활용하여 교양 관련 키워드를 시각적으로 알아볼 수 있도록 하였으며 더 나아가 도출된 키워드들의 전체상과 구조를 한눈에 파악하기 위하여 KJ법을 적용하였다. 지난 10년간(2010년 1월-2019년 12월) ‘교양교육’으로 검색된 등재후보지 이상의 학술지에 게재된 학술논문은 총 836건이었으며, 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학술지에 게재된 교양교육에 대한 년도 별 동향은 2007년을 기점으로 점점 증가추세를 보이다가 2016년을 기점을 전체 교양교육 연구의 15%가 상승하였음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 교양교육 연구들은 워드클라우드 분석 결과, 교양교육과 관련하여 높은 빈도를 보인 키워드는 교육과정, 매개효과, 분석, 연구, 학습자, 자기효능감, 핵심역량 순이었다. 둘째, 키워드 분석 결과로 도출된 209개 키워드의 전체상을 파악하고자 KJ법을 활용하여 키워드 구조를 분석한 결과, ‘교육 분과(61)’, ‘교육 지향점(52)’, ‘교육 운영(42)’, ‘교육 주제(26)’, ‘교수법(21)’, ‘연구 방법(7)’이라는 6개의 그룹이 도출되었다. 그 결과, 미래산업에 대한 역량을 높이기 위한 노력의 일환으로 교양교육 운용에 대한 고민이 제기되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 최근 10년간 교양교육의 연구 동향을 파악하기 위해 워드클라우드와 KJ법을 활용하였으며, 이를 통해 향후 교양교육 연구를 위한 현안 및 시사점을 제공한다는 점에서 학문적 의의가 있다. This study conducted a quantitative analysis (big data) and a qualitative analysis using the KJ method to understand the recent trends in liberal arts education in universities. Quantitative analysis made it possible to visually recognize keywords related to culture using word cloud, and further applied the KJ method to grasp the overall image and structure of the derived keywords at a glance. In the past 10 years (January 2010-December 2019), a total of 836 academic papers were published in journals with nominations or higher searched for ‘liberal education’, and the main research results are as follows. First, it can be seen that the annual trend of liberal arts education published in academic journals gradually increased from 2007, and then 15% of the total liberal arts education research increased from 2016. Second, liberal arts education studies were in the order of word cloud analysis, and keywords that showed high frequency related to liberal arts education were in the order of curriculum, mediating effect, analysis, research, learners, self-efficacy, and core competencies. Second, as a result of analyzing the keyword structure using the KJ method to grasp the overall picture of 209 keywords derived from the word cloud analysis result, ‘education division(61)’, ‘education direction(52)’, ‘management(42)’, ‘education subject(26)’, ‘teaching method(21)’, and ‘research method(7)’, 6 groups were derived. It can be seen that concerns have been raised about the management of liberal arts education as part of an effort to enhance capabilities for future industries. This study has academic significance in that it provides current issues and implications for future liberal arts education research through the use of word cloud and the KJ method to grasp the research trends of liberal arts education in the last 10 years.