Staging the Fool and the “Stage of Fools” : King Lear by Shakespeare and Kozintsev

Hwanhee PARK 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2014 탈경계인문학 Vol.7 No.3

Human existence as parallel to actors playing their roles on stage is an important theme expressed in Shakespeare’s King Lear and Grigori Kozintsev’s film adaptation of the same play. Following the tradition of the truth saying fool as depicted by Erasmus in Praise of Folly, the Fool in Shakespeare and Kozintsev plays an important role in highlighting to Lear and the audience that the kingly pomp and authority are mere props in the stage of the world. Kozintsev’s staging of the Fool, while deviating the most from the play, serves to convey the message of Shakespeare’s King Lear. Kozintsev’s Fool is visible throughout the film, entering the scene with the king and remaining in the scene even after the king dies. The Fool grows closer to King Lear in proximity as the King is stripped of his authority. Moreover, the Fool controls the tune of the film’s last scene as he plays music, and enacts the birth into the stage of fools. Such extended presence of the Fool is used by the director to convey the universal message on the nature of human existence explored in Shakespeare.

Lady Off the Court: Nibelungenlied’s Criticism of Courtliness

Hwanhee Park(박환희) 한국외국어대학교 외국문학연구소 2021 외국문학연구 Vol.- No.81

『니벨룽의 노래』의 등장인물 크림힐트는 작중 궁정성(courtliness)에 대한 저자의 비판의식을 드러내는 인물이다. 궁정인다운 옷과 궁정식 사랑은 부르군트의 귀족 사회의 위상을 드높여 야만적인 니벨룽과 그들의 영웅서사시적 공격성과 대조를 이루게 한다. 비록 이 궁정적 면모를 드러내는 것은 남성이지만, 궁정적인 외관을 이루는 옷과 궁정식 사랑은 여성, 특히 크림힐트의 참여와 협조가 있기에 가능하다. 크림힐트는 궁정의 귀부인으로 궁정성의 표면상의 모습을 만들어내는데 핵심적인 역할을 수행한다. 그러나 크림힐트가 만들어내고 유지하던 궁정적인 외양의 의미는 다른 궁정인들 뿐 아니라 크림힐트 본인에 의해 변질된다. 궁정의 숙녀에서 복수의 화신으로 변하는 크림힐트는 옷과 재물로 표현되는 궁정성은 쉽게 벗겨지고 폭력과 파괴를 억제하는 데 효과를 발휘하지 못함을 작중 누구보다 명확히 드러낸다. 결과적으로 『니벨룽의 노래』는 궁정성이 폭력을 억제하고 공동체를 유지하는 데 활용될 수 있는 가치가 아님을 지적한다. The depiction of Kriemhild in the Nibelungenlied can be read as a criticism on courtliness as a value that attempts, but fails, to control the heroic age’s violence. Courtly clothes and courtly love function as ways to elevate the aristocratic society of the Burgundians over the wild Nibelungs and their heroic violence. Even though men are at the forefront of the courtly display, the material layers of courtliness in the work is made possible through women’s participation, especially Kriemhild. But the surface appearance of courtliness made possible and sustained by Kriemhild is corrupted by Kriemhild herself. Kriemhild’s shift from the lady of the court to the vengeful, demonized woman demonstrates that courtliness expressed through clothes and wealth are external layers that can be easily removed, causing violence and destruction to take over. As a result, the Nibelungenlied presents the shortcomings of courtliness as a value that suppresses violence and maintains a community.

Susceptibility to Fosfomycin and Nitrofurantoin of ESBL-Positive Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated From Urine of Pediatric Patients

Park Ki-Sup,Kim Doo Ri,Baek Jin Yang,Shin Areum,Kim Kyung-Ran,Park Hwanhee,Son Sohee,Cho Heeyeon,Kim Yae-Jean 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.48

Background: Pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive gram-negative bacilli (GNB) has limited options for oral antibiotic treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of ESBLpositive Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from pediatric urine samples to two oral antibiotics (fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin). Methods: From November 2020 to April 2022, ESBL-positive E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from urine samples were collected at Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. Patients over 18 years of age or with malignancy were excluded. For repeated isolates from the same patient, only the first isolate was tested. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured using agar (fosfomycin) or broth (nitrofurantoin) dilution methods. MIC50 and MIC90 were measured for fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Results: There were 117 isolates from 117 patients, with a median age of 7 months (range, 0.0–18.5 years). Among 117 isolates, 92.3% (108/117) were E. coli and 7.7% (9/117) were K. pneumoniae. Isolates from the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and general ward (GW) was 11.1% (13/117) and 88.9% (104/117), respectively. Among 108 E. coli isolates, MIC50 and MIC90 for fosfomycin were 0.5 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL, respectively. Fosfomycin susceptibility rate was 97.2% (105/108) with a breakpoint of 128 μg/mL. Fosfomycin susceptibility rate was significantly lower in PICU isolates than in GW isolates (81.8% vs. 99.0%, P = 0.027). For nitrofurantoin, both the MIC50 and MIC90 were 16 μg/mL. Nitrofurantoin susceptibility rate was 96.3% (104/108) with a breakpoint of 64 μg/mL based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Among the nine K. pneumoniae isolates, the MIC50 and MIC90 for fosfomycin was 2 μg/mL and 32 μg/mL, respectively. MIC50 and MIC90 for nitrofurantoin were 64 μg/mL and 128 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: For uncomplicated UTI caused by ESBL-positive GNB in Korean children, treatment with fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin for E. coli infections can be considered as an effective oral therapy option.

Complications of the Central Nervous System in Pediatric Patients With Common Cold Coronavirus Infection During 2014–2019

Park Hwanhee,Kim Kyung-Ran,Huh Hee Jae,Yoon Yoonsun,Park Esther,Cho Joongbum,Lee Jiwon,Lee Jeehun,Kim Ji Hye,Kim Yae-Jean 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.46

Background: In pediatric patients, the common cold coronavirus (ccCoV) usually causes mild respiratory illness. There are reports of coronavirus causing central nervous system (CNS) infection in experimental animal models. Some immunocompromised patients have also been reported to have fatal CNS infections with ccCoV. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of CNS complications related to ccCoV infection. Methods: From January 2014 to December 2019, a retrospective analysis was performed of medical records from hospitalized patients under 19 years of age whose ccCoV was detected through polymerase chain reaction in respiratory specimens. The CNS complications were defined as clinically diagnosed seizure, meningitis, encephalopathy, and encephalitis. Results: A total of 436 samples from 420 patients were detected as ccCoV. Among the 420 patients, 269 patients were immunocompetent and 151 patients were immunocompromised. The most common type of ccCoV was OC43 (52% in immunocompetent, 37% in immunocompromised). CNS complications were observed in 9.4% (41/436). The most common type of CNS complication was the fever-provoked seizure under pre-existing neurologic disease (42% in immunocompetent and 60% in immunocompromised patients). Among patients with CNS complications, two immunocompetent patients required intensive care unit admission due to encephalitis. Three patients without underlying neurological disease started anti-seizure medications for the first time at this admission. There was no death related to ccCoV infection. Conclusion: ccCoV infection may cause severe clinical manifestations such as CNS complications or neurologic sequelae, even in previously healthy children.

Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Myocarditis/Pericarditis before the Introduction of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Korean Children: a Multicenter Study

Park Hwanhee,Yun Ki Wook,Kim Kyung-Ran,Song Seung Ha,Ahn Bin,Kim Doo Ri,Kim Gi Beom,Huh June,Choi Eun Hwa,김예진 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.32

Background: Korean health authority plans to vaccinate adolescents against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) starting high school seniors during the summer vacation of 2021. However, the myocarditis/pericarditis following COVID-19 vaccine has been reported recently in adolescents and young adults. This study was performed to answer the urgent questions about the basic epidemiology and clinical course of myocarditis/pericarditis in hospitalized patients prior to the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines in pediatric population. Methods: A retrospective medical record analysis including frequency, clinical characteristics, etiology and outcome of myocarditis/pericarditis was conducted in 17 years and younger patients who were hospitalized in two referral hospitals in Korea between 2010 and 2019. Results: Total 142 patients with myocarditis (n = 119) and/or pericarditis (n = 23) were identified. Median age was 5.4 years (interquartile range, 0.6–12.9 years; range, 11 days–17.8 years), and male was 61%. In adolescents aged 12–17 years, the male to female ratio was 3.2. Myocarditis/pericarditis occurred 0.70 per 1,000 in-patients during the study period: 0.96 (< 1 year), 0.50 (1–5 years), 0.67 (6–11 years) and 1.22 (12–17 years) per 1,000 in-patients, respectively. There was an increasing tendency for the annual frequency from 0.34 in 2010 to 1.25 per 1,000 in-patients in 2019 (P = 0.021). Among the 56 (40%) proven pathogens at admission, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 11, 8%) and enterovirus (n = 10, 7%) were most common. Of the 142 patients, 99 (70%) required pediatric intensive care unit care and 10 (7%) received heart transplantation. In addition, 61 patients (61/131, 47%) without heart medication at admission needed heart medication when they were discharged. Eleven (7.7%) patients died, of which five patients were previously healthy. The median age of deceased patients was lower than the survival group (0.8 vs. 6.3 years, P = 0.014). Conclusion: The frequency of myocarditis/pericarditis was highest among male adolescent in-patients; however, the outcome was favorable in this group without any mortality.

Mercantile Experience and Spirituality in The Book of Margery Kempe

Hwanhee Park(박환희) 새한영어영문학회 2009 새한영어영문학 Vol.51 No.2

This paper argues that The Book of Margery Kempe describes Margery Kempe’s progress from self-centered mercantile consciousness to widespread spirituality. Whereas critics focus on the strong influence that Margery’s experience in the lay economy had over her spirituality, Margery’s way of distributing her spirituality goes beyond the limits imposed by her mercantile consciousness. Although she must rely on the language and concepts of merchant community in order to understand the religious visions she encounters, she is also aware of the sinful nature of her merchant past. Thus she overcomes the self-centered production and consumption of her earlier days and shares her spiritual experience with many others’ profit. Her definition of the relationship with Christ and her treatment of the holy visions can be seen as economics in the field of spirituality and religion. Margery’s way of translating her visions ensures easy access for those that witness her tears and listen to her speech. Her decision to have the Book written is not motivated by her desire for authority; by transcribing her experience in written text, Margery produces a format that can be circulated more widely than her speech and thereby give benefit to more people for longer periods of time. As such, The Book of Margery Kempe describes Margery’s pursuit of spirituality and transcendence of self-centered accumulation.

A Comparative Study on the Bioethics Consciousness of University Students on the Life-sustaining Treatment Decision Act

Junghyun Kim(Junghyun Kim),Dae-Eun Kim(Dae-Eun Kim),Eunseok Park(Eunseok Park),Dae-Jin Kim(Dae-Jin Kim),Hwanhee Kim(Hwanhee Kim) 한국보건의료윤리학회 2023 한국보건의료윤리학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Background: The purpose of this study is to provide basic data on the necessity and direction of education to establish a desirable bioethics view by identifying bioethics awareness of the Life-sustaining Treatment Decision Act among biomedical laboratory science student and nursing students attending K University. Methods: From October 30 to November 5, 2022, the final 279 people (144 in biomedical laboratory science and 135 in nursing) were analyzed through a structured survey of 29 questions. Results: As a result of comparing the presence or absence of learning and the degree of awareness of the life-sustaining treatment decision act, the presence or absence of learning p<.001. There was a statistically significant difference in cognitive degree p<.001. Conclusion: It is suggested that continuous research should be conducted to confirm the perception of biomedical ethics of Biomedical laboratory science students and nursing students and to find the need and direction of education to establish a desirable bioethics.

Mercantile Experience and Spirituality in The Book of Marge Kempe

박환희 새한영어영문학회 2009 새한영어영문학 Vol.51 No.2

This paper argues that The Book of Margery Kempe describes Margery Kempe's progress from self-centered mercantile consciousness to widespread spirituality. Whereas critics focus on the strong influence that Margery's experience in the lay economy had over her spirituality, Margery's way of distributing her spirituality goes beyond the limits imposed by her mercantile consciousness. Although she must rely on the language and concepts of merchant community in order to understand the religious visions she encounters, she is also aware of the sinful nature of her merchant past. Thus she overcomes the self-centered production and consumption of her earlier days and shares her spiritual experience with many others' profit. Her definition of the relationship with Christ and her treatment of the holy visions can be seen as economics in the field of spirituality and religion. Margery's way of translating her visions ensures easy access for those that witness her tears and listen to her speech. Her decision to have the Book written is not motivated by her desire for authority; by transcribing her experience in written text, Margery produces a format that can be circulated more widely than her speech and thereby give benefit to more people for longer periods of time. As such, The Book of Margery Kempe describes Margery's pursuit of spirituality and transcendence of self-centered accumulation.

Land Suitability Analysis using GIS and Satellite Imagery

Hwanhee Yoo,Seongsam Kim,Sukhee Ochirbat,Eunrae Cho,Honggi Park 한국측량학회 2007 한국측량학회지 Vol.25 No.6-1

Misexpression of Dickkopf-1 in endothelial cells, but not in chondrocytes or hypertrophic chondrocytes, causes defects in endochondral ossification.

Oh, Hwanhee,Ryu, Je-Hwang,Jeon, Jimin,Yang, Siyoung,Chun, Churl-Hong,Park, Hongryeol,Kim, Hyung Joon,Kim, Woo-Shin,Kim, Hong-Hee,Kwon, Young-Guen,Chun, Jang-Soo Mary Ann Liebert, Inc 2012 Journal of bone and mineral research Vol.27 No.6

<P>Developing cartilage serves as a template for long-bone development during endochondral ossification. Although the coupling of cartilage and bone development with angiogenesis is an important regulatory step for endochondral ossification, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. One possible mechanism involves the action of Dickkopf (DKK), which is a family of soluble canonical Wnt antagonists with four members (DKK1-4). We initially observed opposite expression patterns of Dkk1 and Dkk2 during angiogenesis and chondrocyte differentiation: downregulation of Dkk1 and upregulation of Dkk2. We examined the in vivo role of Dkk1 and Dkk2 in linking cartilage/bone development and angiogenesis by generating transgenic (TG) mice that specifically express Dkk1 or Dkk2 in chondrocytes, hypertrophic chondrocytes, or endothelial cells. Despite specific expression pattern during cartilage development, chondrocyte- and hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific Dkk1 and Dkk2 TG mice showed normal developmental phenotypes. However, Dkk1 misexpression in endothelial cells resulted in defects of endochondral ossification and reduced skeletal size. The defects are caused by the inhibition of angiogenesis in developing bone and subsequent inhibition of apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes and cartilage resorption.</P>